Pang'ono pazomwe "sayansi yamakompyuta" inali kusukulu m'zaka za m'ma 90, komanso chifukwa chake onse opanga mapulogalamu anali odziphunzitsa okha.
Zomwe ana amaphunzitsidwa kupanga pulogalamu
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, sukulu za Moscow zinayamba kukhala ndi makalasi apakompyuta. Nthawi yomweyo zipindazo zinali ndi mipiringidzo pa mawindo ndi chitseko cholemera chachitsulo. Kuchokera kwinakwake, adawonekera mphunzitsi wa sayansi ya makompyuta (anawoneka ngati bwenzi lofunika kwambiri pambuyo pa wotsogolera), yemwe ntchito yake yaikulu inali kuonetsetsa kuti palibe amene wakhudza chilichonse. Palibe konse. Ngakhale khomo lakumaso.
M'makalasi munthu amatha kupeza BK-0010 (mumitundu yake) ndi machitidwe a BK-0011M.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa
Anawo adauzidwa za kapangidwe kake, komanso pafupifupi malamulo khumi ndi awiri a BASIC kuti athe kujambula mizere ndi mabwalo pazenera. Kwa magiredi achichepere ndi apakati, izi mwina zinali zokwanira.
Panali zovuta zina pakusunga zolengedwa zamunthu (mapulogalamu). Nthawi zambiri, makompyuta omwe amagwiritsa ntchito olamulira a mono-channel amaphatikizidwa kukhala maukonde okhala ndi topology ya "basi wamba" komanso kuthamanga kwa 57600 baud. Monga lamulo, panali disk imodzi yokha, ndipo zinthu nthawi zambiri zinkalakwika. Nthawi zina zimagwira ntchito, nthawi zina sizitero, nthawi zina maukonde amaundana, nthawi zina floppy disk ndi yosawerengeka.
Kenako ndinanyamula chilengedwechi chokhala ndi mphamvu ya 360 kB.
Mwayi woti ndipezenso pulogalamu yanga inali 50-70 peresenti.
Komabe, vuto lalikulu ndi nkhani zonsezi ndi makompyuta a BC linali kuzizira kosatha.
Izi zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse, kaya kulemba khodi kapena kuchita pulogalamu. Dongosolo lozizira limatanthauza kuti mudakhala mphindi 45 pachabe, chifukwa ... Ndinayenera kuchita zonse mobwerezabwereza, koma nthawi yotsala yophunzirira sinali yokwanira pa izi.
Chakumapeto kwa 1993, m'masukulu ena ndi ma lyceums, makalasi abwinobwino okhala ndi magalimoto 286 adawonekera, ndipo m'malo ena panali ma ruble atatu. Pankhani ya zilankhulo zamapulogalamu, panali njira ziwiri: pomwe "BASIC" inatha, "Turbo Pascal" inayamba.
Kukonzekera mu "Turbo Pascal" pogwiritsa ntchito "akasinja"
Pogwiritsa ntchito Pascal, ana anaphunzitsidwa kupanga malupu, kujambula mitundu yonse ya ntchito, ndi kugwira ntchito ndi magulu. Ku physics ndi masamu lyceum, kumene βndinakhalaβ kwa kanthaΕ΅i, banja limodzi pamlungu linapatsidwa ntchito ya sayansi ya makompyuta. Ndipo kwa zaka ziwiri panali malo otopetsa awa. Zachidziwikire, ndimafuna kuchita china chokulirapo kuposa kuwonetsa zamitundu yambiri kapena mtundu wina wa sinusoid pazenera.
Matanki
Battle City inali imodzi mwamasewera otchuka kwambiri pa NES clone consoles (Dendy, etc.).
Mu 1996, kutchuka kwa 8-bits kudadutsa, adasonkhanitsa fumbi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zinkawoneka bwino kwa ine kupanga "Tanki" ya PC ngati chinthu chachikulu. Zotsatirazi ndi za momwe kumbuyoko kunali koyenera kuthawa kuti mulembe chinachake ndi zithunzi, mbewa ndi phokoso pa Pascal.
Mutha kujambula ndodo ndi mabwalo okha
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zojambula.
M'mawonekedwe ake oyambira, Pascal adakulolani kuti mujambule mawonekedwe, utoto ndikuzindikira mitundu ya mfundo. Njira zapamwamba kwambiri mu gawo la Graph zomwe zimatifikitsa pafupi ndi ma sprites ndi GetImage ndi PutImage. Ndi chithandizo chawo, zinali zotheka kujambula gawo la chinsalu mu malo okumbukira omwe anali osungidwa kale ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidutswa ichi ngati chithunzi cha bitmap. Mwanjira ina, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zina kapena zithunzi pazenera, mumazijambula kaye, kuzikopera pamtima, kufufuta chophimba, kujambula chotsatira, ndi zina zotero mpaka mutapanga laibulale yomwe mukufuna kukumbukira. Popeza zonse zimachitika mwachangu, wogwiritsa ntchito samazindikira zanzeru izi.
Gawo loyamba lomwe ma sprites adagwiritsidwa ntchito anali mapu mkonzi.
Inali ndi malo osewerera olembedwa. Kudina mbewa kunabweretsa menyu pomwe mutha kusankha chimodzi mwazopinga zinayi. Kunena za mbewa...
Mbewa ili kale kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90s
Inde, aliyense anali ndi mbewa, koma mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 90 ankagwiritsidwa ntchito Windows 3.11, mapepala a zithunzi, ndi masewera ochepa. Wolf ndi Doom ankaseweredwa ndi kiyibodi yokha. Ndipo m'malo a DOS mbewa sinafunike makamaka. Chifukwa chake, Borland sanaphatikizepo gawo la mbewa mu phukusi lokhazikika. Mwafwainwa kumusanchila kupichila mu bakwabo, kabiji bayukileβmba: βNanchi mwafwainwa kumutambwila?
Komabe, kupeza gawo loti mufufuze mbewa ndi theka la nkhondo. Kuti muthe kudina mabatani omwe ali pazenera ndi mbewa, adayenera kukokedwa. Komanso, m'mitundu iwiri (yoponderezedwa komanso yosakanizidwa). Batani lomwe silinasindikizidwe limakhala ndi kuwala pamwamba ndi mthunzi pansi pake. Mukapanikizidwa, ndi njira ina mozungulira. Kenako jambulani pazenera katatu (osakanizidwa, osakanizidwa, osakanizidwanso). Kuphatikiza apo, musaiwale kukhazikitsa kuchedwa kwa chiwonetsero, ndikubisa cholozera.
Mwachitsanzo, kukonza menyu yayikulu mu code kumawoneka motere:
Phokoso - PC speaker yekha
Nkhani yosiyana yokhala ndi mawu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi, ojambula a Sound Blaster anali akukonzekera ulendo wawo wopambana, ndipo ntchito zambiri zinkangogwira ntchito ndi wokamba nkhani. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zake ndikutulutsanso nthawi imodzi ya toni imodzi. Ndipo ndizomwe Turbo Pascal adakulolani kuchita. Kupyolera mu ndondomeko ya phokoso kunali kotheka "kugwedeza" ndi maulendo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala zokwanira phokoso lamfuti ndi kuphulika, koma kwa owonetsera nyimbo, monga momwe zinalili panthawiyo, izi sizinali zoyenera. Chotsatira chake, yankho lachinyengo kwambiri linapezedwa: muzosungira za pulogalamuyo, "fayilo ya exe" inapezeka, yotulutsidwa kamodzi kuchokera ku BBS ina. Amatha kuchita zozizwitsa - kusewera ma wavs osakanizidwa kudzera pa PC speaker, ndipo adazichita kuchokera pamzere wolamula ndipo analibe mawonekedwe enieni. Zomwe zimafunikira ndikuyitcha kudzera mu njira ya Pascal exec ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yomangayi isagwe.
Zotsatira zake, nyimbo zakupha zidawonekera pazenera, koma chodabwitsa chinachitika nacho. Mu 1996, ndinali ndi makina a Pentium 75, okwera mpaka 90. Zonse zinayenda bwino. Ku yunivesite kumene Pascal anaikidwa kwa ife mu semester yachiwiri, munali "ma ruble atatu" ovala bwino m'kalasi. Mwa kuvomerezana ndi aphunzitsi, ndinatengera akasinja ameneΕ΅a ku phunziro lachiΕ΅iri kuti ndikapeze mayeso osapitanso kumeneko. Ndipo kotero, atatha kutsegulira, mkokomo waukulu wosakanizidwa ndi phokoso la mkokomo unatuluka mwa wokamba nkhani. Nthawi zambiri, 33-megahertz DX "khadi ya ma ruble atatu" idakhala yosatheka kupota "executable" yomweyo. Koma apo ayi zonse zinali bwino. Zachidziwikire, osawerengera kuvotera kwapang'onopang'ono, komwe kunawononga masewera onse, mosasamala kanthu za magwiridwe antchito a PC.
Koma vuto lalikulu si Pascal
Pakumvetsetsa kwanga, "Tanki" ndiye kuchuluka komwe kumatha kufinyidwa kuchokera ku Turbo Pascal popanda kuyika msonkhano. Zolakwika zodziwikiratu za chinthu chomaliza ndi kuvotera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kiyibodi ndikujambula pang'onopang'ono. Zinthu zidakulitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa malaibulale a chipani chachitatu ndi ma module. Amatha kuwerengedwa pa zala za dzanja limodzi.
Koma chimene chinandikhumudwitsa kwambiri chinali njira yophunzirira kusukulu. Palibe amene ankauza ana za ubwino ndi mwayi wa zinenero zina. M'kalasi, iwo pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anayamba kulankhula za kuyamba, println ndi ngati, amene anatseka ophunzira mkati BASIC-Pascal paradigm. Zilankhulo zonse ziwirizi zitha kuonedwa ngati zamaphunziro basi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo "kumenyana" ndizochitika kawirikawiri.
Chifukwa chiyani kuphunzitsa ana zinenero zabodza ndi chinsinsi kwa ine. Asiyeni akhale owoneka bwino. Lolani kusiyana kwa BASIC kugwiritsidwe ntchito apa ndi apo. Koma, mulimonse, ngati munthu waganiza kulumikiza tsogolo lake ndi mapulogalamu, ayenera kuphunzira zinenero zina kuyambira pachiyambi. Nanga nβcifukwa ciani ana sayenera kupatsidwa nchito zophunzila zofanana, koma pa pulatifomu yachibadwa (chinenero), mmene angapitile patsogolo paokha?
Kulankhula za ntchito. Kusukulu ndi ku koleji nthawi zonse anali osamvetsetseka: kuwerengera chinachake, kupanga ntchito, kujambula chinachake. Ndinaphunzira m'masukulu atatu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo "Pascal" m'chaka choyamba cha sukuluyi, ndipo aphunzitsi sanabweretse vuto lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, pangani kope kapena chinthu china chothandiza. Zonse zinali zakutali. Ndipo pamene munthu amatha miyezi kuthetsa mavuto opanda kanthu, omwe amapita ku zinyalala ... Kawirikawiri, anthu amachoka kale kusukulu atawotchedwa.
Mwa njira, m'chaka chachitatu cha yunivesite yomweyi, tinapatsidwa "zowonjezera" mu pulogalamuyi. Zinkawoneka ngati zabwino, koma anthu anali otopa, odzaza ndi zabodza komanso ntchito za "maphunziro". Palibe amene anali wosangalala ngati nthawi yoyamba.
PS Ndidafufuza za zilankhulo zomwe tsopano zikuphunzitsidwa m'makalasi a sayansi yamakompyuta m'masukulu. Chilichonse ndi chofanana ndi zaka 25 zapitazo: Basic, Pascal. Python imabwera muzinthu zophatikizika.
Source: www.habr.com