Mu 1942, Albert Camus analemba buku lotchedwa The Myth of Sisyphus. Ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri ya filosofi: Poganizira momwe moyo wathu ulili, kodi sitiyenera kudzipha? Yankho nali:
Camus amafotokoza koyamba za nthawi zomwe zili m'miyoyo yathu pomwe malingaliro athu okhudza dziko lapansi mwadzidzidzi amasiya kugwira ntchito, pomwe zoyesayesa zathu zonse zikuwoneka zopanda tanthauzo, kuphatikiza zomwe timachita tsiku ndi tsiku (ntchito yakunyumba). Pamene mwadzidzidzi mumamva ngati mlendo ndikudulidwa kudziko lino.
Munthawi zowopsa izi, timazindikira momveka bwino kuti moyo ndi wopanda pake.
Chifukwa + Dziko lopanda nzeru = Moyo wopanda pake
Kumverera kopanda pake kumeneku ndi zotsatira za mikangano. Kumbali ina, timakonzekera bwino za moyo, ndipo kumbali ina, timayang’anizana ndi dziko losadziŵika bwino lomwe siligwirizana ndi malingaliro athu.
Ndiye kupusa ndi chiyani? Kukhala wololera m’dziko lopanda nzeru.
Iyi ndiye mkangano waukulu. Pamene malingaliro athu omveka a dziko lapansi atsutsana ndi zenizeni, timakhala ndi mikangano.
Vuto lofunika kwambiri ndiloti tikhoza kutchula malingaliro athu okhudza dziko lapansi kukhala "wamuyaya," koma nthawi yomweyo timadziwa kuti nthawi ya moyo wathu ndi yochepa. Tonse timafa. Inde, inunso.
Choncho, ngati kulingalira ndi dziko lopanda nzeru ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndiye kuti tikhoza "kunyenga" ndikupewa vuto lachabechabe mwa kungochotsa chimodzi mwa zigawo ziwirizi, monga Camus amatsutsa.
Kukana dziko lopanda nzeru
Njira imodzi ndiyo kunyalanyaza kupanda tanthauzo kwa kukhalapo kwathu. Ngakhale kuti pali umboni woonekeratu, tikhoza kunamizira kuti chirichonse chiri chokhazikika ndikukhala mogwirizana ndi zolinga zakutali (kupuma pantchito, kupeza zofunika, pambuyo pa moyo, kupita patsogolo kwaumunthu, etc.). Camus akunena kuti ngati tichita izi, sitingathe kuchita mwaufulu, popeza zochita zathu zimagwirizana ndi ndondomeko zamuyaya izi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwera pamiyala ya dziko lopanda nzeru.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, kumamatira ku zitsanzo zathu zomveka kungakhale kopanda pake. Tidzakakamizika kukhala mu kukana, tiyenera kungokhulupirira.
Kuchotsa Zifukwa Zomveka
Njira yachiwiri yopewera kupusa ndikutaya kuganiza. Camus amatchula kusiyanasiyana kwa njira iyi. Akunena za anthanthi amene amalengeza kulingalira kukhala chida chachabechabe (Shestow, Jaspers) kapena amene amanena kuti dziko lino limatsatira kulingalira kwaumulungu kumene anthu sangamvetse (Kierkegaard).
Njira zonsezi ndizosavomerezeka kwa Camus. Iye amatcha njira iriyonse yonyalanyaza vuto la “kudzipha kwanzeru” kopanda pake.
Kupanduka, ufulu ndi chilakolako
Ngati “kudzipha mwanzeru” sikungatheke, nanga bwanji kudzipha kwenikweni? Camus sangavomereze kudzipha kuchokera kumalingaliro afilosofi. Kudzipha kungakhale chizindikiro champhamvu cha kuvomereza-tingavomereze kutsutsana pakati pa malingaliro athu aumunthu ndi dziko lopanda nzeru. Ndipo kudzipha m’dzina la kulingalira sikuli kwanzeru kwenikweni.
M'malo mwake, Camus akuwonetsa kuti achite izi:
1. Kusinthika kosalekeza: tiyenera kupandukira nthawi zonse pazochitika za moyo wathu ndipo motero tisalole kuti zopanda pake zife. Sitiyenera kuvomereza kugonja, ngakhale polimbana ndi imfa, ngakhale kuti tikudziwa kuti sitingaipeŵe m’kupita kwa nthaŵi. Kupanduka kosalekeza ndiyo njira yokhayo yokhalira mbali ya dziko lino.
2. Kanani ufulu Wamuyaya: M’malo mokhala akapolo a zitsanzo zamuyaya, tiyenera kumvera mawu a kulingalira, koma tizindikire zopereŵera zake ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito mosinthasintha ku mkhalidwe wamakono. Mwachidule: tiyenera kupeza ufulu pano ndi pano, osati chiyembekezo chamuyaya.
3. Kukonda. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti nthawi zonse timakhala ndi chilakolako cha moyo, tiyenera kukonda zonse zomwe zili mmenemo ndikuyesera kukhala moyo osati momwe tingathere, koma momwe tingathere.
Munthu wopusa amadziwa za imfa yake, komabe samavomereza, amadziwa za kulephera kwa malingaliro ake, komabe amawayamikira. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso cha moyo, amakumana ndi zosangalatsa komanso zowawa, komabe amayesa kupeza zambiri momwe angathere
Art of the Absurd - Kupanga popanda zinthu monga "mawa"
Albert Camus amapereka gawo lachitatu kwa wojambula yemwe amadziwa bwino zachabechabe. Wojambula wotereyo sadzayesa kufotokoza kapena kulimbikitsa malingaliro osatha kapena kuyesetsa kuti apange cholowa chomwe chidzayime nthawi zonse. Zochita izi zimakana chikhalidwe chopanda nzeru cha dziko lapansi.
M'malo mwake, amakonda wojambula wopanda pake yemwe amakhala ndi kulenga panthawiyi. Sanamangidwe ku lingaliro limodzi lokha. Iye ndi Don Juan wa malingaliro, wokonzeka kusiya ntchito pa zojambula zilizonse kuti agone usiku umodzi ndi wina. Kunja, kuyesayesa kowawa kumeneku ku chinthu chachifupi kwambiri kumawoneka ngati kopanda phindu - ndipo ndiye mfundo yonse! Kufotokozera mwaluso kumayambira pomwe malingaliro amathera.
Chifukwa chiyani Sisyphus ndi munthu wosangalala?
Tonse tikudziwa mbiri yakale yachi Greek ya Sisyphus, yemwe adapandukira milungu ndipo adalangidwa. Anaweruzidwa kukankhira mwala pamwamba pa phiri, kungoyang'ana ukutsika ndikuyesera kulikwezanso. Ndipo kachiwiri. Ndi zina zotero kwa muyaya.
Camus amamaliza buku lake ndi mawu odabwitsa, olimba mtima:
"Uyenera kulingalira Sisyphus wokondwa."
Iye akunena kuti Sisyphus ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwa ife chifukwa samalingalira za mkhalidwe wake wopanda tanthauzo komabe amapandukira mkhalidwe wake. Nthawi iliyonse mwala ukagubudukanso pathanthwepo, Sisyphus amapanga chisankho kuti ayeserenso. Iye akupitiriza kukankha mwala uwu ndi kuvomereza kuti iyi ndiyo mfundo yonse ya kukhalapo: kukhala ndi moyo weniweni, kupitiriza kukankhira.
Source: www.habr.com