Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mauthenga pa intaneti okhudza kumenyera chilengedwe komanso kupanga njira zina zamagetsi. Nthawi zina amafotokozeranso momwe magetsi a dzuwa adapangidwira m'mudzi wosiyidwa kuti anthu ammudzi azisangalala ndi ubwino wa chitukuko osati maola 2-3 pa tsiku pamene jenereta ikugwira ntchito, koma nthawi zonse. Koma zonsezi ziri kutali ndi moyo wathu, kotero ndinaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo changa kuti ndiwonetsere ndikufotokozera momwe magetsi a dzuwa a nyumba yaumwini amapangidwira komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Ndikuwuzani za magawo onse: kuchokera pamalingaliro mpaka kuyatsa zida zonse, ndipo ndigawananso zomwe ndakumana nazo pakugwiritsa ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikhala yayitali kwambiri, kotero kuti omwe sakonda zilembo zambiri amatha kuwonera kanemayo. Kumeneko ndinayesera kunena zomwezo, koma zidzawoneka momwe ndikusonkhanitsa zonsezi ndekha.
Zambiri zoyambira: nyumba yapayekha yokhala ndi malo pafupifupi 200 m2 imalumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi. Atatu gawo athandizira, okwana mphamvu 15 kW. Nyumbayi ili ndi zipangizo zamagetsi: firiji, ma TV, makompyuta, makina ochapira, otsuka mbale, ndi zina zotero. Gulu lamagetsi silili losiyana ndi kukhazikika: mbiri yomwe ndinalemba inali yakuda kwa masiku 6 motsatizana kwa nthawi ya 2 mpaka 8 maola.
Zomwe mukufuna kupeza: iwalani za kuzimitsa kwa magetsi ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi zivute zitani.
Ndi mabonasi ati omwe angakhalepo: Kuchulukitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa, kotero kuti nyumbayo imayendetsedwa makamaka ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndipo kusowa kumachotsedwa pa intaneti. Monga bonasi, pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo pa malonda a magetsi ku gululi ndi anthu payekha, kuyamba kubweza gawo la ndalama zawo ndi kugulitsa owonjezera m'badwo kwa gululi mphamvu ambiri.
Kumayambira pati?
Nthawi zonse pali njira ziwiri zothetsera vuto lililonse: phunzirani nokha kapena perekani yankho kwa wina. Njira yoyamba ikuphatikizapo kuphunzira zipangizo zamaganizo, mabwalo owerengera, kuyankhulana ndi eni ake a magetsi a dzuwa, kumenyana ndi achule amkati ndipo, potsiriza, kugula zipangizo, ndikuyika. Njira yachiwiri: itanani kampani yapadera, komwe adzafunsa mafunso ambiri, sankhani ndi kugulitsa zipangizo zofunika, ndipo mwinamwake kuziyika kwa ndalama. Ndinaganiza zophatikiza njira ziwirizi. Mwa zina chifukwa ndizosangalatsa kwa ine, ndipo mwanjira ina kuti ndisathamangire ogulitsa omwe amangofuna kupanga ndalama pogulitsa zomwe siziri zomwe ndikufunikira. Tsopano ndi nthawi yoti malingaliro amvetsetse momwe ndinapangira zosankha zanga.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chitsanzo cha "kugwiritsa ntchito" ndalama pomanga magetsi a dzuwa. Chonde dziwani kuti mapanelo adzuwa adayikidwa KUseri kwa mtengo - kotero palibe kuwala komwe kumawafika ndipo sagwira ntchito.
Mitundu yamagetsi a dzuwa
Ndiroleni ndizindikire nthawi yomweyo kuti sindilankhula za njira zamafakitale kapena machitidwe olemetsa, koma zamagetsi wamba opangira magetsi adzuwa panyumba yaying'ono. Sindine oligarch kutaya ndalama, koma ndimatsatira mfundo yokhala wololera. Ndiko kuti, sindikufuna kutentha dziwe ndi magetsi a "dzuwa" kapena kulipiritsa galimoto yamagetsi yomwe ndilibe, koma ndikufuna kuti zipangizo zonse za m'nyumba mwanga zizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse, osaganizira za gridi yamagetsi. .
Tsopano ndikuwuzani za mitundu ya magetsi a dzuwa kwa nyumba yaumwini. Mwambiri, pali atatu okha, koma pali zosiyana. Ndidzawakonza molingana ndi kukwera mtengo kwa dongosolo lililonse.
Network Solar Power Plant - mtundu uwu wamagetsi opangira magetsi umaphatikiza mtengo wotsika komanso wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zili ndi zinthu ziwiri zokha: ma solar panels ndi network inverter. Magetsi ochokera ku mapanelo adzuwa amasinthidwa mwachindunji kukhala 220V/380V mnyumba ndipo amadyedwa ndi makina apanyumba. Koma pali vuto lalikulu: ESS imafuna maukonde a msana kuti agwire ntchito. Ngati gridi yamagetsi yakunja yazimitsidwa, ma solar amasintha kukhala "dzungu" ndikusiya kupanga magetsi, popeza kuti inverter yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ikugwira ntchito, maukonde othandizira amafunikira, ndiko kuti, kukhalapo kwa magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zilipo kale, kugwiritsa ntchito inverter yomangidwa ndi gridi sikupindulitsa kwambiri. Chitsanzo: muli ndi 3 kW mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndipo nyumba yanu imagwiritsa ntchito 1 kW. Zowonjezera "zidzayenda" mu netiweki, ndipo mamita ochiritsira amawerengera mphamvu "modulo", ndiko kuti, mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa pa intaneti zidzawerengedwa ndi mita zomwe zimadyedwa, ndipo mudzayenera kulipira. Funso lomveka apa ndilakuti: chochita ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo komanso momwe mungapewere? Tiyeni tipitirire ku mtundu wachiwiri wa magetsi a dzuwa.
Chomera Chamagetsi cha Hybrid Solar - mtundu uwu wamagetsi amaphatikiza ubwino wa makina opangira magetsi ndi magetsi odziyimira pawokha. Muli zinthu 4: solar panel, solar controller, mabatire ndi hybrid inverter. Maziko a chirichonse ndi hybrid inverter, yomwe imatha kusakaniza mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma solar solar mu mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku intaneti yakunja. Kuphatikiza apo, ma inverters abwino amatha kuyika patsogolo mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Momwemo, nyumbayo iyenera kuyamba kudya mphamvu kuchokera ku magetsi a dzuwa ndipo pokhapokha ngati pali kusowa kwake, itengereni kuchokera ku intaneti yakunja. Ngati maukonde akunja atha, inverter imapita kukagwira ntchito yodziyimira payokha ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera ku mapanelo adzuwa ndi mphamvu zosungidwa m'mabatire. Mwanjira iyi, ngakhale mphamvuyo itazimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ndi tsiku la mitambo (kapena mphamvu imachoka usiku), zonse za mβnyumbamo zidzagwira ntchito. Koma choti muchite ngati mulibe magetsi, koma muyenera kukhala ndi moyo mwanjira ina? Apa ndikupita ku mtundu wachitatu wamagetsi.
Autonomous Solar Power Plant - mtundu uwu wamagetsi opangira mphamvu umakulolani kuti mukhale ndi moyo popanda ma grids akunja. Itha kuphatikiza zinthu zopitilira 4: ma solar, solar controller, batire, inverter.
Kuphatikiza pa izi, ndipo nthawi zina m'malo mwa solar panels, HydroElectroStation yamphamvu yochepa, magetsi a mphepo, kapena jenereta (dizilo, gasi kapena mafuta) akhoza kuikidwa. Monga lamulo, malo oterowo ali ndi jenereta, popeza sikungakhale dzuwa ndi mphepo, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi m'mabatire siwopanda malire - pamenepa, jenereta imayamba ndipo imapereka mphamvu ku malo onse, panthawi imodzimodziyo kulipira batire. . Chomera choterechi chimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta kukhala wosakanizidwa mwa kulumikiza maukonde amagetsi akunja, ngati inverter ili ndi ntchito izi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa inverter yodziyimira payokha ndi wosakanizidwa ndikuti sangathe kusakaniza mphamvu kuchokera ku mapanelo a dzuwa ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku intaneti yakunja. Nthawi yomweyo, inverter ya hybrid, m'malo mwake, imatha kugwira ntchito ngati yodziyimira payokha ngati maukonde akunja azimitsidwa. Monga lamulo, ma hybrid inverters amafanana pamtengo ndi odziyimira pawokha, ndipo ngati amasiyana, sizofunikira.
Kodi chowongolera dzuwa ndi chiyani?
Mitundu yonse yamagetsi amagetsi a dzuwa imakhala ndi chowongolera cha dzuwa. Ngakhale mu gridi yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi a dzuwa ilipo, imangokhala gawo la grid-yolumikizidwa inverter. Ndipo ma inverters ambiri osakanizidwa amapangidwa ndi owongolera dzuwa pabwalo. Ndi chiyani ndipo ndi cha chiyani? Ndidzalankhula za chomera chamagetsi cha hybrid ndi chodziyimira pawokha, popeza izi ndizomwe ndikuchita, ndipo nditha kukuuzani zambiri za kapangidwe ka inverter yamaneti mu ndemanga ngati pali zopempha mu ndemanga.
Solar controller ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mphamvu zolandilidwa kuchokera ku mapanelo adzuwa kukhala mphamvu zogayidwa ndi inverter. Mwachitsanzo, mapanelo a dzuwa amapangidwa ndi voteji yomwe imakhala yochulukirapo ya 12V. Ndipo mabatire amapangidwa mochulukitsa 12V, ndi momwe zilili. Machitidwe osavuta okhala ndi mphamvu ya 1-2 kW amagwira ntchito pa 12V. Machitidwe opangira 2-3 kW akugwira ntchito kale pa 24V, ndipo machitidwe amphamvu a 4-5 kW kapena kuposa akugwira ntchito pa 48V. Tsopano ndingoganizira za "kunyumba" kokha, chifukwa ndikudziwa kuti pali ma inverters omwe amagwira ntchito pamagetsi a volts mazana angapo, koma izi ndizoopsa kale kunyumba.
Chifukwa chake, tinene kuti tili ndi 48V system ndi 36V solar panels (gululi limasonkhanitsidwa mochulukitsa 3x12V). Momwe mungapezere 48V yofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito inverter? Zachidziwikire, batire ya 48V imalumikizidwa ndi inverter, ndipo chowongolera chadzuwa chimalumikizidwa ndi mabatire awa mbali imodzi ndi ma solar solar. Ma sola amasonkhanitsidwa pamagetsi okwera dala kuti athe kulipiritsa batire. Wowongolera dzuwa, amalandira mphamvu zowoneka bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku mapanelo adzuwa, amasintha voliyumu iyi kukhala yofunikira ndikuitumiza ku batri. Izi ndizosavuta. Pali olamulira omwe amatha kuchepetsa 150-200 V kuchokera ku mapanelo a dzuwa kupita ku mabatire a 12 V, koma mafunde aakulu kwambiri amayenda pano ndipo wolamulirayo amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Mlandu woyenera ndi pamene voteji kuchokera ku solar panel ndi kawiri voteji pa batire.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya zowongolera dzuwa: PWM (PWM - Pulse Width Modulation) ndi MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking). Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo ndikuti wowongolera wa PWM amatha kugwira ntchito ndi magulu omwe sapitilira mphamvu ya batri. MPPT - wowongolera amatha kugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yowoneka bwino yokhudzana ndi batri. Kuphatikiza apo, olamulira a MPPT ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso ndi okwera mtengo.
Momwe mungasankhire mapanelo adzuwa?
Poyang'ana koyamba, mapanelo onse a dzuwa ndi ofanana: ma cell a ma cell a dzuwa amalumikizidwa ndi mabasi, ndipo kumbuyo kuli mawaya awiri: kuphatikiza ndi minus. Koma pali ma nuances ambiri pankhaniyi. Ma solar amachokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana: amorphous, polycrystalline, monocrystalline. Sindidzayimira mtundu wina wa chinthu kapena china. Ndiloleni ndingonena kuti inenso ndimakonda ma solar a monocrystalline. Koma si zokhazo. Batire iliyonse ya dzuwa ndi keke ya magawo anayi: galasi, filimu yowonekera ya EVA, selo la dzuwa, filimu yosindikiza. Ndipo apa gawo lililonse ndilofunika kwambiri. Osati galasi iliyonse yomwe ili yoyenera, koma ndi mawonekedwe apadera, omwe amachepetsa kuwonetsetsa kwa kuwala ndi kusokoneza kuwala kwa zochitika pa ngodya kuti zinthuzo zikhale zowunikira momwe zingathere, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwira kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwala. Kuwonekera kwa filimu ya EVA kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimafika pa chinthucho komanso mphamvu zomwe gululo limapanga. Ngati filimuyo ikuwoneka kuti ilibe vuto ndipo imakhala yamtambo pakapita nthawi, ndiye kuti kupanga kumatsika kwambiri.
Kenako pamabwera zinthu zokha, ndipo zimagawidwa ndi mtundu, kutengera mtundu: Gulu A, B, C, D ndi zina zotero. Zachidziwikire, ndi bwino kukhala ndi zinthu zamtundu wa A komanso kutenthetsa bwino, chifukwa mukalumikizana bwino, chinthucho chimatenthedwa ndikulephera mwachangu. Chabwino, filimu yomaliza iyeneranso kukhala yapamwamba kwambiri ndikupereka kusindikiza bwino. Ngati mapanelo akhumudwitsidwa, chinyezi chimalowa mwachangu muzinthu, dzimbiri zimayamba, ndipo gululo lidzalephera.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji solar panel yoyenera? Wopanga wamkulu wa dziko lathu ndi China, ngakhale palinso opanga aku Russia pamsika. Pali mafakitale ambiri a OEM omwe amaika dzina lililonse lolamulidwa ndikutumiza mapanelo kwa kasitomala. Ndipo pali mafakitale omwe amapereka njira zonse zopangira ndipo amatha kuwongolera khalidwe lazinthu pamagulu onse opanga. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji za mafakitale ndi mitundu yotere? Pali ma laboratories angapo odziwika bwino omwe amayesa pawokha pamagetsi a solar ndikufalitsa poyera zotsatira za mayesowa. Musanayambe kugula, mukhoza kulowa dzina ndi chitsanzo cha solar panel ndikupeza momwe gulu la dzuwa likufananira ndi makhalidwe omwe atchulidwa. Laboratory yoyamba ndi ndipo chachiwiri . Ngati wopanga gulu sali pamndandandawu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuganizira zamtundu. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti gululo ndi loyipa. Kungoti mtunduwo ukhoza kukhala OEM, ndipo chopangacho chimapanganso mapanelo ena. Mulimonsemo, kupezeka pamndandanda wa ma laboratorieswa kukuwonetsa kale kuti simukugula ma solar panels kuchokera kwa wopanga ntchentche-usiku.
Chosankha changa chopangira magetsi adzuwa
Musanayambe kugula, ndi bwino kufotokozera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayikidwa pamagetsi a dzuwa, kuti musalipire zomwe zili zosafunika komanso kuti musamawononge ndalama zomwe sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Apa ndipitiliza kuchita, momwe ndidachita ndekha. Poyamba, cholinga ndi zoyambira: m'mudzi magetsi amachotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa theka la ola mpaka maola 8. Kuzimitsa kumachitika kamodzi pamwezi kapena masiku angapo motsatizana. Ntchito: kupatsa nyumba mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi yonseyi ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito panthawi yotseka netiweki yakunja. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chitetezo chachikulu ndi machitidwe othandizira moyo ayenera kugwira ntchito, ndiko kuti: malo opopera, mavidiyo owonetsetsa ndi ma alarm system, rauta, seva ndi makina onse opangira maukonde, kuyatsa ndi makompyuta, ndi firiji iyenera kugwira ntchito. Sekondale: ma TV, machitidwe osangalatsa, zida zamagetsi (chotchera udzu, chodulira, pampu yothirira m'munda). Mutha kuzimitsa: chowotcha, ketulo yamagetsi, chitsulo ndi zida zina zotenthetsera komanso zowononga kwambiri, zomwe sizili zofunika nthawi yomweyo. Ketulo ikhoza kuwiritsidwa pa chitofu cha gasi ndikusita pambuyo pake.
Nthawi zambiri, mutha kugula magetsi adzuwa pamalo amodzi. Ogulitsa ma solar amagulitsanso zida zonse zofananira, kotero ndidayamba kusaka ndi ma solar monga poyambira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino ndi TopRay Solar. Pali ndemanga zabwino za iwo ndi zochitika zenizeni zogwirira ntchito ku Russia, makamaka ku Krasnodar Territory, kumene amadziwa zambiri za dzuwa. Ku Russian Federation pali wofalitsa wovomerezeka ndi ogulitsa ndi chigawo, pa malo omwe tawatchulawa omwe ali ndi ma laboratories oyesa ma solar solar, chizindikiro ichi chilipo ndipo sichinakhalepo, ndiko kuti, mukhoza kuchitenga. Kuphatikiza apo, kampani yomwe imagulitsa mapanelo adzuwa, TopRay, imapanganso owongolera ake ndi zida zamagetsi zopangira misewu: machitidwe oyang'anira magalimoto, magetsi amtundu wa LED, zikwangwani zowunikira, owongolera dzuwa, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa cha chidwi, ndidawafunsanso kupanga kwawo - ndizapamwamba kwambiri paukadaulo ndipo pali atsikana omwe amadziwa njira yolumikizira chitsulo cholumikizira. Zimachitika!
Ndi mndandanda wa zokhumba zanga, ndinatembenukira kwa iwo ndikuwapempha kuti andikonzere makonzedwe angapo: okwera mtengo komanso otsika mtengo kwa nyumba yanga. Ndinafunsidwa mafunso angapo omveka bwino okhudza mphamvu zosungidwa, kupezeka kwa ogula, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso nthawi zonse. Zotsirizirazi zidakhala zosayembekezereka kwa ine: nyumba yomwe ili munjira yopulumutsa mphamvu, pomwe makina owonera makanema okha, makina otetezera, ma intaneti ndi ma network akugwira ntchito, amadya 300-350 W. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngakhale palibe amene amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kunyumba, mpaka 215 kWh pamwezi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamkati. Apa ndipamene mungaganize zopanga kafukufuku wamagetsi. Ndipo mudzayamba kutulutsa ma charger, ma TV, ndi mabokosi apamwamba kuchokera kumasoketi, omwe amadya pang'ono poyimilira, koma amadyabe mphamvu zokwanira.
Sindidzadandaula nazo, ndinakhazikika pamtengo wotsika mtengo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mpaka theka la ndalama zopangira magetsi zimatha kutengedwa ndi mtengo wa mabatire. Mndandanda wa zida ndi motere:
- -9 ma PC
- 5kW Single Phase Hybrid Inverter -1 ma PC
- Battery -4 ma PC
Kuonjezera apo, ndinapatsidwa mwayi wogula makina opangira magetsi oyendera dzuwa padenga, koma nditatha kuyang'ana zithunzi, ndinaganiza zopanga zopangira zopangira kunyumba ndikusunga ndalama. Koma ndinaganiza zosonkhanitsa ndekha dongosololi ndipo sindinayese kuyesetsa komanso nthawi, ndipo oyikapo amagwira ntchito ndi machitidwewa nthawi zonse ndikutsimikizira zotsatira zachangu komanso zapamwamba. Chifukwa chake dzisankhirani nokha: ndizosangalatsa komanso zosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi zomangira za fakitale, ndipo yankho langa ndilotsika mtengo.
Kodi malo opangira magetsi a dzuwa amapereka chiyani?
Zida izi zimatha kutulutsa mphamvu mpaka 5 kW mumayendedwe odziyimira pawokha - izi ndizomwe ndidasankha inverter yagawo limodzi. Ngati mugula inverter yemweyo ndi gawo la mawonekedwe ake, mutha kuwonjezera mphamvu ku 5 kW + 5 kW = 10 kW pagawo lililonse. Kapena mutha kupanga dongosolo la magawo atatu, koma pakadali pano ndikukhutira ndi izi. Inverter ndi yokwera kwambiri, motero imakhala yopepuka (pafupifupi 15 kg) ndipo imatenga malo pang'ono - imatha kukwera pakhoma. Ili kale ndi olamulira a 2 MPPT omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya 2,5 kW iliyonse yomangidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndikhoza kuwonjezera mapanelo ambiri popanda kugula zipangizo zina.
Ndili ndi mapanelo a dzuwa a 2520 W molingana ndi dzina, koma chifukwa cha kusanja koyenera kwambiri amatulutsa zochepa - kuchuluka komwe ndidawona kunali 2400 W. Ngodya yabwino kwambiri ndi yolunjika ku dzuwa, lomwe m'magawo athu ndi pafupifupi madigiri 45 kupita kuchizimezime. Makanema anga amaikidwa pa madigiri 30.
Gulu la batri ndi 100A * h 48V, ndiye kuti, 4,8 kW * h yasungidwa, koma ndizosafunika kwambiri kuti mutenge mphamvu zonse, kuyambira pamenepo chuma chawo chachepetsedwa. Ndikoyenera kutulutsa mabatire oterowo osapitilira 50%. Izi lithiamu iron phosphate kapena lithiamu titanate zitha kulipitsidwa ndikutulutsidwa mozama komanso ndi mafunde apamwamba, pomwe ma lead-acid, akhale madzi, gel kapena AGM, ndikwabwino kusakakamiza. Chifukwa chake, ndili ndi theka la mphamvu, yomwe ndi 2,4 kWh, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi maola 8 munjira yodziyimira yokha popanda dzuwa. Izi ndizokwanira usiku wogwirira ntchito kwa machitidwe onse ndipo padzakhalabe theka la mphamvu ya batri yomwe yatsala kuti ikhale yadzidzidzi. M'mawa dzuwa lidzatuluka kale ndikuyamba kulipira batire, panthawi imodzimodziyo ndikupatsa nyumba mphamvu. Ndiko kuti, nyumbayo imatha kugwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha ngati mphamvu yachepa komanso nyengo ili bwino. Kuti mukhale odziyimira pawokha, mutha kuwonjezera mabatire ambiri ndi jenereta. Ndipotu, m'nyengo yozizira pali dzuwa lochepa kwambiri ndipo simungathe kuchita popanda jenereta.
Ndikuyamba kutolera
Musanayambe kugula ndi kusonkhanitsa, m'pofunika kuwerengera dongosolo lonse kuti musalakwitse ndi malo a machitidwe onse ndi chingwe. Kuchokera ku mapanelo a dzuwa kupita ku inverter ndili ndi pafupifupi 25-30 mamita ndipo ndinayika mawaya awiri osinthika ndi gawo la 6 sq. mm pasadakhale, popeza adzatumiza voteji mpaka 100V ndi 25-30A yamakono. Mphepete mwamagawo awa adasankhidwa kuti achepetse kutayika pawaya ndikukulitsa kuperekera mphamvu ku zida. Ndidadziyika okha ma solar pazitsogozo zopanga kunyumba zopangidwa ndi ngodya za aluminiyamu ndikuziphatikiza ndi zomangira zopangira tokha. Pofuna kuteteza gululo kuti lisagwere pansi, mabawuti a 30mm amaloza m'mwamba pakona ya aluminiyamu moyang'anizana ndi gulu lililonse, ndipo amakhala ngati "mbeza" ya mapanelo. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa iwo sawoneka, koma akupitiriza kunyamula katundu.
Mapanelo adzuwa adasonkhanitsidwa kukhala midadada itatu yokhala ndi mapanelo atatu iliyonse. Mu midadada, mapanelo olumikizidwa mu mndandanda - motere voteji anakwezedwa 3V popanda katundu ndipo panopa anachepetsedwa, kutanthauza kuti mukhoza kusankha mawaya a ang'onoang'ono mtanda gawo. midadada olumikizidwa mu kufanana wina ndi mzake ntchito zolumikizira wapadera kuti kuonetsetsa kukhudzana bwino ndi zolimba kugwirizana - wotchedwa MC115. Ndidawagwiritsanso ntchito kulumikiza mawaya ku chowongolera cha solar, popeza amapereka kulumikizana kodalirika komanso kutsegulidwa mwachangu kwa dera kuti akonze.
Kenako timapita ku kukhazikitsa m'nyumba. Mabatire amaperekedwa kale ndi charger yanzeru yamagalimoto kuti agwirizane ndi magetsi ndipo amalumikizidwa mndandanda kuti apereke 48V. Kenako, amalumikizidwa ndi inverter ndi chingwe chokhala ndi gawo la 25 mm lalikulu. Mwa njira, mukayamba kulumikiza batire ku inverter, padzakhala kuwala kowoneka bwino kwa olumikizana nawo. Ngati simunaphatikizepo polarity, ndiye kuti zonse zili bwino - inverter ili ndi ma capacitor okhazikika ndipo amayamba kulipira pomwe amalumikizidwa ndi mabatire. Mphamvu yayikulu ya inverter ndi 5000 W, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zomwe zimatha kudutsa waya kuchokera ku batri zidzakhala 100-110A. Chingwe chosankhidwa ndi chokwanira kuti chigwire bwino ntchito. Pambuyo polumikiza batire, mutha kulumikiza maukonde akunja ndi katundu kunyumba. Mawaya amamangiriridwa ku midadada yomaliza: gawo, ndale, pansi. Chilichonse apa ndi chosavuta komanso chomveka, koma ngati sikuli bwino kuti mukonzenso malowa, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuyika kulumikizana kwa dongosololi kwa akatswiri odziwa zamagetsi. Chabwino, chinthu chomaliza ndikugwirizanitsa mapanelo a dzuwa: apa, inunso, muyenera kusamala ndipo musasokoneze polarity. Ndi mphamvu ya 2,5 kW ndi kugwirizana kolakwika, wowongolera dzuwa adzawotcha nthawi yomweyo. Ndinganene chiyani: ndi mphamvu zotere, mutha kuwotcherera mwachindunji kuchokera ku mapanelo adzuwa, popanda inverter yowotcherera. Izi sizingawongolere thanzi la ma solar, koma mphamvu ya dzuwa ndiyabwino kwambiri. Popeza ndimagwiritsanso ntchito zolumikizira za MC4, ndizosatheka kutembenuza polarity pakukhazikitsa koyenera koyambirira.
Chilichonse chikugwirizana, kudina kamodzi kosinthira ndipo inverter imalowa mumayendedwe: apa muyenera kukhazikitsa mtundu wa batri, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito, mafunde othamanga, ndi zina zotero. Pali malangizo omveka bwino a izi, ndipo ngati mungathe kulimbana ndi kukhazikitsa rauta, ndiye kuti kukhazikitsa inverter sikungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Mukungoyenera kudziwa magawo a batri ndikuwakonza moyenera kuti azitha nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pake, hmm... Pambuyo pake pamabwera gawo losangalatsa.
Kugwira ntchito kwa hybrid solar power plant
Pambuyo poyambitsa makina opangira magetsi a dzuΕ΅a, ine ndi banja langa tinasintha makhalidwe athu ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati poyamba makina ochapira kapena otsuka mbale anayamba pambuyo pa 23 koloko madzulo, pamene mtengo wausiku mu gridi yamagetsi unagwira ntchito, tsopano ntchito zowononga mphamvuzi zimasunthidwa mpaka tsiku, chifukwa makina ochapira amawononga 500-2100 W panthawi ya ntchito, chotsuka mbale chimawononga 400-2100 W. Chifukwa chiyani kufalikira koteroko? Chifukwa mapampu ndi ma mota amadya pang'ono, koma zotenthetsera madzi zimakhala ndi njala yamphamvu kwambiri. Kuwongolera kunakhalanso "kopindulitsa" komanso kosangalatsa masana: chipindacho chimakhala chopepuka kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu ya dzuwa imaphimba kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha kupanga mphamvu kuchokera kumagetsi a dzuwa. Kumayambiriro kwa m'mawa kumawoneka bwino, pamene makina ochapira anali kugwira ntchito ndi kuwononga mphamvu zambiri - mphamvuyi inapangidwa ndi magetsi a dzuwa.
Masiku oyamba ndidapita ku inverter kangapo kuti ndikayang'ane mawonekedwe am'badwo ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Kenako ndinayika zofunikira pa seva yanga yakunyumba, yomwe imawonetsa mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito inverter ndi magawo onse a gridi yamagetsi munthawi yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, chithunzithunzi chikuwonetsa kuti nyumbayo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoposa 2 kW (chinthu champhamvu cha AC) ndipo mphamvu zonsezi zimabwerekedwa ku mapanelo adzuwa (PV1 athandizira mphamvu). Ndiko kuti, inverter, ikugwira ntchito mu hybrid mode ndi mphamvu yochokera kudzuwa, imaphimba kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera kudzuwa. Kodi ichi si chimwemwe? Tsiku lililonse gawo latsopano la kupanga mphamvu linkawonekera patebulo ndipo izi sizikanatha koma kusangalala. Ndipo pamene magetsi anadulidwa m'mudzi wonse, ndinapeza za izo kokha kuchokera ku squeak ya inverter, yomwe inandidziwitsa kuti ikugwira ntchito yodziimira yokha. Kwa nyumba yonse, izi zinatanthauza chinthu chimodzi chokha: tikukhala monga kale, pamene oyandikana nawo amatunga madzi ndi ndowa.
Koma pali ma nuances ena oti mukhale ndi magetsi a dzuwa kunyumba:
- Ndinayamba kuona kuti mbalamezi zimakonda ma solar ndipo zikawulukira pamwamba pawo, zimasangalala ndi kupezeka kwa zipangizo zamakono mβmudzimo. Ndiko kuti, nthawi zina mapanelo a dzuwa amafunikabe kutsukidwa kuti achotse zotsalira ndi fumbi. Ndikuganiza kuti ngati atayikidwa pa madigiri 45, zotsalira zonse zikangokokoloka ndi mvula. Kutulutsa kwamitundu yambiri ya mbalame sikutsika konse, koma ngati mbali ina ya gululo ili ndi mthunzi, kutsika kwake kumawonekera. Ndinaona zimenezi dzuΕ΅a litayamba kuloΕ΅a ndipo mthunzi wa padenga unayamba kuphimba mapanelowo limodzi ndi linzake. Ndiye kuti, ndi bwino kuyika mapanelo kutali ndi zida zonse zomwe zingawapangire mthunzi. Koma ngakhale madzulo, ndi kuwala kosiyana, mapanelowo ankatulutsa mawati mazana angapo.
- Ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya solar panels ndi kupopera kwa 700 Watts kapena kupitilira apo, inverter imayatsa mafani mwachangu ndipo amamveka ngati chitseko cha chipinda chaukadaulo chatseguka. Apa mutha kutseka chitseko kapena kuyika inverter pakhoma pogwiritsa ntchito ma daping pads. M'malo mwake, palibe chosayembekezereka: zamagetsi zilizonse zimawotcha panthawi yogwira ntchito. Mukungoyenera kuganizira kuti inverter sayenera kupachikidwa pamalo omwe angasokoneze phokoso la ntchito yake.
- Pulogalamu ya eni ake imatha kutumiza zidziwitso kudzera pa imelo kapena SMS ngati chochitika chilichonse chichitika: kuyatsa / kuzimitsa netiweki yakunja, batire yotsika, ndi zina zambiri. Koma ntchitoyo imagwira ntchito pa doko la SMTP losatetezedwa 25, ndi mauthenga onse amakono a imelo, monga gmail.com kapena mail.ru, amagwira ntchito pa doko lotetezedwa 465. Izi ndizo, tsopano, zidziwitso za imelo sizifika, koma ndikufuna .
Osati kunena kuti mfundozi zimakhumudwitsa mwanjira ina, chifukwa munthu ayenera kuyesetsa nthawi zonse kuti akhale wangwiro, koma kudziimira kwa mphamvu komwe kulipo kuli koyenera.
Pomaliza
Ndikukhulupirira kuti iyi si nkhani yanga yomaliza yokhudzana ndi makina anga opanga magetsi oyendera dzuwa. Zochitika zogwirira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka zidzakhaladi zosiyana, koma ndikudziwa motsimikiza kuti ngakhale magetsi atayika pa Tsiku la Chaka Chatsopano, padzakhala kuwala m'nyumba mwanga. Kutengera zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi adzuwa, ndinganene kuti zinali zoyenerera. Kuzimitsidwa kwa ma netiweki angapo kunja sikunawonekere. Ndidadziwa zambiri kudzera pamayimbidwe a anansi ndi funso "Kodi inunso mulibe kuwala?" Ziwerengero zoyendetsera magetsi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kochotsa UPS pakompyuta, podziwa kuti ngakhale mphamvu itazimitsa, zonse zipitilira kugwira ntchito ndizabwino. Chabwino, pamene ife potsiriza apereka lamulo pa kuthekera kwa anthu kugulitsa magetsi kwa maukonde, ine ndidzakhala woyamba kufunsira ntchito imeneyi, chifukwa inverter ndi wokwanira kusintha mfundo imodzi ndi mphamvu zonse kwaiye, koma osadyedwa. ndi nyumba, ndigulitsa ku netiweki ndikupeza ndalama. Nthawi zambiri, zidakhala zosavuta, zogwira mtima komanso zosavuta. Ndine wokonzeka kuyankha mafunso anu ndikulimbana ndi kuzunzidwa kwa otsutsa omwe amatsimikizira aliyense kuti m'madera athu magetsi a dzuwa ndi chidole.
Source: www.habr.com