Kusintha kwa mfundo zolimbikitsa komanso zolimbikitsa pakupanga machitidwe azidziwitso ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba kwambiri zikukula. Kuwonjezera pa zachikale, i.e. mawonekedwe achuma-kapitalisti, mitundu ina idakhalapo kalekale ndipo ikuchulukirachulukira. Zaka zana zapitazo, IBM yayikulu, monga gawo la pulogalamu yake ya "Share", idayitanitsa kusinthana kwaulele kwa mapulogalamu ake opangidwa ndi opanga mapulogalamu a chipani chachitatu (osati pazifukwa zachifundo, koma izi sizisintha kwenikweni pulogalamu).
Masiku ano: bizinesi yachitukuko, kuchulukana kwa anthu, "Timalemba ma code pamodzi" ("Social Coding", GitHub ndi malo ena ochezera a pa Intaneti kwa omanga), mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilolezo za mapulojekiti a Freeware Open Source, kusinthana kwa malingaliro ndi kusinthana kwaulere kwa chidziwitso, matekinoloje, mapulogalamu.
Njira yatsopano yolumikizirana "Social work and open design" ndi lingaliro lachidziwitso chake (tsamba lawebusayiti) likufunsidwa. Timakumana ndi chiyambi chatsopano (ngati chiri chatsopano). Ndondomeko ya njira yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa: kugwirizanitsa, kugwirizanitsa ntchito, kutseguka, kupanga mgwirizano, kusonkhanitsa anthu, kusonkhanitsa ndalama, bungwe la sayansi la ntchito (SLO), kukhazikika ndi mgwirizano, kufotokozera mayankho, ntchito ndi zolimbikitsa zopanda ndalama, kusinthanitsa kwaulere luso ndi machitidwe abwino copyleft, Open Source, Freeware ndi "zonse-zonse".
1 Chilengedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito
Tiyeni tilingalire mawonekedwe: zachifundo, mabizinesi akale, bizinesi yodalirika ndi anthu (zamabizinesi akale ndi zachifundo), bizinesi yachitukuko (malonda okhudzana ndi anthu).
Ndi bizinesi ndi zachifundo, ndizomveka bwino.
Bizinesi yoyang'anira chikhalidwe cha anthu imakhazikika pazovuta komanso osati zoona nthawi zonse (pali zopatulapo), koma chitsanzo chomveka bwino: pamene oligarch adabera anthu a mumzinda wake (dziko), adasokoneza bwalo laling'ono la mzinda, kukhala woyamba, ndithudi, adadzigulira zinyumba zingapo ndi ma yacht apamwamba, gulu lamasewera ndi zina zotero.
Kapena adapanga maziko othandizira (mwina ndi cholinga chokweza misonkho ya bizinesi yake).
Mabizinesi a anthu ndi, monga lamulo, "bizinesi yothandizidwa" yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa mavuto a anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo: ana amasiye, mabanja akulu, opuma pantchito, ndi olumala.
Ngakhale kuti "mabizinesi okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu" makamaka ndi zachifundo komanso chachiwiri pakupanga ndalama, ndalama zazikulu zamabizinesi aku Russia zidapangidwanso ndi ndalama (malipiro) kuchokera kwa oligarchs. Mabizinesi okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsidwa ndi zachifundo podzipezera okha ndalama, motero, imakhalanso bizinesi (wamalonda = wochita bizinesi).
Ena a HabrΓ© amanena zimenezo
Mutha kuwonanso zitsanzo zama projekiti pamenepo.
Social Work and Open Design - kapena STOP - ili ndi filosofi yosiyana pang'ono. Mawonekedwewa ndi a iwo omwe sali okonzeka kuthandiza ena, komanso akufuna kukonza zochita zawo ndi zochitika za omwe ali nawo (gulu lonse) moyenera momwe angathere.
Ntchitoyi ikufuna kupeza bwino kwambiri pamaphunziro ndi kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito gulu (kusonkhanitsa), mapangidwe otseguka (kasamalidwe ka polojekiti yapagulu), kukhazikika ndi kugwirizana kwa mayankho apangidwe, kukulitsa malingaliro ndikumanga nsanja zapadziko lonse lapansi zozikidwa pa iwo, kubwereza kwa ma projekiti okhazikika. ndi kubwereka njira zabwinoko (zochita) m'malo mokhazikika "kubwezeretsanso gudumu", i.e. kugwiritsanso ntchito ntchito za ena.
Kumayambiriro kwa gululi, likuyenera kuchita chitukuko pagulu: zochita zothandiza kwambiri pagulu nthawi zambiri zimatengera mfundo za anthu. Kusunthaku kumatengera njira zotsatirazi:
x-ntchito (co-working, etc.), x - sourcing (crowdsourcing, etc.), kukopa akatswiri onse - altruists (madivelopa akatswiri) ndi novice akatswiri (ophunzira) ku ntchito, i.e. "Misa ndi luso ndiye mwambi ...". Chigawo chofunikira ndi bungwe la sayansi la ntchito.
Lingaliro la "Social work and open design" lingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana a moyo wa anthu, koma apa tidzadziletsa ku IT sphere. Chifukwa chake, nthambi ya STOP yokhudzana ndi IT (yochita zokha) imatchedwanso STOPIT: pulojekiti ya STOP pamitu ya IT. Ngakhale uku ndikugawanika kovomerezeka, chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, matekinoloje oyendetsera ntchito ndi ndondomeko zimatengedwa ngati "IT", koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati muzochita zokha.
Pali mawonekedwe ofanana, mwachitsanzo, ndi pulojekiti yophunzitsa anthu yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe osapindula ndi akatswiri a IT.
Komabe, STOPIT - imayang'ana pa "zofuna ndi zotsatsa" zilizonse zokhudzana ndi IT. STOPIT si ntchito yophunzitsa chabe, sikuti ndi "mgwirizano pakati pa gawo lopanda phindu ndi akatswiri a IT" ndi ena "osati okha".
Ntchito zachitukuko ndi mapangidwe otseguka ndizowonjezera IT zamtundu watsopano wazamalonda, pomwe mawu oti "entrepreneurship" amasinthidwa bwino ndi "ntchito."
2 Lingaliro la "Social work and open design" ndi zolimbikitsa
Ntchito
Lingaliro la STOPIT IT wowonjezera kutentha limaphatikizapo maudindo atatu: Makasitomala, Mkhalapakati, Wochita. Wogula amapanga "zofuna", kapena ndendende, amafunsa ndikukhazikitsa "zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika." Makasitomala ndi kampani kapena munthu aliyense amene akufuna kuthana ndi vuto linalake lomwe akukumana nalo. Pankhaniyi, automate chinachake.
Wopanga amapanga "malingaliro", i.e. amadziwitsa "zomwe ali wokonzeka kuchita." Wopanga makontrakitala ndi kampani, gulu la omanga, kapena wongopanga mapulogalamu omwe ali okonzeka, nthawi zambiri, "mwakufuna" (kwaulere) kuti athetse vuto kwa Makasitomala.
Mkhalapakati ndi mutu womwe umalumikiza "zofuna" ndi "kupereka" ndikuwongolera yankho la vuto, kukhutitsidwa kwa Makasitomala ndi Wopanga makontrakitala. Kukhutitsidwa kwa Contractor mwiniyo ndikofunikira, chifukwa Nthawi zambiri, tikukamba za ntchito "mwaufulu." M'malo mwa mfundo yakuti: "Ndalama zimalandiridwa chifukwa cha ntchitoyi, koma udzu sudzamera kumeneko," pamenepa chinthucho chimayamba kugwira ntchito yomwe Wogwirizanitsa ali ndi chidwi choyambitsa mankhwala ake pogwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa zopanda ndalama. Ndipo nthawi zina izi zimakhala "zokwera mtengo kuposa ndalama."
Mwa njira, teknoloji ya STOPIT imagonjetsa mosavuta vuto lina la dongosolo lamakono la IT: ngati Makasitomala akhutitsidwa, ndiye kuti polojekitiyi ikuwoneka yopambana ngakhale kuti cholinga cha kutsata njira yothetsera vutoli ndi ntchito yomwe wapatsidwa. Kwa ife, ulamuliro wa anthu udzawulula izi, ndipo kuwunika kwa anthu za kupambana kwa polojekitiyo sikudzakhazikitsidwa osati pa mfundo yotchuka "simuyenera kuganizira za ubwino wa polojekitiyo ngati inu ndi Makasitomala mukugona. pamodzi ndi saladi yomweyo,β koma pa kapangidwe.
2.1 Kulimbikitsa Makasitomala
Nthawi zonse mumafuna kupeza makina odzipangira okha kwaulere kapena "pafupifupi mfulu", omwe mulibe ndalama kapena "sizikudziwika kuti ndi ndani amene angasankhe", chifukwa ... βwogulitsa aliyense amayamika katundu wakeβ (ngakhale katunduyo atakhala wopanda pake). Kwa ambiri, mtengo wama projekiti a IT wakhala woletsedwa. Kodi ndingapeze kuti mayankho osavuta agulu la Open Source Freeware ndi chida chotsika mtengo chothandizira ndikukonzanso kotsatira?
Nthawi zina ntchito zanthawi imodzi zimafunikira kapena ntchito ndikuyang'ana "ndizofunikira", "zimagwira ntchito bwanji". Mwachitsanzo, kampani ilibe ofesi ya polojekiti, koma ndikufuna kumvetsetsa momwe polojekitiyi ikanakhalira ikanakhalapo. "Woyang'anira polojekiti yakunja" (woyang'anira polojekiti), mwachitsanzo, wophunzira kapena freelancer, amalembedwa ntchito mwaufulu.
Mkati mwa lingaliro la STOPIT, Makasitomala amalandira yankho lokonzeka ku vuto lake ndi code source, chilolezo chaulere, kuthekera kobwerezabwereza, kukulitsa malingaliro a zomangamanga, ndi code yolembedwa. Monga gawo la zokambirana za kukhazikitsa, adatha kuwona njira zina zothetsera ndikusankha yekha (kuvomerezana ndi chisankho).
Tikuyembekeza kuti njira yomwe ikufunsidwa idzayambitsa zotsatirazi: ngati mabungwe angapo akuyenera kuthetsa vuto lofanana (onse amafuna chinthu chomwecho), ndiye kuti m'pofunika kuyesetsa kupanga njira yothetsera (kapena nsanja) ndi kuthetsa vutoli. vuto pamaziko ake, i.e. Adasonkhana pamodzi, adapanga yankho lofunikira palimodzi, kenako aliyense adadzipangira yekha njira yawoyawo (anayisintha).
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kuchulukana ndalama ndizotheka, kapena kungosiyana kogwirira ntchito limodzi pa ntchito imodzi molingana ndi mfundo: "mutu umodzi ndi wabwino, koma awiri ndi abwino" kapena kudzera mu mgwirizano wokakamizidwa monga: Ndikuthandizani ndi polojekiti yanu, ndipo mudzatero. ndithandizeni ndi zanga, chifukwa Muli ndi luso langa, ndipo ndili ndi luso pantchito yanu.
Makasitomala amaperekedwa ndi zofunikira, koma sitikuziganizirabe (makamaka zofunika kuulula mbiri ya kukhazikitsidwa, kukhalabe ndi cholozera cholakwika, ndi zina zotero).
2.2 Chilimbikitso cha Wopanga
Kalasi yoyambira ya Osewera, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha STOPIT, akuyenera kukhala magulu a polojekiti ya ophunzira. Ndikofunikira kuti wophunzira: agwiritse ntchito vuto lenileni, apeze chidziwitso chothandiza, aone kuti ntchito yake siinalowe mu zinyalala, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito (ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kubweretsa phindu kwa anthu).
Mwina ndi kofunika kuti wophunzira alembe bukhu la zolemba za ntchito (zochitikira zolembera), kuphatikizapo mapulojekiti enieni mu mbiri yake ("mbiri yabwino" kuyambira chaka choyamba cha yunivesite), ndi zina zotero.
Mwina wodzipangira yekha akufuna kuphatikiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekitiyi (kampaniyi) mu mbiri yake ndipo ali wokonzeka kugwira ntchito kwaulere.
Ngati ndi kotheka, Mkhalapakati atha kukonza kuyang'anira ntchito kapena kupereka mlangizi wodziwa zambiri kuti awonetsetse kuti pali njira zothetsera mavuto ndi opanga oyambira. Pankhaniyi, cholinga cha wophunzira kapena freelancer yemweyo akhoza kukhazikika pakugwira ntchito ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa "guru wotchuka" woperekedwa ku polojekitiyi.
Chifukwa chake, Doers sikuti ndi odzipereka komanso othandizira, ngakhale opanga akatswiri amatha kugwa pansi pa tanthauzoli. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zotsirizirazi mkati mwa dongosolo la STOPIT monga gulu la alangizi (alangizi) kapena okonza mapulani akuluakulu kapena kuwakopa kuti achite "ntchito zachitsanzo" zomwe zimakweza chithunzi cha malo enieni a STOPIT.
Mayunivesite omwe akutenga nawo gawo mu STOPIT azitha kumvetsetsa bwino zovuta zenizeni zomwe omaliza maphunziro awo adzafunika kuthana nazo. Oyang'anira eniwo azitha kulembedwa ntchito kuti azithandizira zomwe akupanga (mapulogalamu). Maziko amatha kukonza mpikisano ndikulimbikitsa Ochita bwino kwambiri (Mayunivesite), kuphatikiza kudzera mu thumba lapadera la zopereka kuchokera kwa Makasitomala okha, omwe angapereke "ku chisangalalo" cha chida chaulere, koma chothandiza kwambiri (pulogalamu) kwa iwo.
Kawirikawiri, kwa wophunzira, "chimwemwe No. 1" ndi pamene amathetsa kale mavuto othandiza pa sukulu, i.e. osati zongopeka, koma zenizeni (ngakhale ngati samaliza kapena kungomaliza gawo lalikulu la ntchito). "Chimwemwe No. 2" - pamene polojekiti yake inali yothandiza kwambiri m'moyo (inagwiritsidwa ntchito), i.e. ntchito yake "siyinatayidwe m'mbiya ya zinyalala" atangoteteza ntchitoyi. Bwanji ngati, kuwonjezera pa izi, pali ndalama zochepa zolimbikitsira?
Ndipo osati zandalama: thumba lachilimbikitso litha kukhala ndi ntchito zophunzirira, maphunziro (maphunziro apamwamba), ndi maphunziro ena omwe amalipira kale kapena osaphunzitsidwa.
Udindo weniweni wa "altruist-philanthropist" uyenera kupezekanso mu STOPIT. The egoist ndi yake, altruist ndi anthu. misanthrope ndi misanthrope, philanthropist ndi wokonda anthu. Wodzipereka komanso wokonda kuthandiza anthu kuti apindule, kuyika zofuna za ena pamwamba pazawo. Onse amakonda anthu ndipo amawathandiza. Ichi ndi gwero lamphamvu lomwe silinapezebe njira yake muzochita zazikulu za IT.
2.3 Magulu a polojekiti ya ophunzira ndi chiyembekezo chakusintha kwasayansi ndiukadaulo wapakhomo
Ndikufuna kutsindika kuti si magulu a polojekiti ya ophunzira okha omwe amaganiziridwa ngati Otsogolera ntchito za STOPIT, koma chiyembekezo chapadera chimayikidwa pa iwo pa kusintha kwa sayansi ndi zamakono (STR). Kudzipatula kwamakono kwa njira yophunzirira kuchokera ku kupanga, kusowa kwa kumvetsetsa kwa ogwira ntchito yophunzitsa za ntchito zenizeni za kupanga ndi vuto la maphunziro amakono apakhomo. Mu USSR, chifukwa cha "kumiza kwambiri" kwa ophunzira pakupanga, adabwera ndi madipatimenti oyambira m'mabizinesi ndi mabungwe ofufuza.
Masiku ano, ena adakalipo, koma "Zotsatira Zazikulu" zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa sizinachitike.
Ndi "Zotsatira Zazikulu" ndikutanthauza chinachake "chotseguka ndi chachikulu, i.e. zothandiza anthu pamlingo wa mapulaneti.β Mofanana ndi mabungwe akumadzulo, mwachitsanzo, "X windows system" yowonetsera seva, yopangidwa mu 1984 ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ndi dera lonse la MIT laisensi.
Ophunzira athu sangathe kuchita zamatsenga ngati izi:
Mwinamwake lingaliro lomwe la maphunziro apamwamba liyenera kusinthidwa, mwachitsanzo, kukonzanso m'njira ya Kumadzulo: masukulu a maphunziro ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi malo ofufuza. Izi zitha kudzetsa chitonzo chakuti zonse zomwe MIT zakwaniritsa ndi zina zofananira ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi malo opangira zatsopano m'masukulu, koma mulimonse, mabungwe athu ofufuza sangadzitamande ndi chilichonse chonga chimenecho.
Mu lingaliro ili, STOPIT ikhoza kuonedwa ngati "chigamba chosakhalitsa" mpaka boma "lidzuke" ndikukumbukira kufunika kotsitsimutsa maphunziro apamwamba.
STOPIT itha kukhala ngati choyambira cha NTR. Mulimonsemo, zosintha - zonse mu maphunziro ndi njira zopangira ndi kukhazikitsa machitidwe odzipangira okha: mapangidwe otseguka, kubwereka, kugwirizanitsa-kugwirizanitsa, kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo yotseguka yamakina omanga, zomangamanga, zomanga, ndi zina zotero.
Mulimonsemo, kafukufuku wa labotale ndi luso lothandizira, komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri (komanso "sichoncho") kukhazikitsa, kuyambira pamaphunziro oyamba, ndiye chinsinsi cha maphunziro apamwamba.
Pakali pano, tiyenera kuwerenga ndi chisoni izi:
Ndine wophunzira wa ku yunivesite ya chaka cha 2, ndikuphunzira zapadera za Applied Mathematics ndi Computer Science, ndipo bwino ndithu, ndimalandira maphunziro owonjezereka. Koma, tsiku lina labwino, ndinazindikira kuti zomwe ndinali kuphunzitsidwa zinayamba kundilemetsa ndipo zinakhala zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Patapita nthawi, panabuka lingaliro: bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito zina mwazinthu zanu, kupeza kutchuka ndi ndalama (zotsirizirazo ndizokayikitsa, ndithudi). Koma. Sindikudziwa ngati ndine ndekha amene ndili ndi vutoli, osachepera sindinapeze kalikonse pa intaneti, koma sindingathe kusankha chomwe ndingachite. Dipatimentiyi idayimilira ndipo idati kafukufukuyu ...
Inde, sindikupempha malingaliro okonzeka, ndikupempha yankho la funso: ndingabwere bwanji ndekha?
Lingaliro kwa aphunzitsi: Chifukwa chiyani ophunzira a IT ayenera kulemedwa ndi ntchito zopeka (zopeka)? Mwinamwake muyenera kufunsa anzanu zomwe mapulojekiti a IT akuchitika pakampani yawo, zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika, ndi vuto liti lomwe lingathetse. Kenaka, phwanyani vutolo m'magawo ndikulipereka kwa gulu lonse ngati maphunziro a diploma ndi "kudula" mavuto malinga ndi kuwonongeka. Zotsatira zake zitha kuwonetsedwa kwa abwenzi: mwina angakane SAPSAS, ndi zina. ndi kusankha ntchito wophunzira pa Open Source copyleft injini?
Mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa "SAPSAS, etc." nthawi zina zingakhale molingana ndi mfundo yakuti "kuchokera mfuti kupita ku mpheta", i.e. Yankho losavuta lingakhale loyenera kuthetsa vutoli; Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma poyambitsa zoopsa zotere kumakhala koyipa nthawi zonse: chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wotheka pakukhazikitsa kotere nthawi zambiri samachitika konse, mochepera kusindikizidwa.
Ngakhale abwenzi anu atanena kuti "ayi," ndiye ingosindikizani yankho lanu ndi kufananiza ndi chinthu chopikisana - mwinamwake padzakhala wina amene angasankhe yankho lanu, ngati, ndithudi, ndi mpikisano. Zonsezi zitha kuchitika popanda STOPIT nsanja.
2.4 Zosankha zopambana
Vector yofunikira kwambiri iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi izi:
A) Tsegulani. Mapulogalamu ayenera kukhala otseguka komanso olembedwa bwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuwonjezera pa kulemba kachidindo, iyeneranso kukhala ndi zolemba za logic (algorithm), makamaka mu imodzi mwazolemba (BPMN, EPC, UML, etc.). "Open" - code source ilipo ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti pulojekitiyo idakhazikitsidwa pati komanso chilankhulo chotani: Visual Basic kapena Java.
B) Kwaulere. Anthu ambiri amafuna kuchita china chake chothandiza pagulu komanso chofunikira, chotseguka komanso chosinthika (chogwiritsa ntchito zambiri): kuti chikhale chothandiza kwa ambiri ndipo, osachepera, amati zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha izi.
Ngakhale anthu ena amafuna "zambiri" osati "Zikomo", mwachitsanzo, potchula laisensi ya "THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE" mwachindunji pamakhodi awo apulogalamu (tag "sarcasm"):
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Sub insertPicture(...
' "LICENSE YA BURGER-WARE" (Revision 42):
' <[email protected]> adalemba nambala iyi. Malingana ngati musunga chidziwitso ichi inu
' mukhoza kuchita chirichonse chimene inu mukufuna ndi zinthu izi. Ngati tidzakumana tsiku lina, ndipo mukuganiza
' Zinthu izi ndizofunika, mutha kundigulira burger pobwezera. π pa xxx
####################
Layisensi ya "THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE" ikhoza kukhala khadi loyimbira la polojekiti ya STOPIT. (humorware) zazikulu: Beerware, Pizzaware...
C) Sankhani ntchito zazikulu poyamba. Chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kukhala ntchito zomwe zilibe zenizeni, koma zogwiritsira ntchito: "ntchito zofunidwa kwambiri", zothetsedwa kudzera papulatifomu yotseguka (mwinamwake ndikusintha mwamakonda ngati kuli kofunikira).
D) Tengani "mawonedwe otakata" ndikupanga osati mapulogalamu okha, komanso miyezo: kukhazikika ndi chitukuko cha njira yothetsera vuto lamakampani. Chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kuperekedwa ku zothetsera (mapulogalamu, njira) zomwe, kuwonjezera pa chitsanzo chokhazikitsa, zimakhala ndi zinthu zovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, Kontrakitala amapereka yankho lokhazikika ndikuwonetsa momwe angasinthire ntchito inayake. Zotsatira zake, kutsindika kuli pa kufalikira kwa misa (kubwerezabwereza kangapo kutengera yankho lokhazikika - ngati njira ina "kubwezeretsanso gudumu"). Kukhazikika, kugwirizana ndi kusinthana kwa zochitika mosiyana ndi: "njira yotsekedwa ndi yapadera" ("sungani kasitomala pa mbedza"), kukakamiza wothandizira pulogalamu imodzi (wogulitsa).
2.5 Udindo wa Mkhalapakati
Udindo wa Mkhalapakati - wokonza (woyendetsa) wa malo osiyana STOPPIT ali motere (mu midadada).
Ofesi ya polojekiti: kupanga gulu la olamulira ndi magulu a ochita (zothandizira). Kusonkhanitsa malamulo, kupanga gwero la Contractors. Kuwunika kwa polojekiti (Kuyambira, Kupititsa patsogolo, etc.).
Katswiri wazamalonda. Kusanthula koyambirira kwa bizinesi. Kufotokozera koyambirira kwa ntchito, kuyesa kupanga ntchito wamba yomwe ingakhale yosangalatsa kwa makasitomala ambiri.
Chitsimikizo. Chitsimikizo cha kukwaniritsidwa kwa ma contract. Mwachitsanzo, Wopanga makontrakitala atha kukhazikitsa momwe angalandirire zochita pakukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosololi (ngati kukhazikitsidwa kwachitika bwino) kapena kutumiza patsamba la kampani pomwe yankho lake lidakhazikitsidwa nkhani (nkhani yokhala ndi chidziwitso cha Kontrakitala) kukhazikitsa (ndipo zilibe kanthu zomwe zili: zabwino kapena zovuta).
The Guarantor atha, kutengera mfundo ya "kupatukana kwa wopanga kuzinthu zake," kutsimikizira Makasitomala kuti nthawi zonse adzapeza gulu lothandizira polojekitiyi, mwachitsanzo, ngati Kontrakita akakana kuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwake kapena kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ake omwe.
Palinso mfundo zina zambiri (zambiri), mwachitsanzo, kubisa dzina la kampani ya Makasitomala pamagawo oyambirira a mapangidwe. Izi ndizofunikira kuti Makasitomala asalandire sipamu kuchokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo - malinga ndi njira ina ya "ndalama" (ndi kufuula: "Tchizi waulere ali mumsampha wa mbewa"). Ngati Makasitomala ali wokonzeka kulipira ndalama zophiphiritsira kwa Wopanga makontrakitala, ndiye kuti Mkhalapakati amakhala ngati mkhalapakati pakuthetsana. Ndikoyenera kuwonetsa zambiri mu charter ya polojekiti inayake kapena tchata cha malo enaake a STOPIT.
PR Ntchito zotsatsa: makalata opita kwa oyang'anira ndi mabwalo a ophunzira, media - kuyambitsa ndi kutenga nawo gawo pantchitoyo, kukwezedwa pa intaneti.
OTK. Kuwongolera kukhazikitsa. Mkhalapakati atha kuyesa koyambirira kwa dongosolo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa pama projekiti apawokha. Mukamaliza, konzekerani kuyang'anira ndondomeko ndikuchita kafukufuku.
Mkhalapakati akhoza kuyang'anira Alangizi, i.e. ngati pali zothandizira - akatswiri, alumikizitseni ku polojekiti yolangizira.
Mkhalapakati amatha kukonza mpikisano, mphotho, ndi zina zambiri kuti awonjezere chidwi cha Ochita. Pali zambiri zomwe zitha kuwonjezeredwa: izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuthekera (zothandizira) za Mkhalapakati.
2.6 Zotsatira zina za pulojekiti yomwe ikufunsidwa
Phatikizani ophunzira kuthetsa mavuto enieni ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Momwemo (m'tsogolomu), tidzayambitsa njira ya Kumadzulo m'masukulu athu, pamene magulu a ophunzira amapanga ndondomeko ya mafakitale, nsanja yotseguka (chimango), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga machitidwe omaliza a mafakitale.
Onjezani mulingo wokhazikika pakupanga machitidwe azidziwitso: kapangidwe kokhazikika, mayankho okhazikika, kukulitsa yankho lamalingaliro amodzi ndikumanga zingapo zokhazikitsidwa ndi izi, mwachitsanzo, pamainjini osiyanasiyana a CMS, DMS, wiki, ndi zina zambiri. khazikitsani muyezo wopangira dongosolo lotere ndi lotere, i.e. kupanga miyezo yamakampani kuti athetse vuto lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pangani nsanja kuti kuphatikiza kotunga ndi kufunika, ndi kukhazikitsa ntchitoyo adzakhala mwina mediocre kapena mtengo wophiphiritsa, komanso zosiyanasiyana zolimbikitsa options Mwachitsanzo, pamene kampani ganyu wophunzira wopambana thandizo luso la pulogalamu yake kapena popanda malipiro (pochita).
M'tsogolomu, n'zotheka kupanga mbadwo wotsatira wa mapulaneti okhudzana ndi mfundo za kutseguka, kukhazikika, kusonkhanitsa ndalama, koma pokhapokha polojekitiyo idzalipidwa, ndipo kubwereza kwake kudzaperekedwa kwa anthu, i.e. Anthu, kuphatikiza kampani iliyonse ndi munthu aliyense, atha kugwiritsa ntchito kwaulere. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu omwe ali pa nsanja yamalonda adzidziwitsa okha zomwe akufunikira poyamba komanso kwa omwe angapereke polojekitiyi (chitukuko "ndalama").
3 "Zipilala Zitatu" za Social Work ndi Open Design
A) Njira zamakono zogwirira ntchito
(zogwirizana ndi STOPIT)
Net - network + ntchito - kugwira ntchito. Ichi ndi ntchito yachitukuko komanso yaukadaulo yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga ubale wodalirika komanso wanthawi yayitali ndi anthu ndikuthandizirana mothandizidwa ndi gulu la abwenzi, odziwana nawo (kuphatikiza omwe amawadziwa kudzera pamasamba ochezera kapena mabwalo akatswiri), ndi anzawo.
Kulumikizana ndi maziko okhazikitsa maubwenzi ndi maubwenzi amalonda ndi anthu atsopano (othandizana nawo). Chofunika kwambiri pa intaneti ndi kupanga gulu la anthu komanso kufunitsitsa kukambirana za mavuto ake ndi ena, kupereka chithandizo (uphungu, kukambirana m'mabwalo). Malo onse ochezera a pa Intaneti amachokera pa izo.
Ndikofunika kukhulupirira Networking osati kuchita mantha kufunsa ena zothetsera vuto, kuwafunsa kuti athetse vuto lanu, komanso kupereka chidziwitso chanu ndi thandizo kwa ena.
M'lingaliro lalikulu, ndi njira yokonzekera ntchito za anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamalo amodzi; m'malo opapatiza - malo ofanana, ofesi yamagulu (yogawidwa), kwa ife malowa IMENE. Ili ndiye bungwe la zomangamanga zogwirira ntchito limodzi pansi pa mapulojekiti a STOPIT.
Tsiku lina ndizotheka kuti malo ogwirira ntchito a STOPIT adzawonekera, koma pakadali pano iyi ndi nsanja yokhayo ya STOPIT (Intaneti). Sitidzangosinthana zokumana nazo ndi malingaliro ndi aliyense, zomwe zidzakulitsa zokolola ndikuthandizira kupeza mayankho osakhala ang'onoang'ono pamavuto, komanso kugwira ntchito papulatifomu imodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe wamba (mwachitsanzo, machitidwe opangira, emulators, mabenchi oyesa pafupifupi) .
Pakali pano mutu wa malo ogwirira ntchito STOPIT sunagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma udzaphatikizapo maofesi osachepera (malo ogwirira ntchito akutali, kuphatikizapo mawu opambana, ndi zina zotero. ma laboratories ndi maimidwe "ogawana" pazoyeserera ndi zoyesa (makina omwe adagawana omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu apadera, zithunzi za VM zokhala ndi mafelemu oyikiratu, ndi zina).
Mukamaliza pulojekiti iliyonse, maimidwe ake enieni adzasungidwa ndipo adzakhalapo kuti atumizidwenso kwa STOPIT aliyense wotenga nawo mbali, mwachitsanzo. Osati zolemba zogwira ntchito ndi zogwirira ntchito za polojekitiyi zidzapezeka, komanso ndondomeko ya chidziwitso chogwira ntchito yokha.
STOPIT imatenga zambiri kuchokera ku crowdsourcing: Ndipotu, mapulojekiti amaperekedwa kwa anthu, kuyitana kotseguka kwa anthu kumapangidwa, momwe bungwe limapempha (kufunsa) mayankho kuchokera ku "khamu".
Tsegulani matekinoloje opangira, kasamalidwe ka polojekiti ya anthu (kwenikweni, ngati pulogalamu ya "What, Where, When"), kusonkhanitsa anthu, kupanga limodzi, kutseguka kwatsopano ndi mawu odziwika bwino omwe amapezeka mosavuta pa intaneti, mwachitsanzo, .
B) Bungwe la sayansi la ntchito
OSATI - monga njira yopititsira patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka ntchito potengera zomwe asayansi achita komanso machitidwe abwino - ndi lingaliro lotambasuka kwambiri. Mwambiri, izi ndi makina ndi automation, ergonomics, kuwerengera, kasamalidwe ka nthawi ndi zina zambiri.
Tingoyang'ana magawo otsatirawa:
- kusinthanitsa kwaulere kwa chidziwitso ndi machitidwe abwino;
- mgwirizano ndi standardization;
- kufala kwa Njira Zabwino Kwambiri, zonse zamakampani ndi Njira Zabwino Kwambiri Zoyang'anira.
- Kugwirizana ndi kukhazikika, kubwereka zomwe zachitika kale, kuyang'ana pa mayankho oyenera.
Simufunikanso kuyambiranso gudumu nthawi zonse, muyenera kungobwereza. Ngati tikuthetsa vuto, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kupereka yankho lomwe lidzakhala lachilengedwe chonse ndikulola kuthetsa mavuto omwewo ("mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala umodzi").
Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri. Zitsanzo zamakampani Njira Zabwino Kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku IT: ITSM, ITIL, COBIT. Zitsanzo za Njira Zabwino Zoyendetsera Ntchito: kuchokera ku gawo la polojekiti iyi ndi PMBOK-PRINCE; BOKs kuchokera kumunda wa engineering software software; BIZBOK VAVOK, komanso njira zingapo zowongoka "zanthawi zonse".
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa apa kuti cholinga si "kusankha Njira Zabwino Kwambiri" (njira zambiri zina). Akulangizidwa kuti musayambe njira zatsopano zoyendetsera polojekiti, njira zatsopano zopangira machitidwe, ndi zina zotero, koma kuti muyambe kuwerenga Best Practice ndikubwereketsa momwe mungathere. Ngakhale kuti tsiku lina ndikuyembekeza kuti imodzi mwa ntchito za STOPIT idzakhala yokonzanso "zodziwika" zomwe zilipo kale Zochita Zabwino kapena kupanga zatsopano, mwachitsanzo, BOK pogwiritsa ntchito polojekiti ya STOPIT yokha.
C) Mfundo za moyo wokangalika
iwo-apainiya, omenyera ufulu, odzipereka, odzipereka ndi "onse-onse" omwe akufuna kuchita zinthu zothandiza: zonse "zambiri" zothandiza pamagulu (zothandiza kwambiri), komanso zothandiza kwa kampani yaying'ono, i.e. munthu kupanga chinthu mwakufuna kwake.
Amalonda azachuma, odzipereka komanso opereka chithandizo ali ndi udindo wothandiza anthu pakupanga ma projekiti a IT kukhala ofikirika, osinthika komanso ofala, kufuna kuphatikizira anthu ambiri omwe akutenga nawo gawo pakupanga machitidwe azidziwitso, kupanga machitidwe apakhomo apamwamba komanso ocheperako. Zakumadzulo. Chinachake chonga "Misa ndi luso ndizolemba zamasewera a Soviet," i.e. "Kuchuluka kwa misa ndi luso laukadaulo ndizomwe zimafunikira pakumanga nyumba."
Zomwe zimafunika ndi, motsogozedwa ndi abwenzi ochepa odziwa zambiri, kutsogolera gulu lankhondo lalikulu la "njala yachidziwitso ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake" ophunzira ndi aliyense (oyambitsa akatswiri ndi okonza mapulogalamu) kuti agwire ntchito zothandiza ndikukhazikitsa mwachindunji komanso chithandizo chachitukuko chotsatira. Chitukuko (chinthu) chimatengera mfundo zomwe zili pamwambazi: kutseguka, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito konsekonse, kukhazikika kwa yankho, kuphatikiza kakulidwe ka malingaliro (ontology), kubwereza kwaulere (kumanzere).
Chiwerengero
Inde, wophunzira wa IT wamwayi m'chaka chake chachikulu ku sukulu akhoza kupeza internship ku kampani yaikulu ya IT, pali nkhani zokongola za ophunzira, makamaka a Kumadzulo, mwachitsanzo, Stanford (K. Systrom, M. Zuckerberg), kumeneko ndi malo apakhomo oyambira, ma hackathons, mpikisano wa ophunzira ngati "Anthu Amakufunani", mawonetsero a ntchito, mabwalo a achinyamata ngati BreakPoint, ndalama zamabizinesi ochita bizinesi (Rybakov, ndi zina), ntchito ngati "Preactum", mpikisano, mwachitsanzo, Nkhani. Mpikisano "Social Entrepreneurship kudzera m'maso mwa ophunzira", "Project 5-100" ndi "zisanu", ambiri, ndipo mwina mazana ofanana, koma zonsezi sizinapereke kusintha kwa dziko lathu: ngakhale kusintha kwa bizinesi, kapena mu maphunziro, kapena kusintha kwa sayansi ndi luso. Maphunziro apakhomo, sayansi ndi kupanga zikuyenda bwino kwambiri. Kuti zinthu zisinthe, pamafunika njira zazikulu. Sipanakhalepo ndipo palibe njira zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima "zochokera kumwamba".
Zomwe zatsala ndikuyesa "kuchokera pansi" ndikulowa mu chidwi ndi ntchito za omwe amasamala.
Kodi mawonekedwe omwe akufunidwa a IT wowonjezera kutentha kwa mtundu watsopano wabizinesi wothandiza anthu amatha kuchita izi: Ntchito zachitukuko ndi mapangidwe otseguka? Yankho likhoza kuperekedwa kokha mwa kuyesa izo muzochita.
Ngati lingalirolo likukusangalatsani, pangani STOPIT zothandizira: lingaliro lomwe laperekedwa likugawidwa pansi pa chilolezo cha Copyleft "THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE". Yunivesite iliyonse ingapindule ndi nsanja yotereyi. Tikuwonani patsamba lanu STOP.
Source: www.habr.com