Mukukumbukira mphaka wokongola yemwe adayetsemula pazithunzi za zojambula za Soviet? Timakumbukira, ndipo tidazipeza - pamodzi ndi nthano zina zopeka ndi manja. Ali mwana, anali wamantha komanso wosokoneza chifukwa adadzutsa nkhani zazikulu, zazikulu. Yakwana nthawi yoti muwunikenso makatuni akale kuti mudziwe tsogolo lomwe amalota mdzikolo.
1977: "Polygon"
Wojambula zithunzi Anatoly Petrov anali ndi dzanja muzojambula zambiri zodziwika bwino za Soviet, kuyambira "The Town Musicians of Bremen" mpaka "Tholide ya Boniface." Ntchito yake yodziyimira payokha inali yosangalatsa kwambiri: adajambula zithunzi zenizeni zamitundu itatu. Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri cha kalembedwe ka Petrov chinali chojambula chachifupi "Polygon" chochokera ku nkhani yotsutsana ndi nkhondo ndi wolemba nkhani za sayansi Sever Gansovsky.
Chiwembucho ndi chophweka: woyambitsa wosatchulidwa dzina anabwera ndi thanki yosawonongeka yomwe imawerenga maganizo a mdani. Mayesero a kumunda a chida changwiro amachitika pachilumba chotentha - mwachiwonekere, izi ndizofotokozera za Bikini ndi Enewetak atolls. Komiti ya usilikali imaphatikizapo kazembe, yemwe mwana wa ngwaziyo adamwalira. Sitimayo imawononga asilikali, ndiyeno mlengi wake wobwezera.
Kuti apange mphamvu ya voliyumu, zilembozo zidajambulidwa pamagulu awiri a celluloid, ndipo imodzi idawomberedwa mosaganizira. Munthawi yovuta, chithunzi chosawoneka bwino chimakula kwambiri. Kamera imayenda nthawi zonse, kuzizira pang'ono. Palibe magazi mu chimango ndipo nyimbo yokhayo ndi nyimbo yotchuka "Tanha Shodam" ndi Ahmad Zaheer. Zonsezi palimodzi zimapereka malingaliro a nkhawa, mantha ndi kukhumudwa - kumverera kwa nthawi yomwe Doomsday Clock inawonetsa mphindi 9 mpaka pakati pausiku. Mwa njira, mu 2018 singano idasunthidwa ku 23:58 - kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti ulosiwu unakwaniritsidwa?
1978: "Contact"
Mu 1968, wojambula makanema waku Canada George Dunning adatsogolera sitima yapamadzi yotchuka ya Yellow. Chojambulacho chinabwera ku Soviet Union kokha m'zaka za m'ma 80 pa makaseti a pirated. Komabe, mu 1978, wotsogolera ndi wojambula Vladimir Tarasov anajambula nyimbo zake zomveka bwino za phantasmagoria. Ndi lalifupi, koma mukhoza kuona John Lennon mu khalidwe lalikulu. Izi ndi ubwino wa wojambula Nikolai Koshkin, amene "anagwira" nyimbo Western zojambula.
Soviet "Lennon" - wojambula amene anapita plein air. M'chilengedwe, amakumana ndi mlendo, nayenso wojambula yekha. Cholengedwa chopanda mawonekedwe chimasintha kukhala zinthu zomwe zimawona. Poyamba mwamunayo amachita mantha, koma kenako akuphunzitsa mlendoyo kuyimba muluzu nyimbo ya "Speak Softly Love" kuchokera ku "The Godfather." Mosiyana ndi achibale ake akutali ochokera ku Chiwonongeko, mlendoyo amakhala paubwenzi ndi munthu ndipo akukwera naye limodzi kuloŵa kwa dzuwa.
Kuwononga moyo: zimitsani nyimbo yoyambira ya "Contact" ndikuyatsa Lucy kumwamba ndi diamondi. Mudzawona kuti zojambulazo zikufanana ndi nyimbo pafupifupi bwino kwambiri.
1980: "Kubwerera"
"Kubwerera" ndi zojambula zina za Tarasov. Amalongosola zochitika zomwe zimakhala zachilendo malinga ndi zopeka za sayansi: Sitima yonyamula katundu ya Valdai T-614 inagwidwa ndi meteorite shawa ndipo inawonongeka, chifukwa chake ikhoza kugwera pa Dziko Lapansi pamanja. Woyendetsa ndege akulangizidwa kuti agone mokwanira asanakwere. Anagona tulo tofa nato ndipo anayesa kumudzutsa analephera. Komabe, pamene njira ya ngalawayo idutsa panyumba pake m’mudzimo, woyenda mumlengalenga amazindikira mwanjira ina, akudzuka ndi kutera m’sitimayo.
Sizikudziwika ngati chikomokere cha ngwaziyo chinawopseza tsoka. Nyimbo (Gustav Mahler's 5th Symphony) zimasonyeza momveka bwino kuti mkhalidwewu ndi wochititsa mantha. Olembawo adalangizidwa ndi cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, kotero filimuyo ikuwonetseratu mbali yaukadaulo ya ndege. Nthawi yomweyo, zenizeni ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zimasweka ndi mawu owoneka bwino a "Alien," omwe adatulutsidwa chaka chatha. Mkati mwa galimoto ya mlengalenga mumafanana ndi sitima yapamadzi ya Giger, ndipo woyendetsa ndegeyo samafanana ndi munthu. Chojambula chachifupi sichowopsa kuposa mawonekedwe amtundu wa facehugger.
1981: "Space Aliens"
Olemba zopeka za sayansi odziwika bwino, abale a Strugatsky, adalemba zolemba zingapo zamakatuni, koma kuwunika kwa Soviet kunapha onse. Onse kupatula mmodzi, amene Arkady Strugatsky analemba pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake, wolemba ndi womasulira Marian Tkachev. Ichi chinali script ya gawo loyamba la Space Aliens.
Chiwembucho chikulonjeza: sitima yapamadzi imatsika Padziko Lapansi, alendo amatumiza ma probes akuda. Gulu la asayansi likuyesera kudziwa zomwe alendo a m'mlengalenga akufuna. Ndiye zikuoneka kuti akufuna kugawana luso. Kodi mwayitanitsa "Kufika"?
Chojambulidwa munjira ya avant-garde-constructivist, chojambulachi chimatenga mphindi zopitilira khumi ndi zisanu. Zikuwoneka motalikirapo chifukwa mayendedwe azomwe zikuchitika pawonekedwe siwofanana komanso pang'onopang'ono. Kudekha komwe ochita zisudzo amalankhula mawu ataliatali makamaka kumatsindika za "Aliens".
Mafanizo afilosofi "oyesera" anali amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe ankakonda kwambiri owonetsa makanema aku Soviet. Komabe, "Alendo" amawoloka mzere pakati "izi ndi zakuya" ndi "izi ndi zosasangalatsa." Zikuoneka kuti Strugatsky anazindikira izi, kotero kuti gawo lachiwiri linajambulidwa popanda iye. Mmenemo, alendo amayesa kulimba mtima kwa anthu. Anthu amapirira mayeso, ndipo zonse zikuwoneka kuti zikuyenda bwino. Ndipo ndizabwino kuti zitheke.
1984: “Kudzakhala mvula yofatsa”
Mu 1950, wolemba waku America Ray Bradbury adalemba imodzi mwankhani zodziwika bwino za pambuyo pa apocalyptic m'mbiri yamtunduwu. “Padzakhala Mvula Yofatsa” ikufotokoza mmene roboti “smart home” ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa bomba la atomiki. Zaka 34 pambuyo pake, Uzbekfilm adapanga katuni kakang'ono kokhudza mtima kutengera nkhaniyi.
Zolemba za Bradbury zimaperekedwa ndi ufulu wowerengeka chabe. Mwachitsanzo, m'nkhaniyi nthawi ina yadutsa pambuyo pa tsoka - masiku kapena mwezi. Muzojambula, loboti, yomwe sadziwa zomwe zidachitika, imagwedeza phulusa la eni ake omwe adawotchedwa dzulo kuchokera pamabedi awo. Kenako mbalame imawulukira m'nyumba, loboti imathamangitsa ndikuwononga nyumbayo mwangozi.
Kusintha kwa filimuyi kunapambana mphoto pa zikondwerero zitatu zapadziko lonse ndi chimodzi cha All-Union. Wotsogolera ndi screenwriter wa zojambula anali wosewera ndi wotsogolera Nazim Tulyakhodzhaev ku Tashkent. Mwa njira, ntchito yake ndi zinthu za Bradbury sizinathere: patatha zaka zitatu adapanga filimu yochokera ku "Veldt". Pamitundu iwiri ya filimuyi, omvera amakumbukira "Padzakhala Mvula Yabwino," chifukwa chowopsya cha nkhondo yapadziko lonse ndizovuta kusokoneza kapena kuthetsa chirichonse.
1985: "Contract"
Ojambula a ku Soviet ankakonda kujambula zolemba za olemba nkhani za sayansi yakunja. Zotsatira zake, mapulojekiti owala adawonekera, zipatso zenizeni zachikondi. Monga zojambula "Contract" zochokera pa nkhani ya dzina lomwelo Robert Silverberg. Mtundu wowala, wa avant-garde, wokondedwa kwambiri ndi wotsogolera Tarasov, amakumbukira zaluso za pop. Nyimbo zotsagana ndi nyimbo - zolemba za jazi zomwe sindingakupatseni koma Chikondi, Mwana wopangidwa ndi Ella Fitzgerald.
Zonse zoyambirira ndi zojambula zimayamba mofanana: watsamunda amamenyana ndi zilombo papulaneti lopanda anthu. Wogulitsa maloboti amabwera kudzamuthandiza, yemwe, adatulutsa zilombozi kuti azikakamiza anthu kugula katundu wake. Watsamunda amalumikizana ndi kampani yomwe idamutumiza kudziko lapansi ndipo adapeza kuti, malinga ndi zomwe mgwirizanowu udachita, sangachite malonda ndi loboti. Kuphatikiza apo, potumiza zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku monga malezala, amasengulidwa katatu, popeza amakakamizika kumupatsa zofunika pa moyo.
Kenako chiwembu choyambirira ndi kusintha kwa filimu kumasiyana. M'nkhaniyi, loboti ikuwopseza kuwombera mtsamunda. Watsamundayo mochenjera amachoka mumkhalidwewo mwa kufuna ndalama kukampani kuti apulumutse moyo wake, ndipo atakana, akuswa mgwirizanowo ndikulengeza kuti dziko lapansi ndi lake mwaupainiya. Ngakhale kuvomereza kodabwitsa kwa machitidwe achikapitalist kunali koletsedwa kwa Mgwirizano. Choncho, muzojambula, makampani a colonist ndi robot amayamba nkhondo. Loboti imadzipereka kuti itenthetse munthu pakagwa chipale chofewa mosayembekezereka. Ngakhale uthenga wodziwikiratu wamalingaliro, zojambulazo zimasiya chidwi chosangalatsa.
1985-1995: Fantadrome
Makanema apakanema a ana a Fantadroms amawoneka ngati adakokedwa ndi makanema aku Western. M'malo mwake, magawo atatu oyamba adatulutsidwa ndi Telefilm-Riga, ndipo ena khumi adatulutsidwa ndi studio yaku Latvia Dauka.
Munthu wamkulu wa Fantadrome ndi mphaka wa robot Indrix XIII, yemwe amatha kusintha mawonekedwe. Iye ndi amene amayetsemula kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa gawo lililonse. Pamodzi ndi abwenzi ake, mphaka wamlengalenga amapulumutsa alendo ndi anthu kuzinthu zosasangalatsa monga moto, kusamvetsetsana, kapena kusowa kwadzidzi kwa mchere m'mawa. Ziwembu za "Fantadrome" zimawululidwa popanda mawu, ndi zithunzi, nyimbo ndi mawu, monga mu "Fantasia" ya Disney.
Magawo atatu oyamba a "Soviet" akuwoneka ovuta: amayang'ana kwambiri zakuthambo komanso mzinda waukulu komwe Indrix amakhala. Magawo khumi atsopanowa akuyang'ana ana, choncho cholinga chake chasinthira ku zomwe zimatchedwa slapstick comedy. Ngati ma studio anali ndi zinthu zambiri komanso mwayi, sizili zovuta kuganiza kuti Fantadroms ikhoza kukhala mtundu wa cosmic "Tom ndi Jerry." Tsoka ilo, kuthekera kwa mndandanda sikunakwaniritsidwe.
1986: "Nkhondo"
Kanema wina wotengera nthano zaku Western, nthawi ino nkhani ya Stephen King. Msilikali wina yemwe kale anali msilikali yemwe anasandulika kukhala womenya nkhondo akupha mkulu wa fakitale ina ya zoseŵeretsa. Atamaliza kuyitanitsa, amalandira phukusi lokhala ndi zidole zankhondo zopangidwa kufakitale ya wozunzidwayo. Asilikali aja anakhala ndi moyo n’kuukira wakuphayo. Nkhondoyo imathera mu chigonjetso cha zoseweretsa, monga momwe zimakhalira zili ndi mtengo wocheperako wa thermonuclear.
Chojambulacho chinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowonetsera makanema. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zilembo zimasuntha ndipo maziko amasintha kuti awonetse kayendetsedwe ka kamera. Njira yokwera mtengo komanso yowononga nthawi imeneyi siigwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri pojambula pamanja, koma ndiyoyenera. Makanema onse adapatsa "Nkhondo" mphamvu yodabwitsa. Chojambula chachifupi sichikuwoneka choyipa kuposa Die Hard, chomwe chinatulutsidwa patatha zaka ziwiri.
Wowonerera mwachidwi adzawona mu mphindi yoyamba ya zojambulazo ponena za malo omwe amayendetsa magalimoto ku Tokyo ku Solaris ya Tarkovsky. Maonekedwe amtsogolo okhala ndi misewu yopanda malire amatsindika kuti zonse zikuchitika posachedwa, tsogolo la dystopian.
1988: "Pass"
Polankhula za makanema ojambula pamanja a Soviet, munthu sangalephere kutchula zachipembedzo "Pass". Chojambulacho chimachokera ku mutu woyamba wa nkhaniyi ndi wolemba sayansi wa sayansi Kir Bulychev "The Village", ndipo wolembayo adalemba script.
"Mudzi" ikufotokoza za tsogolo la ulendo wapamlengalenga womwe sitimayo idafika mwadzidzidzi papulaneti losadziwika. Anthu opulumukawo anathawa m’sitimayo kuti athawe cheza chochokera ku injini yomwe inawonongeka. Anthu adayambitsa mudzi, adaphunzira kusaka ndi mauta ndi mivi, analera ana, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi adayesa kubwereranso kudutsa pachombocho. Muzojambula, gulu la achinyamata atatu ndi wamkulu amapita ku sitima. Munthu wamkulu amamwalira, ndipo anawo, atazolowera dziko loopsali, amafika kumene akupita.
Pass imadziwikanso ndi zojambula zina za avant-garde sci-fi za nthawiyo. Zithunzi za filimuyi zinajambulidwa ndi katswiri wa masamu Anatoly Fomenko, yemwe amadziwika ndi ziphunzitso zotsutsana za mbiri yakale. Kuti awonetse dziko lachilendo lowopsa, adagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo ake kwa The Master ndi Margarita. Nyimboyi inalembedwa ndi Alexander Gradsky, kuphatikizapo nyimbo yochokera ku ndakatulo ya wolemba ndakatulo Sasha Cherny.
Wotsogolera "Pass" anali Vladimir Tarasov, yemwe watchulidwa kangapo m'gululi. Tarasov anawerenga "Mudzi" m'magazini yakuti "Knowledge is Power" ndipo adadzazidwa ndi funso la zomwe gulu la anthu limaimira. Chotsatira chake chinali chojambula chowopsya ndi chosangalatsa chokhala ndi mapeto otseguka.
1989: “Pangakhale Akambuku Pano”
Kalekale James Cameron asanapange Avatar, Ray Bradbury analemba nkhani yaifupi pamutu womwewo. Sitima yapamadzi ya anthu ifika pa dziko lopanda anthu kudzakumba mchere. Dziko lokongola lachilendo lili ndi luntha ndipo limalandira mochereza anthu padziko lapansi. Woimira kampani yothandizira ulendowu akayesa kuyambitsa kubowola, dziko lapansi limatumiza nyalugwe. Ulendowu ukuthawa, n'kungotsala waung'ono wa cosmonaut.
Makanema a Soviet adatha kusamutsa nkhani yafilosofi ya Bradbury pazenera pafupifupi popanda kusagwirizana. Pazojambula, mtsogoleri woyipa waulendo amatha kuyambitsa bomba asanamwalire. Zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi zimadzipereka kuti zipulumutse dziko lapansi: zimanyamula bomba m'sitima ndikuwuluka. Kudzudzula kwa capitalism yolusa kunalipo m'malemba oyambirira, kotero kupotoza kochititsa chidwi kumawonjezeredwa kuti awonjezerepo kanthu pa chiwembucho. Mosiyana ndi "Mgwirizano," palibe matanthauzo otsutsana omwe adawonekera m'katuni iyi.
1991-1992: "Vampires of Geons"
Makanema a Soviet sanafe nthawi yomweyo ndi kugwa kwa Union. M'zaka za m'ma 90, zojambula zambiri za "Soviet" zopeka za sayansi zinatulutsidwa.
Mu 1991 ndi 1992, wotsogolera Gennady Tishchenko anapereka zojambula "Vampires of Geons" ndi "Masters of Geons". Analemba yekha script, malinga ndi nkhani yake. Chiwembucho chili motere: woyang'anira wa Cosmo-Ecological Commission (KEC) Yanin amapita ku dziko la Geona. Kumeneko, ma pterodactyls am'deralo ("vampires") amaluma atsamunda ndikuletsa nkhawa zapakati pa nyenyezi kuti zisapange ma depositi amchere. Zikuwonekeratu kuti dziko lapansi limakhala; zolengedwa zanzeru zakumaloko zimakhala pansi pamadzi mu symbiosis ndi ma vampires ndi nyama zina. Nkhawayo ikuchoka padziko lapansi chifukwa ntchito zake zimawononga chilengedwe.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha zojambulazo: zilembo ziwiri zaku America, zochokera Arnold Schwarzenegger ndi Sylvester Stallone. "Arnie" yojambula pamanja ndi yofanana ndi mbiri yakale ya m'ma 90s. Pafupi ndi iye, wandevu waku Russia Yanin akuwoneka ngati mwana. Potsutsana ndi zochitika zosayembekezereka za Hollywood "cranberry", uthenga waukulu wafilosofi wa filimuyo watayika pang'ono.
Zojambulazo zimayenera kukhala mndandanda wonse wotchedwa "Star World". Kumapeto kwa gawo lachiwiri, Yanin akunena mwachiyembekezo kuti anthu adzabwerera ku Geona, koma mawu ake sanati akwaniritsidwe.
1994–1995: AMBA
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pa "Geon", Tishchenko adayesanso kupitiliza saga ya danga. Magawo awiri a katuni ya AMBA amafotokoza momwe wasayansi adapangira njira yokulitsira mizinda kuchokera ku biomass. Mudzi umodzi woterowo, "AMBA" (Automorphic Bio-Architectural Ensemble), unamera m'chipululu cha Martian, ndipo wina unabzalidwa papulaneti lakutali. Kulankhulana ndi ntchitoyo kunasokonezedwa, ndipo woyang'anira Yanin, yemwe timamudziwa kale, anatumizidwa kumeneko ndi mnzake wosatchulidwa dzina.
Mawonekedwe a filimuyi adakhala kwambiri "Western". Komabe, zomwe zalembedwazo zidakhalabe zokhulupirika kumaphunziro akale a nthano zopeka za Soviet. Tishchenko ndi wokonda sayansi yopeka wolemba Ivan Efremov. Mu zojambula ziwiri zazifupi, wotsogolera adayesa kuphatikizira lingaliro lakuti m'tsogolo chitukuko chamakono chidzatha (choncho mutuwo).
Panali mavuto aakulu ndi kufotokozera; izi ndizochitika nthawi zonse pamene zomwe zikuchitika zikunenedwa osati kuwonetsedwa. Pali nkhondo zokwanira komanso zolimba pazenera, koma mayendedwe a zochitika ndi "ovuta": choyamba, ngwazi zimawukiridwa ndi mahema achilendo, ndiye amamvetsera moleza mtima nkhani ya komwe mahema awa adachokera.
Mwina mu gawo lachitatu la "Star World" zikanakhala zotheka kuchotsa zolakwa zakale. Tsoka ilo, chikhalidwe cha Soviet chinasowa kwathunthu mu Zakachikwi zatsopano, kotero tsopano zojambula zonsezi ndi mbiri yakale.
Kodi zojambula zanu zomwe mumakonda kwambiri za sci-fi sizinasankhe? Tiuzeni za izo mu ndemanga.
Source: www.habr.com