M'nkhaniyi Ndinalonjeza Lachisanu lina kuti ndilankhule za momwe mkonzi wamkulu wa "Funny Pictures" adatsala pang'ono kuwotchedwa ndi tizilombo - m'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwo.
Lero ndi Lachisanu, koma choyamba ndikufuna kunena mawu pang'ono za "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" okha - nkhani yapaderayi yopanga media yopambana.
Magaziniyi ili ndi tsiku lobadwa lodziwika bwino - September 24, 1956. Patsiku lino, magazini yoyamba ya "Funny Pictures" inasindikizidwa, magazini yoyamba ya Soviet ya ana asukulu.
Bambo wokondwa (ndi wamkulu) anali lamulo la chipani ndi boma "Pa chitukuko cha mabuku a ana ndi magazini a ana," lomwe linaperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa 1956. Miyezi ingapo atawonekera, chiwerengero cha magazini a ana m'dzikoli chinawonjezeka kawiri - mu September, kampaniyo inawonjezera "Young Technician", "Young Naturalist" ndi "Veselye Kartinki" ku kampani "Murzilka", "Pioneer" ndi " Kostr", omwe adasindikiza zolemba zawo zoyamba . Izi ndi zomwe kuwonekera koyamba kuguluko.
Kunena kuti ntchitoyo inayenda bwino ndi kusanena kanthu. Kufalitsidwa kwa "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" bwino kwambiri kunafikira makope 9 miliyoni 700. Nthawi yomweyo, sizinali zopambana - inali ntchito yopindulitsa kwambiri yapa media. Ngakhale mtengo wa 15 kopecks, unabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa woyambitsa wake - Komiti Yaikulu ya Komsomol. Ogwira ntchito m'magaziniyi ankakonda kudzitamandira kuti "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" zokha zinapeza ndalama zambiri kuposa magazini onse a nyumba yosindikizira ya Molodaya Gvardiya.
В чем же причины успеха?
Choyamba, gawo laling'ono la polojekitiyi. M'chikhulupiriro changa chozama, zopambana zonse zimapangidwira kumene kulibe ndalama zazikulu, kumene kulibe ndondomeko zogawira mendulo, kumene palibe wina wochokera ku maulamuliro amayitana, amaika mavuto kapena kukoka.
"Zithunzi Zoseketsa" zidapangidwa ngati projekiti yaying'ono yomwe palibe amene amayembekezera chilichonse chapadera. Chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri chamalingaliro abwana chinali ofesi ya mkonzi wamkulu. Ivan Semenov anabwera ku VK kuchokera ku Krokodil, kumene mkonzi wamkulu anali ndi ofesi yaikulu ya nomenklatura ndi "turntables". Mu "Zithunzi" anali ndi kanyumba kakang'ono, komwe adagawana ndi gawo la mayankho a zofalitsa, kotero kuti sanakonzeke ngakhale ku ofesi yake, koma anapita ku chipinda chodziwika bwino, kumene kunali matebulo apadera a ojambula.
Kachiwiri, kulenga ufulu. "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" ndiye buku lokhalo mu USSR lomwe silinasindikizidwe. Magazini onse ofalitsidwa anabweretsedwa kwa ofufuza ku Glavlit, ngakhale "Ulimi wa Nsomba ndi Usodzi," ngakhale magazini ya "Konkrete ndi Konkriti Wolimba." Panali chinthu choterocho, koma chiyani? Tsopano mukuseka, koma kufalitsidwa, bai ze wei, kunafika makope 22, chikwi chimodzi ndi theka omwe adagulitsidwa ndi ndalama zakunja kwa olembetsa akunja.
Ndipo palibe amene ananyamula "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" kulikonse.
Chachitatu, mtsogoleri. Malinga ndi miyambo ya zaka zimenezo, mkonzi wamkulu amayenera kukhala membala wa chipani. Vuto linali lakuti panalibe pafupifupi chikomyunizimu pakati pa ojambula - nthawi zonse anali omasuka. Chotsatira chake, wojambula wotchuka Ivan Semenov, yemwe anali membala wa phwando, koma osati ntchito ya chikominisi, adasankhidwa kukhala mkonzi wamkulu wa Zithunzi Zoseketsa. Ivan Maksimovich analowa mu All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) kutsogolo mu 1941, pamene Ajeremani anali kuguba kum'mawa, ndipo achikomyunizimu amene anagwidwa anawomberedwa pomwepo.
Malinga ndi chikumbutso, woyendetsa sitima yapamadzi yemwe kale anali wooneka bwino komanso wokongola anali mtsogoleri wabwino wa anthu opanga zinthu. Sindinagwirepo chanza, ndikungofunsa zotsatira zake - koma apa ndidafunsa mwaukali. Ndipo analinso ndi khalidwe limodzi lofunika kwambiri kwa mutu wa polojekiti ya TV - anali munthu wodekha modabwitsa. Zinali pafupifupi zosatheka kumukwiyitsa. Wojambula Anatoly Mikhailovich Eliseev, yemwe ankagwira ntchito ku VK kuyambira tsiku loyamba, anandiuza nkhani yotereyi poyankhulana.
Semyonov anali wotchuka chifukwa cha nyimbo zake zambiri, monga, mwachitsanzo:
Tsiku lina, mmodzi wa ojambula a magaziniyi anabweretsa chikwangwani chotsogolera kuchokera ku Finland chogulidwa mu "joke shopu" yomwe inali yosadziwika bwino ndi zenizeni. Tinasankha kuchita prank pa mkonzi wamkulu, yemwe, monga mwachizolowezi, anali kujambula m'chipinda wamba. Anadikirira mpaka Semenov atatsala pang'ono kumaliza nyimboyo, adadzaza chitoliro chake ndikupita kukasuta - ndikuyika chilembo pajambula pafupifupi kumaliza.
Semyonov wabwerera. Ndinawona. Iye anayimirira ngati mzati. Anatafuna milomo yake. Anagwetsa chinthu chakuda ndi cholemera, ngati mwala woyala: "Abulu!"
Anasuntha zojambulazo "zowonongeka" ku tebulo lotsatira, akuusa moyo, anatulutsa pepala lopanda kanthu ndipo, akuyang'ana kumanja, anayamba kujambula chirichonse kachiwiri.
M'malo mwake, ndidawononga chinyengo cha anthu.
Koma chofunika kwambiri kuposa kuyanjana ndi chipani chinali chakuti Semenov, onse molingana ndi mavoti ovomerezeka ndi osavomerezeka, ankaonedwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa akatswiri ojambula bwino kwambiri m'mabuku m'dzikoli ndipo chifukwa chake anali munthu wovomerezeka kwambiri pazochitika zamakono.
"Ndizoipa, m'bale, mukudziwa a Magyars!" Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi I. Semenov cha "The Good Soldier Schweik"
Izi zinamuthandiza kusonkhanitsa gawo lachinayi la kupambana - gulu. Kale m'magazini yoyamba, zithunzi zoseketsa zidakopeka ndi ojambula bwino kwambiri a ana mdziko muno: Konstantin Rotov, yemwe adabwera ndi mawonekedwe a Hottabych wakale ndi Captain Vrungel, Alexey Laptev, yemwe adajambula Dunno, Vladimir Suteev. zithunzi zachidule za Cipollino, ngakhale chifukwa chiyani ndikunyoza, ndani sakudziwa Suteev?) M'chaka choyamba, adagwirizana ndi Aminadav Kanevsky, Viktor Chizhikov, Anatoly Sazonov, Evgeny Migunov ndi gulu lonse la nyenyezi zazikulu zoyambirira.
Chabwino, gawo lotsiriza ndi luso kupanga. Kuti apange magaziniyi, Semyonov adatumiza bwino ndikusinthira "ng'ona" pokonzekera nkhani, yomangidwa pamfundo yakuti "kubwera ndi nthabwala ndi kujambula nthabwala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaubongo." Ayi, pali, ndithudi, kuchotserapo, monga Viktor Chizhikov, amene anabwera ndi ntchito zake zambiri mu VK, kuyambira ndi kuwonekera koyamba kugulu "Za mtsikana Masha ndi chidole Natasha," koma lonse ...
Umu ndi momwe dongosololi linafotokozera Felix Shapiro, mkonzi wa magazini ya "Funny Pictures" kuyambira 1956 mpaka 1993:
Ena mwa ogwira ntchito m'magaziniyi anali otchedwa "themists" - omwe ali odziwa kubwera ndi nkhani zoti ajambule ndipo akhoza kugawana ndi ena. Gulu lathu lamutu linali lanzeru. (Mwachitsanzo, wotsogolera wotchuka dzina lake Aleksandr Mitta anayamba monga wojambula mutu "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" - VN) Iwo anabwera ku “misonkhano ya mdima” imene imatchedwa “misonkhano ya mdima” ndi zojambula zawo. Misonkhanoyo inkachitikira m’chipinda chokhala ndi mipando yambirimbiri komanso tebulo limodzi lokha. Ivan Maksimovich anali atakhala patebulo. Anayang’ana anthu onse n’kufunsa kuti: “Kodi wolimba mtima ndani?” M'modzi mwa akatswiri ojambula amatuluka ndikumupatsa zojambula zawo. Anaziwonetsa kwa aliyense amene analipo ndikuyang'anira zomwe zimachitika: anthu akamwetulira, zojambulazo zimayikidwa pambali. Ngati palibe chochita, pitani ku china.
Malingana ndi nkhani, nthawi zina ankatuluka mu "misonkhano yamdima" akuseka mpaka kufika pamtima. Ndipo kawirikawiri, poyang'ana makumbukidwe, momwe ntchito mu "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" inali kukumbukira kwambiri Strugatskys "Lolemba Limayamba Loweruka" - ndi nthabwala zenizeni, kuseka, kumwa zakumwa zotchuka nthawi ndi nthawi, koma chofunika kwambiri - chikondi chosasamala ntchito yawo.
Iwo anapanga magazini yabwino kwambiri ya ana padziko lonse ndipo sakanatha kuchita chilichonse chochepa.
Magazini yomwe, mwachitsanzo, nthabwala zachilendo za Soviet Union zidasindikizidwa kuyambira pachiyambi, ndipo iyi si mawu ophiphiritsa. Pano pali Semenov wotchuka "Petya Ryzhik" kuchokera ku magazini yoyamba:
Magazini yomwe akatswiri ojambula bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi sanazengereze kugwirizanitsa nawo: Jean Effel waku France, Raoul Verdini waku Italy, Herluf Bidstrup waku Denmark.
Komabe, nthawi zina mgwirizano wa mayiko unkasanduka mavuto aakulu. Kotero, kumapeto kwa August 1968, nkhani yodabwitsa ya "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" inasindikizidwa.
Ndi kuti, pakati pa zinthu zina, panali nthano yosalakwa ya wolemba Chicheki Vaclav Čtvrtek (motani amatchulira mayina omalizirawa?) “Nkhumba Ziwiri.” Ndi uyu:
Ndipo zonse zikhala bwino, koma pa nthawi ya kufalitsidwa kwa magazini, wotchuka "Prague Spring" umatha ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa magulu ankhondo ochokera ku mayiko a Socialist Commonwealth ku Czechoslovakia.
Opaleshoni ya Danube ikuyamba, aku Russia, Poles ndi Magyars omwe tawatchulawa amayendetsa akasinja kuzungulira likulu la Czech, Czechs amanga mipiringidzo, malire a Yevtushenko akupanga ndakatulo "Ma tanki akuyenda kudutsa Prague," otsutsa akuchita ziwonetsero pa Red Square, mawu a adani akufuula mosinthana mosiyanasiyana. mawayilesi, a KGB amaima m'makutu ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zasamutsidwa ku malo achitetezo.
Ndipo panthawiyi, "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" zimauza dziko lonse la Soviet Union kuti tsopano kuli mbalame zambiri ku Prague zomwe zikujompha tizilombo ta ku Czech, choncho ziyenera kutuluka mu Prague.
M'masiku amenewo, mitu inawuluka pang'ono - "Technology for Youth" inali pafupi kutsekedwa nthawi zambiri zamasamba za Chernenkov.
Mu "Zithunzi Zoseketsa," monga momwe adaganizira kale, zosokoneza zomwe zidachitika zidakulitsidwa chifukwa chosowa kuwunika. Kutumiza nkhaniyi ku nyumba yosindikizira, siginecha ya mkonzi wamkulu inali yokwanira.
Koma zimenezi zinatanthauzanso kuti iyenso adzakhala ndi udindo pa chilichonse.
Monga momwe antchitowo adakumbukira, pafupifupi milungu iwiri zinali ngati munthu wakufa atagona mu ofesi ya mkonzi - aliyense anali kusuntha khoma ndikuyankhula mongonong'oneza. Semyonov anakhala zokhoma mu ofesi yake, kuphwanya chiletso chake, kusuta mosalekeza ndi hypnotizing foni.
Kenako anayamba kutulutsa mpweya pang'onopang'ono.
Idawomba.
Sindinazindikire.
Ndipo ngati wina awona, sanabadwe.
Tinkakondabe magazini ya Semyonov. Analikonda kwambiri. Ana ndi makolo awo.
Kuti tisamalize ndi misala iyi ya Soviet, mawu ochepa onena za lingaliro lanzeru kwambiri ndi "Merry Men Club" ndi munthu wotchuka kwambiri wa Ivan Semyonov.
Ngakhale pa siteji ya kupanga magazini, iye anabwera ndi mascot kwa magazini - wojambula zamatsenga shaggy mu chipewa chakuda, bulawuti buluu ndi uta wofiira.
Ndiyeno adaganiza zomupezera kampani - anthu otchuka a nthano omwe amacheza m'chipinda ndi chipinda. Gulu loyamba la Club linali ndi mamembala asanu okha: Karandash, Buratino, Cipollino, Petrushka ndi Gurvinek.
Ndipo m’kope loyamba, oŵerenga achichepere anayamba kudziŵitsidwa kwa iwo, kuyambira, mwachibadwa, ndi tcheyamani wokhazikika.
Ngati anzake a Semenov ankadziwa kuti malingaliro awo mwachisawawa, opangidwa pa mawondo awo, adzakhala chikhalidwe chenichenicho, kuti zojambulazo zidzapangidwa za "Merry Men Club" ndipo nkhani za sayansi zidzalembedwa, kuti mibadwo ingapo ya anthu idzakulirakulira. .
Anthu omwe masiku ano amajambula filosofi, ndinganene kuti, caricatures. Monga iyi ndimatcha "Amoyo ndi Akufa."
Pensulo yojambulidwa m'zojambula zisanu,
adakhala ngwazi yamabuku osawerengeka,
Mpaka lero adakali mascot wa magazini "Funny Pictures" ndi chilengedwe chodziwika kwambiri cha wojambula wamkulu wa ana Ivan Semyonov.
Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti, mwachitsanzo, Viktor Chizhikov, yemwe anayamba kugwira ntchito mu "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" monga wophunzira wa chaka chachitatu ku Moscow Printing Institute, nthawi zonse amakoka mphunzitsi wake ndi khalidwe lake lokonda kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:
Kapena apa:
Ndizodabwitsa kuti tsidya lina la Dziko Lapansi, ku Australia, amakhala mapasa a Pensulo yathu. Komanso mu bulawuzi ndi uta.
Kuyembekezera mafunso osapeŵeka - Pensulo yathu ndi zaka zitatu, wojambula zamatsenga waku Australia adawonekera mu 1959. Dzina la wojambulayo ndi Bambo Squiggle, ndipo anali nyenyezi yawonetsero ya dzina lomwelo yomwe idachitika pawailesi yakanema yaku Australia kwa zaka makumi anayi, kuyambira 1959 mpaka 1999.
Bambo Squiggle ndi chidole chokhala ndi pensulo m'malo mwa mphuno, yemwe poyamba anamaliza "zolemba" zotumizidwa ndi ana ndikuzisintha kukhala zojambula zonse, ndipo kenako anakula kukhala ola lake ndi theka lawonetsero ndi alendo oitanidwa ndi konsati. manambala.
Mu February 2019, anthu aku Australia othokoza adatulutsa ndalama zingapo zokwana $60 kukondwerera zaka XNUMX zaubwana wawo.
Ndipo Pensulo wathu sanalandire ngakhale sitampu yapachikumbutso chake.
M'chikumbukiro changa chonse pali kuyamikira kochokera pansi pamtima kwa ophunzira akale a October chifukwa cha ubwana wokondwa.
Source: www.habr.com