TEMPEST ndi EMSEC: Kodi mafunde amagetsi angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi cyber?

Venezuela posachedwapa mndandanda wa kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi, zomwe zasiya maboma 11 a dziko lino opanda magetsi. Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa chochitikachi, boma la Nicolás Maduro linanena kuti linali ntchito yowononga, zomwe zinatheka chifukwa cha kuukira kwa magetsi ndi cyber pa kampani yamagetsi ya dziko Corpoelec ndi zomera zake zamagetsi. M'malo mwake, boma lodzitcha la Juan Guaidó linangolemba kuti "kusagwira ntchito [ndi] kulephera kwa boma".

Popanda kusanthula mopanda tsankho komanso mozama za momwe zinthu zilili, ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa ngati kuzimitsa uku kudachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kapena ngati kudachitika chifukwa chosowa kukonza. Komabe, zonenedweratu zomwe akuti zawononga zimadzutsa mafunso angapo osangalatsa okhudzana ndi chitetezo chazidziwitso. Makina ambiri owongolera m'magawo ofunikira, monga magetsi, amatsekedwa ndipo chifukwa chake alibe kulumikizana kwakunja ndi intaneti. Chifukwa chake funso limabuka: kodi oukira pa intaneti atha kupeza njira zotsekera za IT popanda kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi makompyuta awo? Yankho ndi lakuti inde. Pachifukwa ichi, mafunde a electromagnetic amatha kukhala vekitala yowukira.

Momwe "mungagwire" ma radiation a electromagnetic

Zida zonse zamagetsi zimapanga ma radiation mu mawonekedwe a ma electromagnetic ndi ma acoustic sign. Kutengera zinthu zingapo, monga mtunda ndi kukhalapo kwa zopinga, zida zowonera zitha "kujambula" ma siginecha kuchokera pazida izi pogwiritsa ntchito tinyanga tapadera kapena ma maikolofoni okhudzidwa kwambiri (pakakhala ma siginecha acoustic) ndikuwongolera kuti atenge zambiri. Zida zotere zimaphatikizapo zowunikira ndi kiyibodi, motero zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi zigawenga za pa intaneti.

Ngati tilankhula za oyang'anira, mmbuyo mu 1985 wofufuza Wim van Eyck adasindikiza chikalata choyamba unclassified za kuopsa kwa chitetezo chobwera ndi ma radiation ochokera ku zida zotere. Monga mukukumbukira, nthawi imeneyo oyang'anira ankagwiritsa ntchito machubu a cathode ray (CRTs). Kafukufuku wake adawonetsa kuti ma radiation kuchokera pa chowunikira amatha "kuwerengedwa" chapatali ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazowunikira. Chodabwitsa ichi chimadziwika kuti van Eyck interception, ndipo kwenikweni ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa, chifukwa chake mayiko angapo, kuphatikizapo Brazil ndi Canada, amaona kuti njira zovota pakompyuta ndi zosatetezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera chisankho.

Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofikira laputopu ina yomwe ili m'chipinda chotsatira. Gwero: University of Tel Aviv

Ngakhale zowunikira za LCD masiku ano zimatulutsa ma radiation ochepa kwambiri kuposa oyang'anira CRT, kafukufuku waposachedwapa adawonetsa kuti nawonso ali pachiwopsezo. Komanso, akatswiri ochokera ku yunivesite ya Tel Aviv (Israel) adawonetsa izi momveka bwino. Anatha kupeza zomwe zili m'kati mwa laputopu yomwe ili m'chipinda chotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosavuta zomwe zimadula pafupifupi US $ 3000, zomwe zimakhala ndi mlongoti, amplifier ndi laputopu yokhala ndi mapulogalamu apadera opangira zizindikiro.

Kumbali inayi, ma keyboards okha amatha kukhala tcheru kuletsa ma radiation awo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali chiwopsezo cha ziwopsezo za cyber pomwe owukira atha kupezanso ziphaso zolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi posanthula makiyi omwe adasindikizidwa pa kiyibodi.

TEMPEST ndi EMSEC

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation kuti atulutse zidziwitso kunali koyamba pa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, ndipo kumalumikizidwa ndi mawaya amafoni. Njirazi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Cold War ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, adasokoneza chikalata cha NASA kuyambira 1973 akufotokoza momwe, mu 1962, mkulu wa chitetezo ku Embassy ya US ku Japan adapeza kuti dipole lomwe linayikidwa pachipatala chapafupi linali lolunjika ku nyumba ya ambassy kuti azindikire zizindikiro zake.

Koma lingaliro la TEMPEST motero limayamba kuwonekera kale mu 70s ndi yoyamba malangizo achitetezo a radiation omwe adawonekera ku USA . Dzina la codeli likutanthauza kafukufuku wotulutsa zinthu zomwe mwangozi umachokera ku zida zamagetsi zomwe zimatha kutulutsa zambiri. Muyezo wa TEMPEST unapangidwa US National Security Agency (NSA) ndipo zinapangitsa kuti pakhale miyezo ya chitetezo yomwe inalinso adalandiridwa ku NATO.

Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi mawu akuti EMSEC (chitetezo cha mpweya), yomwe ili mbali ya miyezo COMSEC (chitetezo cholumikizana).

Chitetezo cha TEMPEST

Chithunzi chojambula chofiyira chofiira/Chakuda cha chida cholumikizirana. Gwero: David Kleidermacher

Choyamba, chitetezo cha TEMPEST chimagwira ntchito pamalingaliro oyambira achinsinsi omwe amadziwika kuti Red/Black architecture. Lingaliroli limagawaniza machitidwe kukhala zida za "Red", zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinsinsi, ndi zida za "Black", zomwe zimatumiza deta popanda gulu lachitetezo. Chimodzi mwa zolinga za chitetezo cha TEMPEST ndi kulekanitsa uku, komwe kumalekanitsa zigawo zonse, kulekanitsa zida "zofiira" kuchokera ku "zakuda" ndi zosefera zapadera.

Chachiwiri, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zida zonse zimatulutsa mulingo wina wa radiation. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri chidzakhala chitetezo chokwanira cha malo onse, kuphatikizapo makompyuta, machitidwe ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso zosatheka kwa mabungwe ambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zowonjezereka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Zoning Assessment: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika chitetezo cha TEMPEST cha malo, makhazikitsidwe, ndi makompyuta. Pambuyo pa kuwunikaku, zothandizira zitha kutumizidwa ku zigawo ndi makompyuta omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino kapena deta yosasungidwa. Mabungwe osiyanasiyana omwe amawongolera chitetezo chamgwirizano, monga NSA ku USA kapena CCN ku Spain, tsimikizirani njira zoterezi.

• Madera otetezedwa: Kuwunika kwa malo kungasonyeze kuti malo ena okhala ndi makompyuta sakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zachitetezo. Zikatero, njira imodzi ndikutchinjiriza kwathunthu malo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makabati otetezedwa pamakompyuta oterowo. Makabatiwa amapangidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa ma radiation.

• Makompyuta okhala ndi ziphaso zawo za TEMPEST: Nthawi zina kompyuta ingakhale pamalo otetezeka koma ilibe chitetezo chokwanira. Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chomwe chilipo, pali makompyuta ndi machitidwe olankhulirana omwe ali ndi certification yawo ya TEMPEST, kutsimikizira chitetezo cha hardware yawo ndi zigawo zina.

TEMPEST ikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale mabizinesi ali ndi malo otetezedwa kapena osalumikizidwa ndi mauthenga akunja, palibe chitsimikizo kuti ali otetezeka kwathunthu. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ziwopsezo zambiri m'magawo ofunikira zimakhala zokhudzana ndi ziwopsezo wamba (mwachitsanzo, ransomware), zomwe ndizomwe timachita. posachedwapa. Pazifukwa izi, ndizosavuta kupewa ziwopsezo zotere pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera komanso njira zotetezera zambiri ndi njira zachitetezo chapamwamba. Kuphatikizira njira zonse zodzitchinjiriza ndi njira yokhayo yowonetsetsera chitetezo cha machitidwe ofunikira tsogolo la kampani kapena dziko lonse.

Source: www.habr.com