Gulu la ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya California, San Diego, apanga njira yodziwira zida zam'manja pogwiritsa ntchito ma beacon omwe amatumizidwa pamlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olandira Bluetooth osagwira ntchito kuti azindikire zipangizo zatsopano zomwe zili mkati mwake.
Malingana ndi kukhazikitsidwa, zizindikiro za ma beacon zimatumizidwa pafupipafupi pafupifupi nthawi za 500 pamphindi ndipo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi omwe amapanga muyezo, ndizopanda umunthu ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumangiriza kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. M'malo mwake, zinthu zidakhala zosiyana ndipo zikatumizidwa, chizindikirocho chimasokonekera chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimachitika panthawi yopanga chip aliyense. Zosokoneza izi, zomwe zimakhala zapadera komanso zokhazikika pa chipangizo chilichonse, zitha kudziwika pogwiritsa ntchito ma transceivers okhazikika (SDR, Software Defined Radio).
Vuto likuwonekera mu tchipisi chophatikizira chomwe chimaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito a Wi-Fi ndi Bluetooth, gwiritsani ntchito oscillator wamba ndi zida zingapo zofananira zofananira, zomwe zimatsogolera ku asymmetry mu gawo ndi matalikidwe. Mtengo wonse wa zida zochitira chiwembuchi ndi pafupifupi $200. Zitsanzo zamakhodi zochotsa zilembo zapadera kuchokera ku siginecha yolandidwa zimasindikizidwa pa GitHub.
M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe omwe azindikiridwa amalola kuti chipangizocho chidziwike, mosasamala kanthu za kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitchinjiriza monga ma adilesi a MAC. Kwa iPhone, ma tag olandirira ma tag okwanira kuti adziwike anali 7 metres, pomwe pulogalamu ya COVID-19 ikugwira ntchito. Pazida za Android, chizindikiritso chimafunika kuyandikira kwambiri.
Kuti atsimikizire kuti njirayo ikugwira ntchito, zoyesera zingapo zidachitika m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri monga ma cafe. Pakuyesa koyamba, zida za 162 zidawunikidwa, zomwe zizindikiritso zapadera zidapangidwira 40%. Pakuyesa kwachiwiri, zida zam'manja za 647 zidaphunziridwa, ndipo zozindikiritsa zapadera zidapangidwira 47% mwazo. Potsirizira pake, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiritso zopangidwa kuti zifufuze kayendetsedwe ka zipangizo za odzipereka omwe adavomera kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa kunawonetsedwa.
Ochita kafukufuku adawonanso zovuta zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuzindikira kukhala kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, magawo a chizindikiro cha beacon amakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, osati mtunda womwe chizindikirocho chimalandilidwa chimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya siginecha ya Bluetooth yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zina. Kuti aletse njira yozindikiritsira yomwe ikufunsidwa, ikuyenera kusefa chizindikiro pamlingo wa firmware wa chipangizo cha Bluetooth kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zotetezera. Kuletsa Bluetooth sikokwanira nthawi zonse, chifukwa zida zina (mwachitsanzo, mafoni a m'manja a Apple) zimapitilira kutumiza ma beacons ngakhale Bluetooth ikazimitsidwa ndipo imafuna kutseka kwathunthu kwa chipangizocho kuti aletse kutumiza.
Source: opennet.ru