Kumayambiriro kwa 2019, ife (pamodzi ndi ma portal Software-testing.ru ndi Dou.ua) tidachita kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa malipiro a akatswiri a QA. Tsopano tikudziwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zoyezera ndalama m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Timadziwanso chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chomwe katswiri wa QA ayenera kukhala nacho kuti asinthe ofesi yodzaza ndi malipiro ochepa pampando wamphepete mwa nyanja ndi ndalama zambiri. Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za chilichonse? Werengani nkhani yathu.
Kotero ... Tangoganizirani mkhalidwe: mudabwera kudzafunsidwa ndipo funso lokhazikika la "Malipiro oyembekezeredwa" linaperekedwa kwa inu. Simungalakwitse bwanji ndi yankho? Winawake ayamba kukhazikika pamalipiro pamalo awo omaliza a ntchito, munthu pamalipiro avareji pantchito yomwe wapatsidwa ku Moscow, wina adzatenga ngati maziko amalipiro omwe bwenzi lanu QA injiniya adadzitamandira dzulo pa kapu ya tiyi. . Koma muyenera kuvomereza, zonsezi ndizosamveka, ndikufuna kudziwa kufunikira kwanga motsimikizika.
Chifukwa chake, woyesa aliyense wokonda ndalama nthawi zina amafunsa mafunso awa:
- Ndi ndalama zingati ngati katswiri?
- Ndi maluso ati omwe muyenera kukulitsa kuti muwonjezere phindu kwa olemba ntchito?
- Kodi ndidzalandira zambiri posintha ntchito yanga ya muofesi ku Barnaul kukhala yakutali ku Moscow?
- uwu ndi mtundu wapadziko lonse wofanana ndi kupambana kwa katswiri wolembedwa ntchito pantchito yake yaukadaulo. Ngati tinyalanyaza zinthu zaumwini ndi zamagulu, bwino kuposa malipiro mwina sitinganene chilichonse chokhudza ziyeneretso ndi luso la katswiri wolembedwa ntchito. Koma ngati tidziwa chilichonse chokhudza kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe timapeza, ndiye kuti tikuyenera kukhala ndi njira yotani kuti tiwonjezere ndalamazi, titha kungoganiza.
Malinga ndi mfundo ya Pareto, olemba ntchito/makasitomala ali wokonzeka kulipira 80% ya ndalamazo pa 20% ya luso lathu. Funso lokhalo ndiloti luso lamakono lamakono likuphatikizidwa mu 20% iyi. Ndipo lero tiyesa kupeza chinsinsi cha kupambana.
Pakufufuza kwathu, tidaganiza zopita, kunena kwake, "kuchokera kwa munthu," motero tikuchita kafukufuku osati pamlingo wa CIO ndi HR, koma pamlingo wa anthu omwe "ali ndi chidwi" zotsatira za kafukufukuyu: inu, akatswiri okondedwa a QA.
Chidule:
Chiyambi: kukonza kafukufuku
Mugawoli mupeza zambiri za kafukufuku wokha komanso omwe adawayankha. Mukufuna juice? Khalani omasuka kupitilira patsogolo!
Chifukwa chake, kafukufukuyu adachitika mu Disembala 2018-Januware 2019.
Kuti tisonkhanitse zambiri, tidagwiritsa ntchito mafunso a Google Forms, zomwe mungapeze pa ulalo womwe uli pansipa:
Ndikufuna kuthokoza a portal chifukwa chondithandiza pochita kafukufukuyu komanso Natalia Barantseva. Komanso, tikufuna kunena zikomo kwambiri kwa: portal , gulu la VK , telegram channel .
Kafukufukuyu anakhudza anthu 1006 omwe anafunsidwa omwe amagwira ntchito m’makampani ochokera m’mayiko 14 m’mizinda 83. Kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta komanso kuwonera deta, tidaphatikiza malo a onse omwe adafunsidwa ndi owalemba ntchito m'magawo 6 odziyimira pawokha:
- Russia.
- Europe (zone EU).
- CIS.
- USA.
- Asiya.
- Oceania.
Chigawo cha Asia ndi Oceania chinayenera kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha kuyimira kwawo kochepa mu zitsanzo.
Kodi akatswiri a QA amagawidwa bwanji pakati pa zigawo za olemba anzawo ntchito?
Madola aku US adasankhidwa kukhala ndalama zazikulu za kafukufukuyu. Sikuti tonsefe timalandira malipiro m'madola, ndichifukwa chakuti pali zero zochepa mwa iwo ndipo kutembenuka kuchokera ku ndalama zina ndikolondola.
Kodi akatswiri a QA amalandira ndalama zanji?
Tinatha kufotokoza momveka bwino magawo anayi amalipiro:
- zosakwana $600 (ndi wapakati wa $450);
- $601-1500 (ndi wapakati wa $1050);
- $1500-2300 (ndi wapakati wa $1800);
- kuposa $2300 (ndi wapakati wa $3000).
97% ya maudindo omwe adafunsidwa adadziwika ndikugawidwa m'magulu anayi a akatswiri a QA. Tinatenga dala gulu lovomerezeka m'makampani apadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa ... ngakhale ku Russia mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo otsala 4% omwe anafunsidwa amagwira ntchito ku mayiko ena.
Kodi akatswiri a QA amagawidwa bwanji ndi gulu la ntchito?
Gawo loyamba. Malipiro a akatswiri a QA ku Russia ndi padziko lonse lapansi
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone mlingo wa malipiro a akatswiri a QA ku Russia ndi momwe zimatengera mtundu wa ntchito.
Kodi mlingo wa malipiro a katswiri wa QA umadalira bwanji ntchito yake (Russia)?
Pafupifupi theka la akatswiri onse a QA (48,9%) amagwira ntchito muofesi kuti alandire malipiro oyambira $601 mpaka $1500. Wina wachitatu amagwiranso ntchito ngati ofesi, pafupifupi yogawidwa m'misasa iwiri: ndi malipiro <$600 (17,3%) ndi malipiro a $1500 - $2300 (18,1%).
Chochititsa chidwi: Chiwerengero cha akatswiri omwe amalipidwa kwambiri ndi ochuluka kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi ndandanda yosinthika ya ofesi ndi ntchito zakutali kuposa pakati pa oyesa omwe amakakamizidwa ndi ntchito yokhazikika. Ponena za kuchita pawokha, oyimilira ake onse ochepa adawona kuti amapeza ndalama <$600.
Zizindikirozi ndizodziwika osati za msika waku Russia wa ntchito za QA zokha. Zofananazo zitha kutsatiridwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuyerekeza malipiro apakati a akatswiri a QA (Russia vs World)
Malipiro a ntchito zakutali amamveka bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Izi mwina chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ndalama za bungwe kwa olemba ntchito. zida, zomangamanga ndi dongosolo la malo ogwira ntchito, zomwe zimasinthidwa pang'ono kukhala malipiro ake. Chifukwa chake, ngati mumalota mukumwa ma cocktails m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikupeza 24% kuposa anzanu akumenyera chiwongolero chakutali kuchokera ku 9 mpaka 18, tsopano muli ndi zolimbikitsa zina.
Zosangalatsa: Malipiro ku Russia amatsalira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya mawonekedwe akutali (35,7%) ndi freelancing (58,1%), komanso kudziyimira pawokha, ngakhale kulipiridwa bwino, kumapangidwa bwino kunja kuposa ku Russia.
Mumafunsa kuti: “Kodi manambala amalipirowa amachokera kuti? Mwinamwake Moscow ndi St. Petersburg okha ndi amene anachita nawo kafukufukuyu.” Ayi, anzanga. Mizindayi imayimira pafupifupi dziko lonse la Russia, koma sitinayerekeze kusanthula mizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu ochepera 20 omwe amafunsidwa potengera malipiro apakati. Ngati wina akuzifuna, lembani kwa [imelo ndiotetezedwa], tidzagawana zambiri pamizinda ina.
Avereji ya malipiro a akatswiri a QA (mizinda yaku Russia)
Chithunzicho ndi chodziwikiratu, makamaka mizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu oposa miliyoni imodzi imasiyanitsidwa ndi malipiro apamwamba, kupatulapo Saratov, Krasnodar ndi Izhevsk. Mpikisanowu nthawi zambiri umagawidwa ndi mitu yayikulu, koma malipiro apamwamba ndi mzinda amatsekedwa ndi dera la Chernozem ndi Voronezh, kusiyana kwa malipiro ndi Moscow kuli pafupifupi kawiri (45,9%).
Chochititsa chidwi: Ife tokha sitikumvetsa bwino momwe Saratov adalowa mu atatu apamwamba ponena za malipiro. Tidzakhala othokoza ngati mungagawane zomwe mukuganiza pankhaniyi.
Kwa iwo omwe asankha kugwira ntchito ku "Europe yowonongeka" kapena CIS yapafupi, tikufulumira kukukondweretsani. Pali mwayi uliwonse wopeza chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha malipiro. Iwo omwe amawagwirira ntchito kale amadziwa za izi popanda ife.
Avereji ya malipiro a akatswiri a QA (magawo a olemba ntchito)
Chilichonse pano ndi chodziwikiratu, mlingo wa malipiro pakati pa olemba ntchito Russian ndi pafupifupi 10% m'munsi kuposa CIS, 14,8% wodzichepetsa kwambiri kuposa ku Ulaya, ndi 28,8% m'munsi kuposa mu USA.
Zosangalatsa: Mulingo wamalipiro ku Europe ndi CIS sikusiyana monga momwe tidanenera poyamba (ndi 5,3% yokha). N'zovuta kunena motsimikiza ngati kudalirana kwa mayiko padziko lonse lapansi, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro a "Europe" ndi "CIS" m'maganizo mwa omwe anafunsidwa, kapena zofunikira zachuma ndizo chifukwa cha izi.
Ndizomveka kuti malipiro apamwamba amakopa akatswiri oyenerera omwe ali okonzeka kugwira ntchito ku kampani yakunja. Njira yotulutsira akatswiri imakhala yosavuta pamene makampani akuluakulu amatsegula nthambi m'mayiko ndi mizinda yambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe akutali amachotsa malire otsalawo.
Kodi akatswiri a QA amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito kuti?
Yemwe ali ndi mbiri yolemba anthu ochokera kumayiko ena ndi United States; akatswiri a QA ochulukirapo ka 15 amagwira ntchito kumakampani aku America kuposa omwe amakhala kumayiko. Ku CIS, m'malo mwake, amakonda kukhala m'malo mogwira ntchito kumakampani am'deralo a IT. Ku Russia ndi mayiko a European Union pali mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi anthu amoyo.
Zosangalatsa: Nthawi zina chotchinga chokhacho chomwe chimalekanitsa katswiri kuti alowe nawo ntchito ya abwana aku Euro-America ndi chidziwitso cha zilankhulo. Msika wogwira ntchito ku Russia ndi CIS uli ndi mwayi kuti chinthu ichi m'zaka za zana lathu chimalepheretsabe "kukhetsa ubongo".
Gawo lachiwiri. Kudalira kwa mlingo wa malipiro a akatswiri a QA pazochitika, maphunziro ndi udindo
Sitinathe kuzindikira mgwirizano wachindunji pakati pa mlingo wa malipiro a akatswiri a QA ndi maphunziro omwe analandira. Koma tinatha kupeza mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri za chikoka cha maphunziro pa udindo wa katswiri.
Kodi udindo/gawo lomwe katswiri wa QA amaphunzira zimadalira bwanji maphunziro ake?
Peresenti ya achinyamata apamwamba kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi maphunziro apadera aumunthu, zachuma ndi sekondale.
Amatsogolera bwino amapezedwa kuchokera kwa ophunzira akatswiri aukadaulo, maloya, anthu omwe ali ndi digiri yamaphunziro komanso, chidwi cha akatswiri, akatswiri omwe ali ndi maphunziro apadera a kasamalidwe.
Akuluakulu abwino Amachokera ku techies ndipo, makamaka, mwina anthu omwe ali ndi maphunziro a kusukulu kapena akatswiri omwe ali ndi madigiri awiri.
Koma pakati pali zokwanira paliponse, kupatula kuti pakati pa maloya ndi anthu okhazikika pali ocheperapo.
Zosangalatsa: Ziwerengero zathu, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mchaka cha Online Institute of Testers (POINT), zimatsimikizira kwathunthu zomwe tafotokozazi pamaphunziro a achinyamata. Ndipo ziwerengero zamkati zamakampani zikuwonetsa kuti akatswiri aukadaulo amakulabe mwachangu pamakwerero antchito.
Pali mikangano yambiri yokhudzana ndi kugawa kwa akatswiri a QA ndi malipiro malinga ndi kalasi. Achinyamata, omwe amalandira ngati akuluakulu, amatsogolera pa malipiro apakati, ndizochitika zofala kwambiri masiku ano. Tiyeni tiyese kuzilingalira.
Kodi mlingo wa malipiro a katswiri wa QA umadalira bwanji udindo / gulu lomwe ali nalo?
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kuwononga nthano yaikulu yokhudza kukula kwa akuluakulu kukhala mamenejala. Kulowa mumayendedwe si sitepe osati mmwamba, koma kumbali! Zochitika zonse zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pazaka zambiri zogwira ntchito ngati katswiri wa QA sizikuthandizira pagawo latsopano, chifukwa simuyenera kugwira ntchito ndi ma code, koma ndi anthu ndi mapulani. Oyang'anira amamvetsetsa zonsezi bwino, ndipo kwenikweni tikuwona kuti malipiro kapena kapangidwe kake kwa akuluakulu ndi otsogolera ndizosiyana kwenikweni.
Kusiyana pakati pa achinyamata ndi apakati sikungatchulidwe kuti ndi tsoka. Inde, pafupifupi, wapakati nthawi zambiri amapeza $1500-2300 m'malo mwa $600. Koma monga achichepere, theka lapakati onse amalandila malipiro apakati pa $601- $1500.
Zosangalatsa: Kumene kulumpha kwa malipiro kumawonekera kwenikweni ndikuyerekeza apakati ndi akuluakulu. Malipiro osakwana $600 akukhala chinthu chakale, ndipo 57% yamalipiro onse akuyenda mu $1500-3000. Zimakhalabe kumvetsetsa zomwe wamkulu ayenera kuchita ndikukulitsa mbali iyi, koma zambiri pambuyo pake.
Koma chidziwitso cha ntchito, mosiyana ndi maphunziro, chimakhudza mwachindunji mlingo wa malipiro.
Kodi mlingo wa malipiro a katswiri wa QA umadalira bwanji ntchito?
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa momveka bwino momwe, pokhala ndi chidziwitso mu ntchitoyi, chiwerengero cha akatswiri omwe amalipidwa pang'ono chimachepa ndipo chiwerengero cha malipiro opitirira $ 2300 chikuwonjezeka.
Kodi magawo amalipiro amasintha bwanji katswiri wa QA akamakula?
Chinthu chachikulu cha June ndikusunga chaka choyamba. Ngakhale atamaliza maphunziro awo, oyesa a chaka chimodzi sangayembekezere malipiro a $ 1500-2300, koma pali mwayi wabwino (56%) wokhala m'modzi mwa akatswiri omwe ali ndi malipiro a $ 600-1500 pamwezi.
Pomaliza, potengera malipiro, mtengo wa katswiri umayamba kukula pakadutsa zaka 4 mpaka 6 za ntchito, kufika pamalipiro apakatikati a $1500. Pambuyo pa mfundo iyi, kuchuluka kwa malipiro kumachepa, kwa ena kumafika $ 2300 pamwezi, koma kawirikawiri, zochitika pambuyo pa zaka 6 mu ntchito yoyesera zimangotsimikizira ndalama za $ 1500-2000, ndiyeno chirichonse, monga nthawi zonse, chimadalira. mzinda, kampani, munthu.
Zosangalatsa: Kukula kwa mlingo wa malipiro a katswiri wa QA m'zaka zoyamba za 3 ndi 67,8%, pamene kukula kwa malipiro pazaka 7 mpaka 10 kumatsika kufika 8,1%.
Gawo lachitatu. Kudalira mlingo wa malipiro a akatswiri a QA pa mlingo wa luso la kuyesa luso
Kumbukirani kuti kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi tinayesetsa kumvetsa kufunika kwathu monga akatswiri. Tsopano tiyeni tipitirire kusanthula luso loyesera. Kodi akatswiri a QA ali ndi luso lotani ndipo izi zimakhudza bwanji malipiro awo?
Ndi maluso ati omwe akatswiri a QA ali nawo bwino?
Tiyeni tiganizire za luso lochepa lomwe sitingathe kuchita popanda ntchito yathu.
Kodi katswiri aliyense wa QA ayenera kudziwa chiyani?
- Luso pakukhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa zolakwika - Luso lodziwika bwino. Anthu 4 salankhula nkomwe, 16 alibe chidziwitso. Ndipo 98% ya omwe adafunsidwa amadziwa bwino luso komanso mwangwiro.
- Kudziwa machitidwe otsata nsikidzi (Jira, Redmine, YouTrack, Bugzilla) - komanso, anthu 6 okha sadziwa konse luso limeneli.
- Kuyesa kwamakasitomala pamawebusayiti - 81% ya omwe adayankha amalankhula bwino kapena mwangwiro.
- Kudziwa bwino kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso ndi nkhokwe zoyeserera (wiki, confluence, etc.) - omwewo 81%, koma 27% okha a iwo ali angwiro.
- Luso pakusanthula mayeso, kapangidwe ka mayeso ndi njira zama combinatorics - 58% ya akatswiri ali ndi luso limeneli ndipo ena 18% amadziwa bwino. Kodi ndi bwino kumangocheza nawo?
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone maluso omwe angaganizidwe kuti ndi osowa, motero amalipidwa bwino, mu ntchito yathu.
Kodi mungadzitamande chiyani kwa abwana anu/anzanu?
- Dziwani kupanga zolemba zoyesa katundu mu JMeter kapena mapulogalamu ofanana - luso losowa kwambiri. Anthu 467 alibe luso limeneli nkomwe (46,4%). Anthu 197 amalankhula pamlingo wokwanira (19,6%). Ndi anthu 49 okha omwe amadziwa bwino, ndipo 36 mwa iwo amapeza ndalama zoposa $1500.
- Wodziwa machitidwe operekera malipoti pazotsatira za autotest (Allure, etc.) − Akatswiri 204 ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira.
- Kudziwa madalaivala ndi zowonjezera zoyeserera zokha - 241 akatswiri.
- Kudziwa zoyeserera zoyeserera zokha (TestNG, JUnit, etc.) - 272 akatswiri.
Zosangalatsa: Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, luso losowa kwambiri linali kuyesa katundu ndi luso lodzipangira okha, zomwe zimatsimikizira zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wa ntchito za QA. Kuperewera kwa oyendetsa makina ndi oyendetsa katundu kumawonekera bwino pamlingo wamalipiro awo poyerekeza ndi akatswiri ena.
Ndi maluso ati omwe amalipira bwino kwambiri?
Wodzichepetsa kwambiri (mpaka $1410 pamwezi) Maluso oyambira pakulondolera zolakwika, luso pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti/m'manja, kusanthula mayeso ndi masanjidwe/kusinthika amalipidwa.
Osati kutali ndi iwo (mpaka $1560 pamwezi) luso lophatikizira ndi kuyesa kwa database, luso pakuwongolera mitundu ndi makina odula mitengo zapita. Pafupifupi, amalipidwa bwino 10-15%.
Zabwinonso (mpaka $1660 pamwezi) Luso loyang'anira nkhokwe zoyeserera, luso la zida zowunikira magalimoto, ndi luso lofunikira pakuwunikira ndikuyambitsa zolakwika zimalipidwa.
Chabwino, ngati mukufuna chiwerengerocho $1770, ndiye, monga tanenera kale, talandiridwa ku League of autotesters, load engineers ndi ophatikizira mosalekeza; awa ndi maluso omwe, malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wathu, ndi omwe amalipidwa bwino kwambiri.
Zosangalatsa: Kukhala ndi kuyezetsa katundu ndi luso lodzipangira okha kumawonjezera kukula kwa malipiro anu pafupifupi 20-25%, ndi udindo wofanana komanso luso lantchito.
Katswiri wa QA yemwe ali ndi luso limodzi lokha kapena 2-3 ndizovuta kwambiri pantchitoyo. Ndizolondola kwambiri kuyesa ziyeneretso ndi malipiro a woyesa kutengera kuchuluka kwa maluso omwe ali nawo onse.
Kodi mlingo wa malipiro a katswiri wa QA umadalira bwanji kuchuluka kwa luso lomwe waphunzira?
Nthano za ubwino wa ukatswiri pakuyesa sizinadzilungamitse. Chiwerengero cha luso mu arsenal woyesa chimakhudza mwachindunji malipiro ake. Maluso aliwonse owonjezera a 5-6 mu banki ya nkhumba ya akatswiri amabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa malipiro ndi 20-30%. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa malipiro ndi kwa akatswiri omwe adziwa luso loposa 20. "Prodigies" zotere zimalandira pafupifupi 62% kuposa akatswiri opapatiza omwe ali ndi luso la 5 m'chikwama chawo.
Zosangalatsa: Ndi anthu 12 okha mwa 1006 omwe ali ndi luso lonse. Onsewa ali ndi malipiro apamwamba. Anthu onse 12 amagwira ntchito muofesi, onse ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka cha ntchito (oyankha mmodzi yekha ali ndi zaka 2-3, ena onse amagawidwa mofanana pa 4-6, 7-10 ndi zaka zoposa 10).
Kutsiliza: zithunzi za akatswiri a QA
M'malo moganiza zotopetsa ndikuyambiranso, tidaganiza zojambula zithunzi za akatswiri a QA okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amalipiro. Zithunzi sizowoneka bwino chifukwa zimawonetsa akatswiri ena a QA, motero zimatha kusiyana ndi zenizeni nthawi zina. Panali zithunzi zinayi zonse.
Wamanyazi
Chithunzi cha katswiri wa QA yemwe amalandila malipiro ofika $600.
Malo okhala: mizinda yaying'ono ku Russia ndi CIS.
Wolemba ntchito: makamaka makampani ochokera ku Russia ndi CIS.
Mtundu wa ntchito: Freelancing kapena ndondomeko yokhazikika yakutali.
Maphunziro: iliyonse, nthawi zambiri yothandiza anthu.
Gulu/malo: wamng'ono.
Zochitika: mpaka chaka.
Lamulo labwino la: 4-5 luso.
Akuyenera kukhala:
- machitidwe otsata zolakwika;
- luso la kumasulira ndi kukhazikitsa zolakwika;
- kuyesa kwamakasitomala pamawebusayiti kapena mafoni;
- luso losanthula mayeso.
Gulu lapakati
Chithunzi cha katswiri wa QA wokhala ndi malipiro a $600-1500.
Malo okhala: mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia (Saratov, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Rostov, etc.) ndi CIS, Europe.
Wolemba ntchito: makamaka makampani ochokera ku Russia, CIS ndi ang'onoang'ono aku Europe.
Mtundu wa ntchito: ndandanda yokhazikika yaofesi komanso ntchito zakutali.
Maphunziro: iliyonse.
Gulu/malo: wamng'ono kapena wapakati.
Zochitika: 2-3 zaka.
Lamulo labwino la: 6-10 luso.
Kuphatikiza pa zoyambira, ali ndi:
- kuphatikiza ndi luso loyesa nkhokwe;
- machitidwe owongolera ndi kudula mitengo.
Wopambana
Chithunzi cha katswiri wa QA wokhala ndi malipiro a $1500-2300.
Malo okhala:
- Russia (malikulu);
- CIS (mizinda yokhala ndi anthu oposa miliyoni imodzi);
-Ulaya.
Wolemba ntchito: makampani omwe ali ndi capital kuchokera ku Europe ndi USA.
Mtundu wa ntchito: mawonekedwe aofesi ndi ntchito yosinthika yakutali.
Maphunziro: iliyonse, nthawi zambiri yovomerezeka kapena yoyang'anira.
Gulu/malo: wapakati kapena wamkulu.
Zochitika: Zaka za 4-6.
Lamulo labwino la: 11-18 luso.
Ayenera kukhala nawonso:
- machitidwe owongolera chidziwitso ndi nkhokwe zoyeserera;
- zida zowunikira magalimoto;
- machitidwe owongolera mtundu.
Zikwama za ndalama
Chithunzi cha katswiri wa QA wokhala ndi malipiro kuyambira $2300.
Malo okhala:
- popanda kutchula malo (munthu wa dziko);
- Russia (malikulu);
- CIS (malikulu);
- Europe (mizinda ikuluikulu);
- USA.
Wolemba ntchito: makampani ochokera ku Europe ndi USA.
Mtundu wa ntchito: ofesi yosinthika kapena mawonekedwe akutali.
Maphunziro: iliyonse, koma luso ndi bwino.
Gulu/malo: Mkulu kapena Mtsogoleri.
Zochitika: > 6 zaka.
Lamulo labwino la: kuposa 19 luso kuyesa.
Maluso ofunikira ndi awa:
- 2-3 luso loyesera lokha;
- 1-2 luso kuyesa katundu;
- luso mu machitidwe ophatikizana mosalekeza.
Tikukhulupirira kuti tsopano kudzakhala kosavuta kuti mudziyese nokha (monga katswiri wa QA) pamsika wantchito. Mwina nkhaniyi ithandiza wina kukhala woleza mtima, kuphunzira mwakhama, ndikuyamba kukula m'njira yopindulitsa kwambiri. Wina atha kulimba mtima ndi chidziwitso kuti alankhule ndi manejala za kukweza malipiro. Ndipo wina asankha kusiya madera awo ndikupita kukakhala kugombe la Thailand.
Kaya ndinu ndani, tikufunirani zabwino zonse, chifukwa mukudziwa kale komwe mungakulire komanso kuchuluka kwake.
Source: www.habr.com