Ma chart a makanema ojambula omwe amatha kuyikidwa mwachindunji patsamba lililonse patsamba lililonse akuchulukirachulukira. Amasonyeza kusinthasintha kwa kusintha kwa makhalidwe aliwonse pakapita nthawi ndipo amachita izi momveka bwino. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingawapangire pogwiritsa ntchito R ndi ma generic phukusi.
Skillbox imalimbikitsa: Njira yothandiza .
Tikukukumbutsani: kwa owerenga onse a Habr - kuchotsera ma ruble 10 polembetsa maphunziro aliwonse a Skillbox pogwiritsa ntchito nambala yotsatsira ya Habr.
Phukusi
Tikufuna phukusi mu R:
- ggplot2
Izi ziwiri ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, tidyverse, janitor ndi masikelo adzafunika kuyang'anira deta, kuyeretsa mndandanda ndikujambula moyenerera.
deta
Zolemba zoyambirira zomwe tidzagwiritse ntchito polojekitiyi zidatsitsidwa kuchokera pa webusayiti ya World Bank. Nawa - . Deta yomweyi, ngati mukufuna kuti ikhale yokonzeka, ikhoza kutsitsidwa kuchokera .
Kodi ichi ndi chidziwitso chotani? Chitsanzocho chili ndi mtengo wa GDP wa mayiko ambiri kwa zaka zingapo (kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2017).
Kukonza deta
Tidzagwiritsa ntchito kachidindo komwe kamayikidwa pansipa kukonzekera mtundu wa data womwe ukufunika. Timachotsa mayina amzati, kutembenuza manambala kukhala nambala, ndikusintha deta pogwiritsa ntchito kukusanya () ntchito. Timasunga zonse zomwe zimalandiridwa mu gdp_tidy.csv kuti tigwiritsenso ntchito.
library(tidyverse)
library(janitor)
gdp <- read_csv("./data/GDP_Data.csv")
#select required columns
gdp <- gdp %>% select(3:15)
#filter only country rows
gdp <- gdp[1:217,]
gdp_tidy <- gdp %>%
mutate_at(vars(contains("YR")),as.numeric) %>%
gather(year,value,3:13) %>%
janitor::clean_names() %>%
mutate(year = as.numeric(stringr::str_sub(year,1,4)))
write_csv(gdp_tidy,"./data/gdp_tidy.csv")
Makanema a histogram
Kupanga kwawo kumafuna magawo awiri:
- Kukonza ma histograms enieni pogwiritsa ntchito ggplot2.
- Animate static histograms ndi magawo omwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito gganimate.
Chomaliza ndikupereka makanema ojambula mumtundu womwe mukufuna, kuphatikiza GIF kapena MP4.
Kutsegula malaibulale
- laibulale (yosintha)
- library (gganimate)
Kusamalira deta
Mu sitepe iyi, muyenera zosefera deta kupeza pamwamba 10 mayiko chaka chilichonse. Tiyeni tiwonjezere zigawo zingapo zomwe zingatilole kuwonetsa nthano ya histogram.
gdp_tidy <- read_csv("./data/gdp_tidy.csv")
gdp_formatted <- gdp_tidy %>%
group_by(year) %>%
# The * 1 makes it possible to have non-integer ranks while sliding
mutate(rank = rank(-value),
Value_rel = value/value[rank==1],
Value_lbl = paste0(" ",round(value/1e9))) %>%
group_by(country_name) %>%
filter(rank <=10) %>%
ungroup()
Kupanga ma static histograms
Tsopano popeza tili ndi phukusi la data mumtundu wofunikira, timayamba kujambula ma static histogram. Zambiri zoyambira - mayiko 10 apamwamba omwe ali ndi GDP yayikulu panthawi yosankhidwa. Timapanga ma grafu chaka chilichonse.
staticplot = ggplot(gdp_formatted, aes(rank, group = country_name,
fill = as.factor(country_name), color = as.factor(country_name))) +
geom_tile(aes(y = value/2,
height = value,
width = 0.9), alpha = 0.8, color = NA) +
geom_text(aes(y = 0, label = paste(country_name, " ")), vjust = 0.2, hjust = 1) +
geom_text(aes(y=value,label = Value_lbl, hjust=0)) +
coord_flip(clip = "off", expand = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
scale_x_reverse() +
guides(color = FALSE, fill = FALSE) +
theme(axis.line=element_blank(),
axis.text.x=element_blank(),
axis.text.y=element_blank(),
axis.ticks=element_blank(),
axis.title.x=element_blank(),
axis.title.y=element_blank(),
legend.position="none",
panel.background=element_blank(),
panel.border=element_blank(),
panel.grid.major=element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor=element_blank(),
panel.grid.major.x = element_line( size=.1, color="grey" ),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line( size=.1, color="grey" ),
plot.title=element_text(size=25, hjust=0.5, face="bold", colour="grey", vjust=-1),
plot.subtitle=element_text(size=18, hjust=0.5, face="italic", color="grey"),
plot.caption =element_text(size=8, hjust=0.5, face="italic", color="grey"),
plot.background=element_blank(),
plot.margin = margin(2,2, 2, 4, "cm"))
Kupanga ziwembu pogwiritsa ntchito ggplot2 ndikosavuta. Monga mukuwonera mugawo la code pamwambapa, pali mfundo zingapo zofunika ndi mutu () ntchito. Ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zonse ziziyenda popanda mavuto. Zina mwa izo sizingasonyezedwe ngati kuli kofunikira. Chitsanzo: Ndi mizere yoyima yokha ndi nthano zomwe zimajambulidwa, koma mitu ya axis ndi zigawo zina zingapo zimachotsedwa m'deralo.
makanema ojambula
Ntchito yofunikira apa ndi transition_states (), imagwirizanitsa ma graph osiyana siyana. view_follow () amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula mizere ya gridi.
anim = staticplot + transition_states(year, transition_length = 4, state_length = 1) +
view_follow(fixed_x = TRUE) +
labs(title = 'GDP per Year : {closest_state}',
subtitle = "Top 10 Countries",
caption = "GDP in Billions USD | Data Source: World Bank Data")
Kupereka
Kanemayo atapangidwa ndikusungidwa mu chinthu cha anim, ndi nthawi yoti mugwiritse ntchito animate () ntchito. Wopereka wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu animate() akhoza kukhala wosiyana kutengera mtundu wa fayilo yomwe ikufunika.
GIF
# For GIF
animate(anim, 200, fps = 20, width = 1200, height = 1000,
renderer = gifski_renderer("gganim.gif"))
MP4
# For MP4
animate(anim, 200, fps = 20, width = 1200, height = 1000,
renderer = ffmpeg_renderer()) -> for_mp4
anim_save("animation.mp4", animation = for_mp4 )
chifukwa
Monga mukuonera, palibe chovuta. Ntchito yonse ikupezeka mu , mutha kugwiritsa ntchito momwe mukufunira.
Skillbox imalimbikitsa:
- Zaka ziwiri zothandiza maphunziro .
- Njira yapaintaneti .
- Maphunziro othandiza a chaka chimodzi .
Source: www.habr.com