Zapamwamba 7 (+) zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zomwe zidachitikapo

Posachedwapa ndazindikira chinachake. Ndisanasamale, tsopano ndikuzidziwa - ndipo sindinazikonde. M'maphunziro anu onse amakampani, komanso kuyambira kusukulu ya pulayimale, timauzidwa zinthu zambiri, pomwe, monga lamulo, palibe malo okwanira adventurism, kusasamala ndi kupambana kwa mzimu waumunthu muzoyera zake, zosasunthika. mawonekedwe. Mitundu yonse ya mafilimu osiyanasiyana ikupangidwa, zolemba ndi mafilimu, koma ochepa chabe a iwo amanena za zochitika zapadera kwambiri kotero kuti n'zovuta kuzikhulupirira. Ndipo omwe amajambulidwa amakhala ndi bajeti yochepa ndipo samakonda kukopa owonera ambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti palibe amene ali ndi chidwi. Ndipo palibe amene ayenera kukumbutsidwanso. Ndani akudziwa, mwinamwake wina adzalimbikitsidwa kuchoka pamalo ake ndipo ... akufunanso. Ndiyeno zotayika ndi kukhumudwa kwathunthu. Munthu wosadziwika akukhala mu ofesi yake momasuka popanda mpweya wabwino, ndiye amabwera kunyumba kwake mu gulu Khrushchev nyumba kunja kwa malo okhala, kumene over-salted borscht amamuyembekezera chakudya. Panthawiyi, mwinamwake, kwinakwake padziko lapansi sewero likuchitika, lomwe lidzalowa m'mbiri, ndipo pafupifupi aliyense adzayiwala nthawi yomweyo. Koma sitikudziwa za izi. Koma tikudziwa za ena - ndipo, si onse - nkhani za zochitika zodabwitsa zomwe zidachitikira anthu m'mbuyomu. Ndikufuna kulankhula za ena mwa iwo omwe adandisangalatsa kwambiri. Sindidzakuuzani za onse omwe ndikuwadziwa, ngakhale kuti ine, ndithudi, sindikudziwa za aliyense. Mndandandawu umapangidwa mokhazikika, apa pali okhawo omwe, m'malingaliro anga, omwe ali oyenera kutchulidwa. Kotero, 7 mwa nkhani zodabwitsa kwambiri. Sikuti onse anatha mosangalala, koma ndikulonjeza kuti sipadzakhala imodzi yomwe ingatchedwe yopusa.

7. Kupanduka Kwabwino

Britain, mosakayikira, ili ndi ukulu wake chifukwa cha zombo zake ndi mfundo zake zautsamunda. M'mbuyomu, kwa zaka mazana ambiri linkakonzekeretsa maulendo okafufuza zinthu zothandiza, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yotulukira zinthu zambiri zokhudza malo. Mmodzi mwa maulendo wamba, koma ofunika kwambiriwa anali oti apite panyanja kuti apeze breadfruit. Mbeu zamtengowo zimayenera kutengedwa pachilumba cha Tahiti, kenako ndikuzipereka kumadera akummwera kwa England, komwe zikadadziwika ndikulandidwa. njala. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito ya boma sinamalizidwe, ndipo zochitika zidakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kuposa momwe amayembekezera.

Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la Royal Navy linapereka chombo chatsopano cha masitepe atatu Bounty, chokhala ndi mfuti za 14 (!) , basi, zomwe zinaperekedwa kwa Captain William Bligh kuti azilamulira.

Ogwira ntchitoyo adalembedwa mwaufulu komanso mokakamiza - monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira msilikali wapamadzi. Mkristu wina wa Fletcher, munthu wowala wa zochitika zamtsogolo, adakhala wothandizira wa kaputeni. Pa Seputembala 3, 1788, gulu lamaloto lidakweza nangula ndikusamukira ku Tahiti.

Ulendo wotopetsa wa masiku 250 wokhala ndi zovuta monga scurvy ndi Captain Bligh wolimba, yemwe, makamaka, kuti akweze mzimu, adakakamiza ogwira ntchito kuti aziimba ndi kuvina tsiku ndi tsiku kuti azitsatira violin, adafika bwino komwe akupita. . Bligh anali atapitako ku Tahiti ndipo analandiridwa mwaubwenzi ndi nzika za m’dzikoli. Popezerapo mwayi pa udindo wake, ndi kuti atetezeke, atapereka ziphuphu kwa anthu otchuka akumaloko, analandira chilolezo cha kumanga msasa pachisumbucho ndi kutolera mbande za mtengo wa breadfruit umene unapezedwa m’malo ameneŵa. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi gululo linatolera mbande ndi kukonzekera ulendo wobwerera kunyumba. Sitimayo inali ndi mphamvu yonyamulira yoyenera, kotero kuti mbande zambiri zinakololedwa, zomwe zimalongosola kukhala kwautali pachilumbachi, komanso kuti gululo limangofuna kumasuka.

Inde, moyo waufulu m’madera otentha unali wabwinoko kuposa kuyenda m’ngalawa monga mmene zinalili m’zaka za m’ma 18. Mamembala amgululi adayamba ubale ndi anthu amderalo, kuphatikiza okondana. Chifukwa chake, anthu angapo adathawa atangotsala pang'ono kuyenda panyanja pa Epulo 4, 1789. Kapitaoyo, mothandizidwa ndi anthu a m’dzikoli, anawapeza n’kuwalanga. Mwachidule, gululi lidayamba kudandaula kuchokera ku mayesero atsopano komanso kuopsa kwa captain. Aliyense anakwiya kwambiri ndi mfundo yakuti woyendetsa sitimayo ankasungira anthu madzi potengera zomera zomwe zimafuna kuthirira. Munthu sangamunene Bly chifukwa cha izi: ntchito yake inali yopereka mitengo, ndipo anaichita. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito chuma cha anthu kunali mtengo wa yankho.

Pa April 28, 1789, kuleza mtima kwa ambiri a ogwira ntchito kunatha. Kupanduka kunkatsogoleredwa ndi munthu woyamba pambuyo pa kapitawo - yemweyo wothandizira Fletcher Christian. M’maŵa mwake, zigawengazo zinatenga kapitawoyo m’kanyumba kake ndi kum’manga pakama, ndipo kenaka anam’tulutsa m’sitimayo ndi kukambitsira mlandu wotsogozedwa ndi Mkristu. Kuyamikira kwa zigawengazo, sanabweretse chipwirikiti ndipo anachita mofatsa: Bligh ndi anthu 18 omwe anakana kuchirikiza chipandukocho anaikidwa m'bwato lalitali, atapatsidwa zina, madzi, sabers angapo a dzimbiri ndikumasulidwa. Zida zokhazo zomwe Bligh ankagwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa panyanja zinali zotumizira mauthenga otumizirana mameseji ndi wotchi ya m'thumba. Iwo anafika pachilumba cha Tofua, mtunda wa makilomita 30 kuchokera kwawo. Tsoka silinali lachifundo kwa aliyense - munthu m'modzi adaphedwa ndi anthu ammudzi pachilumbachi, koma ena onse adanyamuka ndipo, atayenda mtunda wa makilomita 6701 (!!!), adafika pachilumba cha Timor m'masiku 47, womwe ndi ulendo wodabwitsa womwewo. . Koma izi siziri za iwo. Kenako woyendetsa ndegeyo anazengedwa mlandu, koma sanamupeze ndi mlandu. Kuyambira pano ulendo wokha umayamba, ndipo zonse zomwe zidabwera m'mbuyomu ndi mawu.

Panali anthu 24 omwe anatsala m'sitimayo: 20 achiwembu ndi ena 4 ogwira nawo ntchito okhulupirika kwa kapitawo wakale, omwe analibe malo okwanira pa boti lalitali (ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni, opandukawo sanali osamvera malamulo). Mwachibadwa, iwo sanayerekeze kubwerera ku Tahiti, powopa chilango cha dziko lawo. Zoyenera kuchita? Ndiko kulondola ... anapeza lake dziko ndi breadfruit ndi akazi Tahitian. Koma zinalinso zosavuta kunena. Poyamba, omenyana ndi dongosololi anapita ku chilumba cha Tubuai ndipo anayesa kukhala kumeneko, koma sanagwirizane ndi mbadwa, chifukwa chake anakakamizika kubwerera ku Tahiti pambuyo pa miyezi itatu. Atafunsidwa kumene kapitawoyo anapita, anthu akumeneko anauzidwa kuti anakumana ndi Cook, amene anali anzake. Chodabwitsa chinali chakuti Bly anatha kuuza anthu a m’deralo za imfa ya Cook, choncho analibenso mafunso. Ngakhale kuti kapitawo watsoka anakhala zaka zambiri ndipo anamwalira pabedi lake chifukwa cha chilengedwe.

Ku Tahiti, Mkhristu nthawi yomweyo anayamba kukonzekera zochitika zina za chipwirikiticho kuti aphatikize bwino komanso kuti asaimbidwe mlandu - oimira gulu lachilango pa sitima ya Pandora motsogoleredwa ndi Edward Edwards anali atawasiyira kale. 8 Angelezi, limodzi ndi Christian, anaganiza zochoka pachisumbu chaubwenzi cha pa Bounty kukafunafuna malo abata, pamene ena onse, motsogozedwa ndi kulingalira za kusalakwa kwawo (monga momwe anawonera), anasankha kukhala. Patapita nthawi, iwo anadza kwa iwo amene anatsala ndi kuwagwira m'ndende (pofika nthawi yomangidwa, awiri anali atafa kale okha, ndiye anayi anafa pa ngozi ya Pandora, ena anayi - omwe analibe. malo okwanira pa ngalawa yaitali - anamasulidwa, mmodzi anakhululukidwa, asanu ena anapachikidwa - awiri a iwo chifukwa chosakana kupanduka, ndipo atatu chifukwa cha kutenga nawo mbali). Ndipo Bounty, yokhala ndi nzika zogwira ntchito bwino zomwe mwanzeru zidatenga akazi 12 am'deralo ndi amuna 6 okhulupirika kwa iwo, adawasiya kuti azingoyendayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific.

Patapita nthawi, ngalawayo inafika pachilumba chosakhalamo anthu, pomwe mtengo wodziwika bwino wa breadfruit ndi nthochi zinakula, panali madzi, gombe, nkhalango - mwachidule, zonse zomwe zimayenera kukhala pachilumba cha chipululu. Ichi chinali chilumba cha Pitcairn, chomwe chinapezedwa posachedwapa, mu 1767, ndi woyendetsa ngalawa Philip Carteret. Pachilumbachi, othawawo anali ndi mwayi wodabwitsa: maulendo ake adakonzedwa pamapu ndi zolakwika za makilomita 350, choncho ulendo wofufuza wa Royal Navy sunawapeze, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse ankafufuza chilumba chilichonse. Umu ndi momwe dziko laling'ono latsopano linayambira ndipo likadalipo pachilumba cha Pitcairn. Bounty anayenera kuwotchedwa kuti asasiye umboni komanso kuti asayesedwe kupita kwinakwake. Akuti miyala ya ngalawayo imaonekabe m’nyanja ya pachilumbachi.

Kupitilira apo, tsogolo la anthu osamukira kumayiko ena adakula motere. Pambuyo pa zaka zoŵerengeka za moyo waufulu, mu 1793, mkangano unabuka pakati pa amuna a ku Tahiti ndi Achingelezi, monga chotulukapo chake kuti oyambawo sanasiyidwenso ndipo Mkristu nayenso anaphedwa. Mwachionekere, zimene zinayambitsa mkanganowo zinali kusowa kwa akazi ndi kuponderezedwa kwa anthu a ku Tahiti, amene azungu (omwe, komabe, sanalinso oyera) anawatenga ngati akapolo. Angerezi ena awiri posakhalitsa anamwalira ndi uchidakwa - adaphunzira kuchotsa mowa kuchokera ku mizu ya chomera chakumaloko. Mmodzi anamwalira ndi mphumu. Azimayi atatu a ku Tahiti anamwaliranso. Pazonse, pofika m'chaka cha 1800, pafupifupi zaka 10 pambuyo pa chipanduko, munthu mmodzi yekha ndi amene anakhalabe ndi moyo, akadali okhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zotsatira za ulendo wake. Uyu anali John Adams (wotchedwanso Alexander Smith). Anazunguliridwa ndi akazi 9 ndi ana 10 aang’ono. Kenako panali ana 25: Adams sanachedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, adabweretsa dongosolo kwa anthu ammudzi, adazolowera anthu okhalamo Chikhristu ndikukonza maphunziro a achinyamata. Mu mawonekedwe awa, zaka 8 pambuyo pake, "boma" linapeza sitima yapamadzi yaku America "Topazi" ikudutsa mwangozi. Woyendetsa sitimayo anauza dziko lonse za chilumba cha paradaiso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, kumene boma la Britain linachita modabwitsa mokoma mtima ndikukhululukira Adams mlanduwo chifukwa cha lamulo la malire. Adams anamwalira mu 1829, ali ndi zaka 62, atazunguliridwa ndi ana ndi akazi ambiri omwe amamukonda kwambiri. Malo okhawo pachilumbachi, Adamstown, amatchulidwa dzina lake.

Masiku ano, anthu pafupifupi 100 amakhala m'chigawo cha Pitcairn, chomwe sichili chaching'ono kwambiri pachilumba chokhala ndi malo okwana ma kilomita 4.6. Chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha anthu 233 chinafikiridwa mu 1937, pambuyo pake chiwerengero cha anthu chinachepa chifukwa cha kusamuka ku New Zealand ndi Australia, koma kumbali ina kunali anthu omwe anabwera kudzakhala pachilumbachi. Poyamba, Pitcairn imatengedwa kuti ndi gawo lakunja kwa Great Britain. Ili ndi nyumba yamalamulo, sukulu, njira ya intaneti ya 128 kbps komanso .pn yake, nambala yafoni yokhala ndi mtengo wokongola wa +64. Maziko a chuma ndi zokopa alendo ndi gawo laling'ono la ulimi. Anthu aku Russia amafunikira visa yaku Britain, koma mogwirizana ndi aboma atha kuloledwa kulowa popanda mpaka milungu iwiri.

6. Chihema chofiira

Ndinaphunzira za nkhaniyi kuchokera mufilimu ya dzina lomwelo. Ndizochitika kawirikawiri pamene filimuyo ili yabwino. Ndi zabwino pazifukwa zambiri. Choyamba, pali mkazi wokongola kwambiri akujambula kumeneko. Claudia Cardinale (akadali ndi moyo, zaka zoposa 80). Kachiwiri, filimuyo ili ndi mtundu (mutu uyenera), womwe sunaperekedwe mu 1969, ndipo unawomberedwa ndi mgwirizano wa USSR ndi Great Britain, womwenso ndi wachilendo ndipo unakhudza filimuyo. Chachitatu, kuwonetsera kwa nkhani mufilimuyi sikungafanane. Tangoyang'anani pa zokambirana zomaliza pakati pa otchulidwa. Chachinayi, filimuyi ili ndi mbiri yakale, ndipo nkhaniyi imafuna chidwi chapadera.

Mpikisano wa mlengalenga usanachitike komanso Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse isanachitike, padziko lonse lapansi panali mpikisano wa aeronautics. Mabaluni a Strato amawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana anapangidwa, ndipo zolemba zatsopano za mtunda zinapezeka. USSR, ndithudi, nayenso adadziwika. Iyi inali nkhani yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse, aliyense ankafuna kukhala woyamba ndipo anaika moyo wake pachiswe chifukwa cha izi zosachepera nthawi ya chiyambi cha kufufuza danga. Oulutsira nkhani adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zachitika muzamlengalenga, kotero mutha kupeza mosavuta zolemba zambiri pamutuwu pa intaneti. Kotero, imodzi mwa ntchito zapamwambazi inali ulendo wa ndege "Italy". Ndege ya ku Italy (mwachiwonekere) inafika ku Spitsbergen kuti iwuluke ku North Pole pa May 23, 1928.

Cholinga chinali kufika pamtengo ndikubwereranso, ndipo ntchitozo zinali zasayansi: kufufuza Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, madera kumpoto kwa Greenland ndi Canadian Arctic Archipelago, potsiriza kuthetsa funso la kukhalapo kwa Crocker Land yongopeka. , zomwe zinanenedwa kuti zinawonedwa ndi Robert Peary mu 1906, komanso zimayang'ana pamagetsi a mumlengalenga, oceanography ndi magnetism padziko lapansi. The hype ya lingaliro n'kovuta mopambanitsa. Papa adapatsa gululo mtanda wamatabwa, womwe umayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamtengo.

Airship pansi pa lamulo Umberto Nobile adafika pamtengo. M'mbuyomu adachita nawo zofanana ndi utsogoleri wa Roald Amundsen, koma kenako, zikuoneka kuti ubwenzi wawo unalakwika. Kanemayo akutchula zoyankhulana ndi Amundsen zomwe adapereka kwa olemba nyuzipepala, nazi zina:

- Kodi ulendo wa General Nobile ungakhale ndi tanthauzo lanji pa sayansi ngati zikuyenda bwino?
"Kufunika kwakukulu," anayankha Amundsen.
- Chifukwa chiyani osatsogolera ulendowu?
- Iye salinso kwa ine. Komanso, sindinaitanidwe.
- Koma Nobile si katswiri pa Arctic, sichoncho?
- Amawatenga nawo limodzi. Ndikudziwa ena a iwo. Mukhoza kuwadalira. Ndipo Nobile mwiniwake ndi womanga ndege wabwino kwambiri. Ndinatsimikiza za izi paulendo wathu wa pandege
ku North Pole pa airship "Norway" iye anamanga. Koma nthawi ino iye osati anamanga airship, komanso amatsogolera ulendo.
-Kodi mwayi wawo wopambana ndi wotani?
- Mwayi ndi wabwino. Ndikudziwa kuti Nobile ndi mtsogoleri wabwino kwambiri.

Mwaukadaulo, ndegeyo inali chibaluni chansalu chokhazikika chodzaza ndi hydrogen yophulika - ndege yomwe inali nthawiyo. Komabe, izi sizinamuwononge. Pobwerera, sitimayo inataya njira yake chifukwa cha mphepo, choncho inathera nthawi yochuluka ikuthawa kuposa momwe inakonzera. Patsiku lachitatu, m'mawa, ndegeyo inali kuuluka pamtunda wa mamita 200-300 ndipo mwadzidzidzi inayamba kutsika. Zifukwa zomwe zinaperekedwa zinali nyengo. Choyambitsa chake sichidziwika motsimikiza, koma mwina chinali icing. Chiphunzitso china chimawona kuphulika kwa chipolopolo ndi kutayikira kwa hydrogen. Zochita za ogwira ntchitoyo zidalephera kuletsa ndegeyo kutsika, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti igunde pa ayezi patatha mphindi zitatu. Woyendetsa injiniyo anamwalira pangoziyi. Sitimayo inakokedwa ndi mphepo kwa pafupifupi mamita 3, pamene mbali ina ya ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo Nobele, pamodzi ndi zipangizo zina zinathera pamtunda. Anthu ena 50 adatsalira mkati mwa gondola (komanso katundu wamkulu), omwe adanyamulidwanso ndi mphepo pa airship yosweka - tsogolo lawo silidziwika, utsi wokha unkawoneka, koma panalibe kuwala kapena phokoso. za kuphulika, zomwe sizikutanthauza kuyatsa kwa haidrojeni.

Choncho, gulu la anthu 9 lotsogoleredwa ndi Captain Nobele linathera pa ayezi ku Arctic Ocean, omwe, komabe, anavulazidwa. Panalinso galu wina dzina lake Titina. Gulu lonse linali ndi mwayi kwambiri: matumba ndi zitsulo zomwe zinagwa pa ayezi zinali ndi chakudya (kuphatikizapo 71 kg ya nyama zamzitini, 41 kg ya chokoleti), wailesi, mfuti yokhala ndi makatiriji, sextant ndi chronometers, kugona. thumba ndi hema. Chihema, komabe, ndi anthu anayi okha. Zinapangidwa zofiira kuti ziwonekere pothira utoto kuchokera ku mipira yolembera yomwe inagwanso kuchokera mu airship (izi ndi zomwe zikutanthawuza mufilimuyi).

Wogwiritsa ntchito wailesi (Biagi) nthawi yomweyo adayamba kukhazikitsa wayilesi ndikuyamba kuyesa kulumikizana ndi sitima yapamadzi yopita ku Città de Milano. Masiku angapo sizinaphule kanthu. Monga Nobile adanenera pambuyo pake, ogwiritsa ntchito wailesi ya Città de Milano, m'malo moyesera kutulutsa chizindikiro kuchokera kwa wotumiza, anali otanganidwa kutumiza ma telegalamu awo. Sitimayo inapita kunyanja kukafunafuna zosoweka, koma popanda makonzedwe a malo a ngoziyo inalibe mwayi waukulu wopambana. Pa Meyi 29, woyendetsa wayilesi ya Citta de Milano adamva chizindikiro cha Biaggi, koma adaganiza kuti ndi chizindikiro cha wayilesi ku Mogadishu ndipo sanachite chilichonse. Pa tsiku lomwelo, mmodzi wa mamembala a gululo, Malmgren, anawombera chimbalangondo cha polar, chomwe nyama yake inali chakudya. Iye, komanso ena awiri (Mariano ndi Zappi), anapatukana tsiku lotsatira (Nobele ankatsutsa izo, koma analola kulekana) ndi gulu lalikulu ndipo paokha anasamukira ku maziko. Pakusinthako, Malmgren adamwalira, awiri adapulumuka, komabe, m'modzi wa iwo (woyendetsa ngalawa Adalberto Mariano) adadwala mwendo wakuzizira. Panthawiyi, palibe chomwe chimadziwika ponena za tsogolo la ndegeyo. Chotero, pamodzi, pafupifupi mlungu umodzi unadutsa, pamene gulu la Nobele linali kudikirira kuti litulutsidwe.

Pa June 3 tinali ndi mwayi kachiwiri. Woyendetsa wailesi ya Soviet amateur Nikolay Shmidt kuchokera kumidzi (mudzi wa Voznesenye-Vokhma, m'chigawo cha North Dvina), wolandira wodzipangira yekha adagwira chizindikiro "Italie Nobile Fran Uosof Sos Sos Sos Sos Tirri teno EhH" kuchokera ku wayilesi ya Biaggi. Anatumiza telegalamu kwa anzake ku Moscow, ndipo tsiku lotsatira uthengawo unaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu a boma. Pa Osoaviakhime (yemweyo amene ankachita nawo ntchito za ndege), likulu lothandizira linapangidwa, lotsogoleredwa ndi Wachiwiri kwa Commissar wa People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs wa USSR Joseph Unshlikht. Patsiku lomwelo, boma la Italy lidadziwitsidwa za chizindikiro chachisoni, koma patatha masiku 4 (June 8) sitima yapamadzi ya Città de Milano inalumikizana ndi Biagi ndipo inalandira ndondomeko yeniyeni.

Izo sizinatanthauze kwenikweni kalikonse. Tinayenerabe kukafika kumsasawo. Mayiko ndi madera osiyanasiyana adagwira nawo ntchito yopulumutsa anthu. Pa June 17, ndege ziwiri zobwerekedwa ndi Italy zidawulukira pamsasawo koma zidaphonya chifukwa chosawoneka bwino. Amundsen nayenso adamwalira pofufuza. Sakanatha kukhala popanda kutenga nawo mbali ndipo pa June 18, pa ndege ya ku France yomwe adapatsidwa, adawulukira kukafunafuna, pambuyo pake iye ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adasowa (kenako zoyandama kuchokera ku ndege yake zidapezeka m'nyanja, ndiyeno mulibe kanthu. thanki yamafuta - mwina ndegeyo idatayika, ndipo idatha mafuta). Pokhapokha pa June 20 m'pamene tinakwanitsa kupeza msasawo pa ndege ndi kutumiza katundu patatha masiku awiri. Pa June 2, General Nobele adatulutsidwa mumsasawo ndi ndege yopepuka - zinkaganiziridwa kuti apereka chithandizo pogwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zopulumutsa otsalawo. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana naye; anthu adadzudzula wamkuluyo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ndegeyo. Pali zokambirana mufilimuyi:

- Ndinali ndi zifukwa 50 zowulukira, ndi 50 kukhala.
- Ayi. 50 kukhala ndi 51 kuthawa. Inu munawulukira kutali. 51 ndi chiyani?
- Sindikudziwa.
- Mukukumbukira zomwe mumaganizira panthawiyo, ponyamuka? Mwakhala mu cockpit, ndege ili mumlengalenga. Kodi munaganizirapo za amene anatsalira pa madzi oundana?
- Inde.
- Ndipo za iwo amene anatengedwa mu airship?
- Inde.
- Za Malmgren, Zappi ndi Mariano? Za Krasin?
- Inde.
- Za Romagna?
- Za ine?
- Inde.
- Za mwana wanu wamkazi?
- Inde.
—Za kusamba kotentha?
- Inde. Mulungu wanga! Ndinkaganiziranso za bafa yotentha ku Kingsbay.

Mtsinje wa Soviet Krasin nayenso adagwira nawo ntchito yopulumutsa, ndikupereka ndege yaing'ono yophwanyidwa kumalo osakira - idasonkhanitsidwa pomwepo, pa ayezi. Pa July 10, antchito ake anapeza gululo ndipo anagwetsa chakudya ndi zovala. Patatha tsiku limodzi, gulu la Malmgren linapezeka. Mmodzi wa iwo anali atagona pa ayezi (mwina anali womwalirayo Malmgren, koma kenako kunapezeka kuti izi zinali zinthu zambiri, ndipo Malmgren mwiniyo sakanakhoza kuyenda kale kwambiri choncho anapempha kuti asiyidwe). Woyendetsa ndegeyo sanathe kubwerera ku chombo chosweka chifukwa chosawoneka bwino, choncho adafika mwadzidzidzi, kuwononga ndegeyo, ndikuwulutsa kuti ogwira ntchitoyo anali otetezeka kwathunthu ndipo adapempha kuti apulumutse anthu a ku Italy poyamba, ndiyeno iwo. "Krasin" adatenga Mariano ndi Tsappi pa Julayi 12. Zappi anali atavala zovala zofunda za Malmgren, ndipo chonsecho anali atavala bwino kwambiri komanso ali ndi thanzi labwino. M'malo mwake, Mariano anali wamaliseche komanso wowonda kwambiri; mwendo wake udadulidwa. Zappi adatsutsidwa, koma panalibe umboni wofunikira womutsutsa. Madzulo a tsiku lomwelo, ngalawayo inatenga anthu 5 kuchokera kumsasa waukulu, pambuyo pake inasamutsira onse pamodzi paulendo wa Città de Milano. Nobile anaumirira kufunafuna ndege ndi mamembala asanu ndi limodzi omwe adatsalira mu chipolopolocho. Komabe, kapitawo wa Krasin, Samoilovich, adanena kuti sakanatha kufufuza chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malasha komanso kusowa kwa ndege, kotero adachotsa oyendetsa ndege ndi ndege pa madzi oundana pa July 16 ndipo akukonzekera kupita. kunyumba. Ndipo kapitawo wa Città di Milano, Romagna, adatchula malamulo ochokera ku Roma kuti abwerere ku Italy nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, "Krasin" adakali nawo pofufuza chipolopolo, chomwe chinatha (pa October 4, chinafika ku Leningrad). Pa September 29, ndege ina yofufuzira inagwa, pambuyo pake ntchito yopulumutsa inaimitsidwa.

Mu March 1929, bungwe lina la boma linazindikira kuti Nobile ndiye amene anachititsa ngoziyo. Zitangochitika izi, Nobile anasiya ku Italy Air Force, ndipo mu 1931 anapita ku Soviet Union kuti atsogolere pulogalamu ya airship. Pambuyo pa chigonjetso cha fascism mu 1945, milandu yonse yomwe adamutsutsa idathetsedwa. Nobile adabwezeretsedwa paudindo wa wamkulu wamkulu ndipo adamwalira zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, ali ndi zaka 93.

Ulendo wa Nobile unali umodzi mwamaulendo owopsa komanso osazolowereka amtundu wake. Kuchuluka kwa ziwerengero ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri adayikidwa pachiwopsezo kuti apulumutse gululo, omwe ambiri adafa kuposa omwe adapulumutsidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yofufuza. Panthawiyo, zikuoneka kuti ankachitira zimenezi mosiyana. Lingaliro lenilenilo la kuwulukira kwa Mulungu pa ndege yosokonekera imadziŵa kumene kuli koyenera kulemekezedwa. Ndi chophiphiritsa cha nyengo ya steampunk. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, zinkawoneka kwa anthu kuti pafupifupi chirichonse chinali chotheka, komanso kuti panalibe malire pa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo; panali adventurism mosasamala poyesa mphamvu za mayankho aukadaulo. Zakale? Ndipo sindisamala! Pofunafuna ulendo, ambiri ataya miyoyo yawo ndikuyika ena pachiwopsezo chosafunikira, kotero nkhaniyi ndiyovuta kwambiri kuposa onse, ngakhale, ndithudi, yosangalatsa kwambiri. Chabwino, filimuyi ndi yabwino.

5. Kon Tiki

Nkhani ya Kon Tiki imadziwika makamaka chifukwa cha filimuyo (ndikuvomereza, mafilimu abwino okhudza maulendo amapangidwabe nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe ndimaganizira poyamba). M'malo mwake, Kon Tiki si dzina la filimuyo. Ili ndi dzina la raft yomwe wapaulendo waku Norway Thor Heyerdahl mu 1947 iye anasambira kudutsa Pacific Ocean (chabwino, osati ndithu, komabe). Ndipo chombocho chinatchedwanso dzina la mulungu wina wa ku Polynesia.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti Tour idapanga chiphunzitso chomwe anthu ochokera ku South America pa zombo zakale, mwina amakwera, adafika kuzilumba za Pacific Ocean ndipo adakhala nawo. Chombocho chinasankhidwa chifukwa ndi chida chodalirika kwambiri pazida zoyandama zoyandama. Ndi anthu ochepa amene anakhulupirira Tur (malinga ndi filimuyi, ochepa kwambiri kuti, ambiri, palibe), ndipo anaganiza kutsimikizira ndi ntchito kuthekera kwa kuwoloka nyanja yoteroyo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyesa chiphunzitso chake. Kuti achite izi, adalemba gulu lokayikitsa ku gulu lake lothandizira. Chabwino, ndani winanso angavomereze izi? Tur ankadziwa ena a iwo bwino, ena osati kwambiri. Njira yabwino yophunzirira zambiri zolembera gulu ndikuwonera filimuyo. Mwa njira, pali bukhu, ndi oposa mmodzi, koma ine sindinawawerenge iwo.

Tiyenera kuyamba ndi mfundo yakuti Tur anali, kwenikweni, nzika wofuna, imene mkazi wake anamuthandiza. Pamodzi ndi iye, nthawi ina adakhalako kwakanthawi ali wachinyamata m'malo owopsa pachilumba cha Fatu Hiva. Ichi ndi chilumba chaching'ono chamapiri chomwe Tour adachitcha "paradaiso" (m'paradaiso, komabe, nyengo ndi mankhwala sizinali zabwino kwambiri, ndipo mkazi wake adapanga bala lopanda machiritso pa mwendo wake, chifukwa chake adayenera kuchoka pachilumbachi mwamsanga. ). Mwa kuyankhula kwina, iye anali wokonzeka ndipo wokhoza kuyerekeza chinachake chonga chimenecho.

Mamembala a ulendowo sankadziwana. Aliyense anali ndi zilembo zosiyana. Chifukwa chake, sizitenga nthawi kuti titope ndi nkhani zomwe tidzauzana pa raft. Kupanda mitambo ya mkuntho komanso kupsinjika komwe kumalonjeza nyengo yoipa kunali kowopsa kwa ife monga chikhalidwe chachisoni. Kupatula apo, asanu ndi mmodzi aife tidzakhala tokha pabwalo kwa miyezi yambiri, ndipo pansi pazimenezi nthabwala zabwino nthawi zambiri sizikhala zamtengo wapatali kuposa lamba wamoyo.

Nthawi zambiri, sindifotokoza za ulendowu kwa nthawi yayitali; ndibwino kuti muwone filimuyo. Si zachabechabe kuti adapatsidwa Oscar. Nkhaniyi ndi yachilendo kwambiri, sindingathe kuiwala, koma sindingathe kuwonjezera chilichonse chamtengo wapatali. Ulendowu unatha bwino. Monga momwe Ulendo umayembekezeredwa, mafunde a m'nyanja adanyamula zombozo kupita kuzilumba za Polynesia. Iwo anakatera bwinobwino pachilumba china. M'njira, tinayang'anitsitsa ndikusonkhanitsa zasayansi. Koma zinthu sizinayende bwino ndi mkazi wake pamapeto pake - adatopa ndi zochitika za mwamuna wake ndikumusiya. Mnyamatayo adakhala ndi moyo wokangalika kwambiri ndipo adakhala zaka 87.

4. Kukhudza Chopanda

Izo zinachitika osati kale kwambiri, mu 1985. Anthu aŵiri okwera mapiriwo anali kukwera pamwamba pa Siula Grande (6344) ku Andes ku South America. Pali mapiri okongola komanso osazolowereka kumeneko: ngakhale kutsetsereka kwakukulu kwa malo otsetsereka, chipale chofewa chimagwira, chomwe, ndithudi, chinapangitsa kuti kukwera kwake kukhale kosavuta. Tinafika pamwamba. Ndiyeno, malinga ndi akale, mavuto ayenera kuyamba. Kutsika kumakhala kovuta nthawi zonse komanso koopsa kuposa kukwera. Chilichonse chinapita mwakachetechete komanso mwamtendere, monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kunali mdima - zomwe ndi zachilengedwe. Monga mwa nthawi zonse, nyengo inafika poipa ndipo kutopa kunachuluka. Awiriwa (Joe Simpson ndi Simon Yates) adayenda mozungulira phirilo kuti atenge njira yomveka bwino. Mwachidule, chirichonse chinali monga chiyenera kukhala pa muyezo, ngakhale luso, kukwera: khama, koma palibe chapadera.

Koma kenako china chake chinachitika, chomwe chikadachitika, Joe adagwa. Ndizoipa, komabe sizowopsa. Othandizana nawo, ndithudi, ayenera, ndipo anali okonzeka kuchita izi. Simon anamutsekera Joe. Ndipo akadapita patali, koma Joe adagwa osapambana. Mwendo wake unagwera pakati pa miyalayo, thupi lake linapitiriza kusuntha ndi inertia ndikuthyola mwendo wake. Kuyenda ngati awiri ndi chinthu chosamvetsetseka, chifukwa palimodzi zonse zimayenda bwino mpaka chinachake chikuyamba kuipa. Pazifukwa izi, ulendowu ukhoza kukhala maulendo awiri okha, ndipo izi ndizosiyana kwambiri (zofanana, komabe, zikhoza kunenedwa za gulu lirilonse). Ndipo iwo sanalinso okonzekera kwenikweni. Kunena zowona, Joe analipo. Kenako anaganiza kuti: “Tsopano Simon anena kuti apita kukapempha thandizo kuti andikhazikitse mtima pansi. Ndikumumvetsa, ayenera kuchita izi. Ndipo amvetsetsa kuti ndikumvetsetsa, tonse tidzamvetsetsa. Koma palibe njira ina. " Chifukwa pa nsonga zotere, kuchita ntchito zopulumutsira kumangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa omwe akupulumutsidwa, ndipo izi siziri zomwe amachitira. Komabe, Simoni sananene zimenezo. Anati atsike molunjika kuchokera pano, pakali pano, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachidule kwambiri, kupezerapo mwayi pa malo otsetsereka. Ngakhale kuti malowa ndi osadziwika bwino, chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuchepetsa msanga kutalika ndikufika pamalo ophwanyika, ndiyeno, amati, tidzalingalira.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika, abwenziwo adayamba kutsika. Joe nthawi zambiri anali wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, akutsitsidwa pa chingwe ndi Simon. Joe atsika, amateteza, ndiye Simoni amapita chingwe chimodzi, kunyamuka, kubwereza. Apa tiyenera kuzindikira kuti lingalirolo ndilopambana kwambiri, komanso kukonzekera bwino kwa otenga nawo mbali. Kutsikako kunayenda bwino; panalibe zovuta zosagonjetseka pamtunda. Kubwereza kwina kwina komalizidwa kunatipangitsa kutsika kwambiri. Panthawiyi kunali kutatsala pang’ono mdima. Koma kenako Joe adavutika kachiwiri motsatizana - amathyokanso pakutsika kotsatira ndi chingwe. Pa nthawi ya kugwa, amawulukira pa mlatho wa chipale chofewa ndi nsana wake, ndikuuswa ndikuwulukira mumng'aluyo. Simon, panthawiyi, akuyesera kukhalabe, ndipo, mwa mbiri yake, apambana. Ndendende mpaka pano, zinthu sizinali bwino kwenikweni, koma sizinali zoopsa: kutsika kunkalamuliridwa, kuvulala kunali ngozi yachilengedwe pazochitika zotere, komanso kuti kunali mdima ndipo nyengo inali itasokonekera. chinthu m'mapiri. Koma tsopano Simon anakhala tambalala pa phiri, atagwira Joe, amene anawulukira pa phirilo, ndipo palibe chimene chimadziwika. Simon anakuwa koma sanayankhe. Nayenso sadathe kudzuka ndikutsika kuopa kulephera kumugwira Joe. Anakhala choncho kwa maola awiri.

Panthawiyi, Joe anali atapachikidwa pamng'alu. Chingwe chokhazikika ndi kutalika kwa 50 metres, sindikudziwa kuti anali ndi mtundu wanji, koma mwina ndi kutalika kwake. Izi sizochuluka, koma nyengo yoyipa, kuseri kwa bend, m'mphako, zinali zotheka kuti sizimamveka. Simon anayamba kuzizira ndipo, ataona kuti palibe chiyembekezo choti zinthu ziwayendere bwino, anadula chingwecho. Joe adawulukira mtunda wina, ndipo tsopano tsokalo lidasinthidwa ndi mwayi wosaneneka, womwe ndi tanthauzo la nkhaniyi. Anakumana ndi mlatho wina wa chipale chofewa mkati mwa ming'alu ndipo mwangozi anaimapo. Kenako panabwera chingwe.

Simon, panthawiyi, adatsika pansi ndipo adawona mlatho wosweka ndi mng'alu. Munali mdima ndi wopanda potsirizira mwakuti panalibe lingaliro lakuti mungakhale munthu wamoyo mmenemo. Simoni “anaika” bwenzi lake natsikira yekha kumsasawo. Izi zikuimbidwa mlandu pa iye - sanayang'ane, sanatsimikizire, sanapereke thandizo ... mayendedwe. Muyenera kuyima, koma pali mfundo iliyonse? Choncho Simon anaganiza kuti palibe chifukwa. Ngakhale titaganiza kuti Joe akadali ndi moyo, tiyenerabe kumuchotsa kumeneko. Ndipo samakhala nthawi yayitali m'ming'alu. Ndipo simungagwire ntchito kosatha popanda chakudya komanso kupumula pamalo okwera.

Joe anakhala pa kamlatho kakang'ono pakati pa ming'aluyo. Iye anali, mwa zina, chikwama, tochi, dongosolo, chotsika ndi chingwe. Anakhala kwa nthawi ndithu ndipo anapeza kuti n’zosatheka kudzuka. Zomwe zidamuchitikira Syson sizikudziwikanso, mwina sali bwino tsopano. Joe akhoza kupitiriza kukhala kapena kuchita chinachake, ndipo kuti chinachake chinali kuyang'ana zomwe zili pansipa. Iye anaganiza zocita zimenezo. Ndinakonza maziko ndipo pang'onopang'ono ndinatsikira pansi pa ming'aluyo. Pansi pake panakhala podutsa, kuwonjezera apo, panthawiyi kunali kutacha. Joe anatha kupeza njira yotulukira mumng'aluwo n'kupita ku chisanu.

Joe nayenso anali ndi nthawi yovuta pa glacier. Ichi chinali chiyambi chabe cha ulendo wake wautali. Anasuntha akukwawa, akukokera mwendo wake wothyoka. Zinali zovuta kupeza njira pakati pa ming'alu ndi zidutswa za ayezi. Anayenera kukwawa, kunyamula mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi lake m'manja mwake, kuyang'ana pozungulira, kusankha chizindikiro ndikukwawa mopitilira. Kumbali ina, kukwawa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malo otsetsereka ndi chipale chofewa. Chotero, pamene Joe, atatopa, anafika m’munsi mwa mtsinjewo, nkhani ziŵiri zinali kumuyembekezera. Nkhani yabwino inali yakuti anatha kumwa madzi—matope amatope okhala ndi tinthu tambirimbiri tomwe tinkachoka pansi pa madzi oundanawo. Choipa, ndithudi, ndi chakuti mtunda wakhala wosalala, ngakhale wosasalala ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, osati woterera. Tsopano zinamutengera khama lalikulu kukoka thupi lake.

Kwa masiku angapo Joe adakwawa chakumsasa. Pa nthawiyi Simoni anali adakali komweko, limodzi ndi munthu wina wa m’gululo amene sanapite kuphiri. Usiku unafika, uyenera kukhala womaliza, ndipo m'mawa wotsatira anali kuswa msasa ndikunyamuka. Mvula yamadzulo yanthawi zonse inayamba. Joe panthawiyi anali mamita mazana angapo kuchokera kumsasa. Sanalinso kumuyembekezera, zovala ndi katundu wake zinatenthedwa. Joe analibenso mphamvu zokwawa pamalo opingasa, ndipo anayamba kukuwa - chinthu chokha chimene akanatha kuchita. Sanamve chifukwa cha mvula. Ndiyeno anthu amene anakhala muhemawo ankaganiza kuti akukuwa, koma ndani akudziwa chimene mphepoyo idzabweretse? Mukakhala m’hema m’mphepete mwa mtsinje, mumamva nkhani zimene palibe. Iwo anaganiza kuti ndi mzimu wa Joe umene wabwera. Komabe, Simoni anatuluka kudzayang’ana ndi nyali. Kenako anamupeza Joe. Wotopa, wanjala, wamanyazi, koma wamoyo. Mwamsanga anamtengera kuhema, kumene chithandizo choyamba chinaperekedwa. Sanathenso kuyenda. Ndiye panali chithandizo chautali, maopaleshoni ambiri (mwachiwonekere, Joe anali ndi njira za izi), ndipo anali wokhoza kuchira. Iye sanataye mtima pamapiri, anapitiriza kukwera nsonga zovuta, ndiye kachiwiri anavulaza mwendo wake (winawo) ndi nkhope yake, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo anapitiriza kuchita nawo kukwera mapiri luso. Munthu wolimba. Ndipo zambiri mwayi. Kupulumutsidwa mozizwitsa si nkhani yokhayo. Tsiku lina anali pa chishalo chimene ankaganiza kuti ndi chishalo ndipo anabaya nkhwangwa yomwe inalowa mkati. Joe ankaganiza kuti ndi dzenje ndipo analikwirira ndi chipale chofewa. Kenako zinapezeka kuti iyi sinali dzenje, koma dzenje mu chimanga cha chisanu.

Joe analemba buku lonena za kukwera uku, ndipo mu 2007 filimu yatsatanetsatane idajambulidwa. zolemba.

3. Maola 127

Sindidzakhala kwambiri pano, ndi bwino ... ndiko kulondola, kuti muwone filimu ya dzina lomwelo. Koma mphamvu ya tsokali ndi yodabwitsa. Mwachidule, iyi ndiye mfundo yake. Mnyamata wina dzina lake Aron Ralston anayenda kudutsa canyon ku North America (Utah). Ulendowu unathera pomwe adagwera pachipata, ndipo akugwa adanyamulidwa ndi mwala waukulu womwe unamutsina dzanja. Pa nthawiyi, Aron anakhalabe wosavulazidwa. Buku lakuti “Between a Rock and a Hard Place,” limene iye analemba pambuyo pake, linakhala maziko a filimuyo.

Kwa masiku angapo Aron ankakhala pansi pa mpatawo, pomwe dzuwa linagunda kwa nthawi yochepa. Anayesa kumwa mkodzo. Kenako adaganiza zodula dzanja lotsekeka, chifukwa palibe amene adakwera dzenjelo, zidakhala zopanda ntchito kukuwa. Vutoli lidakulirakulira chifukwa panalibe chilichonse chapadera chodula nacho: mpeni wopindika wapakhomo wokha unalipo. Mafupa a m’mphuno anayenera kuthyoledwa. Panali vuto ndi kudula mitsempha. Filimuyi ikuwonetsa zonsezi bwino. Aron atathawa m'dzanja lake ndi ululu waukulu, adachoka pachigwacho, komwe adakumana ndi banja lomwe likuyenda likuyenda, lomwe lidamupatsa madzi ndikuyitanitsa helikoputala yopulumutsa anthu. Apa ndi pamene nkhani ikutha.

Nkhaniyi ndi yochititsa chidwi. Mwalawu udakwezedwa ndipo misa idayerekezedwa - malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, imachokera ku 300 mpaka 400 kg. Inde, sikungakhale kosatheka kunyamula nokha. Aron anasankha mwankhanza koma zolondola. Tikayang'ana pa kumwetulira pachithunzichi ndi hype m'ma TV, kuti anakhalabe wolumala sizinamupweteke kwambiri munthuyo. Anakwatiranso pambuyo pake. Monga momwe mukuonera pachithunzichi, anamangirira m’manja mwake munthu wodzipangira yekha nkhwangwa ya ayezi kuti azitha kukwera mapiri mosavuta.

2. Imfa idzandidikira

Iyi si nkhani, koma nkhani ndi mutu wa buku la dzina lomwelo Grigory Fedoseev, amene anafotokoza moyo wake mu zilombo Siberia cha m'ma 20. Poyambirira ku Kuban (tsopano malo ake obadwira m'dera la Karachay-Cherkess Republic), kudutsa pa mtsinje dzina lake. Abishira-Ahuba pafupi ndi mudzi. Arkhyz (~ 3000, n/a, scree yaudzu). Wikipedia ikufotokoza mwachidule Grigory: "Wolemba Soviet, wofufuza injiniya." Mwambiri, izi ndi zoona; adatchuka chifukwa cha zolemba zake ndi mabuku omwe adalembedwa pambuyo pake. Kunena zowona, iye si wolemba woyipa, koma si Leo Tolstoy. Bukhuli limasiya malingaliro otsutsana m'lingaliro lolemba, koma m'lingaliro lazolemba mosakayikira lili ndi phindu lalikulu. Bukuli likufotokoza gawo losangalatsa kwambiri la moyo wake. Lofalitsidwa mu 1962, koma zomwe zinachitika kale, mu 1948-1954.

Ndikupangira kuwerenga bukuli. Apa ndingofotokoza mwachidule chiwembu choyambirira. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Gregory Fedoseev anali mutu wa ulendo wopita ku dera Okhotsk, kumene analamula magulu angapo ofufuza ndi ojambula mapu, ndipo iye anachita nawo mwachindunji ntchito. Linali dziko losautsa, lakutchire mu USSR yoopsa kwambiri. M'lingaliro lakuti, malinga ndi masiku ano, ulendowu unalibe zida zilizonse. Panali ndege, zida zina, katundu, katundu ndi kayendetsedwe ka asilikali. Koma panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, m’moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, umphaŵi unalamulira pa ulendowo, monga, ndithudi, unali pafupifupi kulikonse mu Union. Choncho, anthu anadzimangira mizati ndi misasa pogwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa, ankadya makeke a ufa, ndiponso ankasaka nyama. Kenako ananyamula matumba a simenti ndi zitsulo kukwera phirilo kuti akaike malo oti akafikeko. Kenako wina, wina ndi wina. Inde, awa ndi ma trigopoints omwewo omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zamtendere kupanga mapu a mtunda, ndi zolinga zankhondo kutsogolera makampasi malinga ndi mapu omwewo omwe adajambula kale. Pali mfundo zambiri zotere zomwe zabalalika m'dziko lonselo. Tsopano ali pachiwopsezo, chifukwa pali GPS ndi zithunzi za satelayiti, ndipo lingaliro la nkhondo yayikulu pogwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu zankhondo, zikomo Mulungu, zidakhalabe chiphunzitso chosakwaniritsidwa cha Soviet. Koma nthawi zonse ndikakumana ndi zotsalira za trigopunkt pamphuno, ndimaganiza, idamangidwa bwanji kuno? Fedoseev akutiuza bwanji.

Kuwonjezera pa kumanga malo oyendera maulendo ndi mapu (kudziŵa mtunda, utali, ndi zina zotero), ntchito za maulendo a zaka zimenezo zinaphatikizapo kuphunzira geology ndi nyama zakutchire za Siberia. Gregory akufotokozanso za moyo ndi maonekedwe a anthu okhalamo, Evenks. Nthawi zambiri, amalankhula zambiri za chilichonse chomwe adawona. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya gulu lake, tsopano tili ndi mapu a Siberia, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga misewu ndi mapaipi amafuta. Kukula kwa ntchito yake ndikovuta kukokomeza. Koma n’chifukwa chiyani ndinachita chidwi kwambiri ndi bukuli n’kuliika pamalo achiwiri? Koma zoona zake n’zakuti mwamunayo ndi wolimbikira kwambiri komanso wosavala. Ndikanakhala iye, bwenzi nditafa pasanathe mwezi umodzi. Koma sanamwalire ndipo anakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa nthawi yake (zaka 69).

Kumapeto kwa bukuli ndi kukwera kwa autumn pamtsinje wa Mae. Anthu a m’derali ananena za Maya kuti chipikacho sichitha kuyandama pakamwa osasanduka tchipisi. Ndipo Fedoseev ndi anzake awiri adaganiza zopanga kukwera koyamba. Rafting inali yopambana, koma pochita izi atatuwo adadutsa malire a kulingalira. Bwatoli, lomwe linabowoledwa ndi nkhwangwa, linathyoka nthawi yomweyo. Kenako anamanga ngalawa. Nthawi zambiri inkatembenuka, kugwidwa, kutayika, ndipo inapangidwanso. M’mtsinjemo munali chinyontho komanso kuzizira, ndipo chisanu chinali kuyandikira. Panthawi ina zinthu zinasokonekera. Palibe raft, palibe zinthu, comrade mmodzi walumala pafupi imfa, wina wasowa kwa Mulungu akudziwa kumene. Grigory akukumbatira bwenzi lake lakufa, pokhala naye pamwala pakati pa mtsinje. Mvula ikuyamba kugwa, madzi amakwera ndipo atsala pang'ono kuwatsuka pamwala. Koma, komabe, aliyense anapulumutsidwa, osati mwa chifuniro cha chozizwitsa, koma chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo. Ndipo mutu wa bukhulo suli za zimenezo nkomwe. Kawirikawiri, ngati mukufuna, ndi bwino kuwerenga gwero loyambirira.

Ponena za umunthu wa Fedoseev ndi zochitika zomwe adazifotokoza, lingaliro langa ndi losamveka. Bukuli laikidwa ngati lopeka. Wolembayo sabisa izi, koma sanatchule zomwe kwenikweni, akudziletsa yekha kuti adakakamiza dala nthawi chifukwa cha chiwembucho, ndikupempha chikhululukiro pa izi. Zoonadi, pali zolakwika zochepa. Koma pali chinthu chinanso chosokoneza. Zonse zimayenda mwachibadwa. Iye, monga Rimbaud wosakhoza kufa, amakumana ndi mavuto, pamene chilichonse chotsatira chimakhala choopsa kwambiri ndipo chimafuna khama lomwe silinachitikepo. Ngozi imodzi - mwayi. Wina anatuluka. Chachitatu - bwenzi linathandiza. Chakhumi chidakali chimodzimodzi. Ngakhale kuti aliyense ali woyenera, ngati si buku, ndiye nkhani, ndi ngwazi anafa pa chiyambi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti panali zokokomeza zochepa. Grigory Fedoseev anali, pambuyo pa zonse, munthu wa Soviet m'lingaliro labwino la mawu (osati ngati m'badwo wa 60s, womwe unasokoneza ma polima onse), ndiye zinali zomveka kukhala ndi khalidwe labwino. Kumbali ina, ngakhale wolembayo akokomeza, zilibe kanthu, ngakhale ngakhale gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi linali monga momwe likufotokozedwera, ndiloyenera kale kutchulidwa m'nkhani zitatu zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mutu wa bukhulo ukuwonetseratu. chenicheni.

1. Crystal Horizon

Pali olimba mtima okwera. Pali okwera akale. Koma kulibe olimba mtima akale okwera mapiri. Pokhapokha, ndi Reinhold Messner. Nzika iyi, yomwe ili ndi zaka 74, pokhala wokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, akukhalabe m'nyumba yake yachifumu, nthawi zina amathamangira kumtunda ndipo, panthawi yake yopuma pantchitozi, amamanga zitsanzo za mapiri omwe adayendera m'mundamo. "Ngati anali pa phiri lalikulu, muloleni abweretse miyala ikuluikulu kuchokera pamenepo," monga momwe zinalili mu "Kalonga Wamng'ono" - Messner, mwachiwonekere, akadali troll. Iye amadziwika ndi zinthu zambiri, koma koposa zonse adadziwika chifukwa cha kukwera kwake yekha kwa Everest. Kukwera komweko, komanso zonse zomwe zidatsagana ndi zomwe zidatsogolera, zidalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Messner m'buku la "Crystal Horizon". Iyenso ndi wolemba wabwino. Koma khalidweli ndi loipa. Amanena mwachindunji kuti amafuna kukhala woyamba, ndipo kukwera kwake ku Everest kumakumbukira kukhazikitsidwa kwa satelayiti yoyamba ya Earth. Paulendowu, adazunza bwenzi lake Nena, yemwe adatsagana naye njira yonse, yomwe idalembedwa mwachindunji m'buku (zikuwoneka kuti panali chikondi pamenepo, koma palibe zambiri za izi m'buku kapena m'mabuku otchuka. ). Pomaliza, Messner ndi munthu wodzipereka, ndipo adakwera kukwera muzochitika zamakono, ndi zipangizo zoyenera, ndipo mlingo wa maphunziro unali wogwirizana. Iye ngakhale anawulukira mu depressurized ndege pa 9000 acclimatize. Inde, chochitikacho chinafuna khama lalikulu ndipo chinali chotopetsa kwa iye. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti ili ndi bodza. Messner mwiniwake pambuyo pake adanenanso pambuyo pa K2 kuti Everest inali yongotenthetsa.

Kuti timvetse bwino tanthauzo la Messner ndi kukwera kwake, tiyeni tikumbukire chiyambi cha ulendo wake. Atasuntha mamita mazana angapo kutali ndi msasa, kumene Nena anali kumuyembekezera, adagwa mumng'alu. Zadzidzidzi zidachitika panthawi yolakwika ndikuwopseza kwambiri. Kenako Messner anakumbukira Mulungu ndipo anapempha kuti amutulutse mmenemo, akumalonjeza kuti ngati zimenezi zitachitika, iye akana kukwera. Ndipo kawirikawiri iye adzakana kukwera (koma zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu zokha) m'tsogolomu. Atadzipha mpaka kufa, Messner adatuluka mumng'aluyo ndikupitiriza ulendo wake, akuganiza kuti: "Ndi kupusa kwamtundu wanji komwe kumabwera m'maganizo." Kenako Nena analemba (iye, mwa njira, anamutengera kumapiri):

Kutopa kwa munthu uyu sikungathe kufotokozedwa m'mawu ... Chodabwitsa cha Reinhold ndikuti nthawi zonse amakhala pamphepete, ngakhale kuti mitsempha yake ili mwadongosolo.

Komabe, zokwanira za Messner. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndafotokoza mokwanira chifukwa chake kupambana kwake kodabwitsa sikumuyenereza kukhala m'modzi wodabwitsa kwambiri. Mafilimu ambiri apangidwa ponena za iye, mabuku alembedwa, ndipo mtolankhani aliyense wotchuka wachiwiri adamufunsa. Izi siziri za iye.

Kukumbukira Messner, n'zosatheka kutchula wokwera No. 2, Anatoly Boukreev, kapena, monga amatchedwanso, "Russian Messner". Mwa njira, iwo anali mabwenzi (pali olowa chithunzi). Inde, ndi za iye, kuphatikizapo filimu yotsika kwambiri "Everest", yomwe sindikulangiza kuyang'ana, koma ndikupangira kuwerenga buku lomwe limafufuza bwino kwambiri. zochitika za 1996, kuphatikizapo zolembedwa zoyankhulana ndi otenga nawo mbali. Tsoka, Anatoly sanakhale Messner wachiwiri ndipo, pokhala wolimba mtima wokwera phiri, anafa mu chigumukire pafupi ndi Annapurna. Sizinali zotheka kuti tisazindikire, komabe, sitilankhulanso za izo. Chifukwa chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale kukwera koyamba.

Kukwera koyamba kolembedwa kudapangidwa ndi gulu la Edmund Hillary waku Britain. Zambiri zimadziwika za iyenso. Ndipo palibe chifukwa chodzibwereza ndekha - inde, nkhaniyi si ya Hillary. Unali ulendo wokonzedwa bwino wa boma womwe unachitika popanda zochitika zodabwitsa. Ndiye zonsezi ndi za chiyani? Tiyeni tibwerere bwino kwa Messner. Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti munthu wodziwika bwino uyu nayenso ndi wachabechabe, ndipo lingaliro la kukhala mtsogoleri silinamulole kupita. Poona kuti nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri, anayamba kukonzekera mwa kuphunzira za “m’mene zinthu zilili masiku ano,” n’kumafufuza m’mabuku ofotokoza za aliyense amene anapita ku Everest. Zonsezi zili m'buku, zomwe, malinga ndi msinkhu wake, zikhoza kunena kuti ndi ntchito ya sayansi. Chifukwa cha Messner, kutchuka kwake komanso kusamala, tsopano tikudziwa za pafupifupi kuyiwalika, koma osachepera, komanso mwina kukwera kodabwitsa kwa Everest, komwe kunachitika kale Messner ndi Hillary. Messner adakumba ndikufukula za munthu wina dzina lake Maurice Wilson. Ndi nkhani yake yomwe ndiyika patsogolo.

Maurice (komanso waku Britain, monga Hillary), wobadwira ndikukulira ku England, adamenya nawo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse lapansi, komwe adavulazidwa ndikuchotsedwa. Panthawi ya nkhondo, anayamba kudwala matenda ( chifuwa, kupweteka m'manja mwake). Poyesa kuchira, Wilson sanapeze chipambano m’zamankhwala ndipo anatembenukira kwa Mulungu, amene, malinga ndi malonjezo ake, anam’thandiza kupirira matenda ake. Mwamwayi, mu cafe, kuchokera m'nyuzipepala, Maurice anamva za ulendo wina wopita ku Everest mu 1924 (unatha mosapambana), ndipo adaganiza kuti akwere pamwamba. Ndipo pemphero ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu zidzathandiza pa nkhani yovutayi (Maurice mwina anazindikira izi).

Komabe, zinali zosatheka kukwera ndikukwera Everest. Pa nthawiyo kunalibe kukondera koteroko komwe kulipo tsopano, koma kunyada kwina kunkalamulira. Kukwera kunkaonedwa ngati nkhani ya boma, kapena, ngati mukufuna, ndale, ndipo kunachitika mwadongosolo lankhondo ndi nthumwi zomveka bwino, kupereka katundu, ntchito kumbuyo ndi kuphulika kwa msonkhano ndi gulu lophunzitsidwa mwapadera. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kusapanga bwino kwa zida zamapiri m'zaka zimenezo. Kuti mulowe nawo paulendowu, mumayenera kukhala membala. Ziribe kanthu, chinthu chachikulu chimalemekezedwa. Kukula kwa dick komwe muli, kumakhala bwinoko. Maurice sanali choncho. Choncho, mkulu wa ku Britain, yemwe Maurice adatembenukira kwa iye kuti amuthandize, adanena kuti sangathandize aliyense pavuto lalikulu ngati limeneli, ndipo adzachita zonse kuti aletse dongosolo lake. Mwachidziwitso, panali, ndithudi, njira ina, mwachitsanzo, monga mu Nazi Germany kwa ulemerero wa Fuhrer, kapena, kuti asapite patali, monga mu Union: sizikudziwikiratu chifukwa chake chitsiru ichi chikanatha. ngakhale kupita kuphiri panthawi yomwe kuli koyenera kupanga ntchito, koma ngati mlanduwu udayikidwa kuti ufanane ndi tsiku lobadwa la Lenin, Tsiku Lopambana, kapena, poyipa kwambiri, tsiku la msonkhano wina, ndiye kuti palibe amene akanakhala nawo. mafunso aliwonse - amawalola kuti azipita kuntchito, boma limapereka zokonda ndipo silingasangalale kuthandiza ndi ndalama, zonyansa, kuyenda ndi chilichonse. Koma Maurice anali ku England, kumene kunalibe mpata wabwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto ena angapo adawonekera. Tinayenera mwanjira ina kupita ku Everest. Maurice anasankha njira ya pandege. Munali m'chaka cha 1933, kayendetsedwe ka ndege kamene sikanali bwino. Kuti achite bwino, Wilson adaganiza zopanga yekha. Anagula (ndalama sizinali vuto kwa iye) ndege yogwiritsidwa ntchito De Havilland DH.60 Moth ndipo, atalemba "Ever Wrest" kumbali yake, anayamba kukonzekera kuthawa. Komabe, Maurice sankadziwa kuuluka. Choncho tiyenera kuphunzira. Maurice anapita ku sukulu yoyendetsa ndege, komwe pa imodzi mwa maphunziro ake oyambirira adagwa bwino ndege yophunzitsira, atamva kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi woipa kuti sangaphunzire kuwuluka, ndipo zingakhale bwino kuti asiye maphunziro. Koma Maurice sanafooke. Anayamba kuyendetsa ndege yake ndikuyendetsa bwino bwino, ngakhale kuti sizinali zonse. M'chilimwe, adagwa ndipo adakakamizika kukonza ndegeyo, yomwe pamapeto pake idakopa chidwi chake, ndichifukwa chake adapatsidwa chiletso chovomerezeka kuti asawuluke ku Tibet. Vuto linanso linali lalikulu kwambiri. Maurice sankadziwa zambiri zokhudza mapiri monga mmene ankadziwira za ndege. Anayamba kuphunzitsidwa kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino pamapiri otsika ku England, omwe adatsutsidwa ndi anzake omwe amakhulupirira kuti zingakhale bwino kuti ayende m'mapiri a Alps omwewo.

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa ndegeyo kunali pafupifupi makilomita 1000. Chifukwa chake, ulendo wochokera ku London kupita ku Tibet uyenera kuti unali ndi maimidwe ambiri. Wilson anang'amba telegalamu yochokera ku Unduna wa Zoyendetsa ndege, yomwe inanena kuti kuthawa kwake kunali koletsedwa, ndipo adayamba ulendo wake pa Meyi 21, 1933. Choyamba Germany (Freiburg), ndiye, pa kuyesa kwachiwiri (sinali kotheka kuwuluka pamwamba pa Alps nthawi yoyamba) Italy (Roma). Kenako Nyanja ya Mediterranean, pomwe Maurice adakumana ndi ziro paulendo wopita ku Tunisia. Chotsatira ndi Egypt, Iraq. Ku Bahrain, kukhazikitsidwa kunali kuyembekezera woyendetsa ndegeyo: boma lake, kudzera mu kazembeyo, adapempha kuti aletse kuthawa, chifukwa chake adakanidwa kuti apite ku ndege ndikumupempha kuti apite kwawo, ndipo ngati samvera, adalonjeza kumangidwa. . Zokambiranazo zidachitikira kupolisi. Pakhoma panali mapu. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti Wilson, ambiri, analibe mapu abwino (pokonzekera anakakamizika kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale maatlasi a sukulu), choncho, kumvetsera wapolisi ndi kugwedeza mutu, Wilson anagwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu kuti apindule ndi kuphunzira mosamala. mapu awa. Ndegeyo idawonjezeredwa mafuta ndikulonjeza kuti iwulukira ku Baghdad, kenako Maurice adatulutsidwa.

Atakwera ndege ku Baghdad, Maurice anatembenukira ku India. Ankafuna kuwuluka makilomita 1200 - mtunda woletsedwa kwa ndege ya Anteluvian. Koma mwina mphepo inali yamwayi, kapena mafuta aku Arabia adakhala abwino kwambiri, kapena ndegeyo idapangidwa ndi malo osungira, Maurice adafika bwino ku eyapoti yakumadzulo kwa India ku Gwadar mu maola 9. M'kupita kwa masiku angapo, maulendo angapo osavuta adapangidwa kudutsa gawo la India kupita ku Nepal. Poganizira kuti India panthawiyo inali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Britain, n'zodabwitsa kuti ndegeyo inagwidwa tsopano, ponena kuti kuthawa kwa alendo ku Nepal ndikoletsedwa, ndipo chifukwa cha kuuma mtima kwa woyendetsa ndegeyo, zinkawoneka kuti palibe chomwe chingachitike. zachitika. Panatsala makilomita 300 kuti afike kumalire ndi Nepal, kumene Wilson anadutsa pamtunda, kumene anaitana Kathmandu kupempha chilolezo choyendayenda ku Nepal ndi kukwera komweko. Mkuluyo kumbali ina ya mzerewo anasankha kukhalabe wosalabadira zosowa za wokwera kukwera, ndipo chilolezo chinakanidwa. Maurice adayesanso chilolezo chodutsa kuchokera ku Tibet (ndiko, kuchokera kumpoto, komwe Messner adachokera, ndiye kuti Tibet idakhala kale China, pomwe Khumbu Icefall yakumwera panjira yochokera ku Nepal idawonedwa ngati yosatheka, zomwe sizili chonchonso. ), koma kenako anakana. Panthawiyi, nyengo yamvula inayamba, ndipo kenako yozizira, yomwe Maurice ankakhala ku Darjeeling, kumene apolisi ankamuyang'anira. Maurice anachititsa kuti akuluakulu a boma akhale tcheru ponena kuti anasiya kukwera phirili ndipo tsopano ndi mlendo wamba. Koma sanasiye kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso ndikukonzekera mwanjira iliyonse. Ndalama zinali kutha. Analankhulana ndi a Sherpas atatu (Tewang, Rinzing ndi Tsering, amene anagwirapo ntchito chaka chapitacho pa ulendo wa ku Britain wa 1933), amene anavomera kutsagana naye ndi kumuthandiza kupeza kavalo, kunyamula zipangizo zake m’matumba a tirigu. Pa March 21, 1934, Wilson ndi a Sherpa anachoka mumzindawo akuyenda wapansi. A Sherpas anavala ngati amonke Achibuda, ndipo Maurice mwiniyo anabisala ngati lama Tibetan (ku hotelo ananena kuti anapita kukasaka akambuku). Tinasamuka usiku. M’kati mwa ulendowo, chinyengocho chinavumbulidwa kokha ndi mkulu wina, amene, atamva kuti lama akukhala pafupi ndi nyumba yake, anafuna kuloŵa m’hema wake mozemba, koma anakhala chete. M’masiku 10 tinakwanitsa kufika ku Tibet ndi kudutsa malire.

Tsopano zitunda zopanda malire za Tibetan Plateau zinatsegulidwa pamaso pa Wilson kuchokera ku Kongra La pass. Njirayo idadutsa m'madutsa okhala ndi kutalika kwa 4000-5000. Pa Epulo 12, Wilson adawona Everest kwa nthawi yoyamba. Zowonadi malo omwe Messner amasilira adapatsanso mphamvu Wilson. Pa Epulo 14, iye ndi a Sherpas adafika kunyumba ya amonke ya Rongbuk kumunsi kwa phiri la kumpoto kwa Everest. Amonkewo anam’landira mwaubwenzi ndipo anamlola kukhala nawo, ndipo ataphunzira za cholinga cha ulendowo, anadzipereka kugwiritsira ntchito zida zosungidwa m’nyumba ya amonkeyo pambuyo pa ulendo wa ku Britain. Atadzuka m’mawa, anamva amonke akuimba ndipo anaganiza kuti akumupempherera. Maurice nthawi yomweyo adanyamuka kukwera Rongbuk Glacier kuti pa Epulo 21 - tsiku lake lobadwa - akwere mpaka chizindikiro cha 8848, chomwe chili pamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Nyumba ya amonke yokha ili pamtunda wa ~ 4500. Panangotsala mtunda wa makilomita 4. Osati kwambiri ngati kukanakhala mapiri a Alps kapena Caucasus, koma n’zokayikitsa kuti Maurice ankadziwa zambiri zokhudza kukwera malo okwera. Komanso, choyamba muyenera kuthana ndi glacier.

Popeza kuti zonse zimene anaŵerenga zokhudza derali zinalembedwa ndi anthu okwera mapiri amene ankaona kuti ndi khalidwe labwino kuti achepetse mavutowo, iye anakumana ndi vuto lalikulu. Mphepete mwansanja za ayezi, ming'alu ndi miyala zidawonekera pamaso pake. Ndi kulimbikira modabwitsa, kutsatira mapazi a anzake, Wilson anakwanitsa kuphimba pafupifupi 2 makilomita. Chimene, ndithudi, chiri chochepa kwambiri, koma choposa choyenera poyambira. Anataya njira yake nthawi zambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 6000 adapeza msasa No. 2 wa maulendo apitalo. Pa 6250 adakumana ndi chipale chofewa chochuluka, chomwe chinamukakamiza kuti adikire nyengo yoipa kwa masiku awiri muhema wake pamtunda wa madzi oundana. Kumeneko, ali yekha komanso kutali ndi msonkhano, adakondwerera tsiku lake lobadwa la 36. Usiku, mkunthowo unayima, ndipo Wilson anatsikira ku nyumba ya amonke mu maola 16 kupyolera mu chipale chofewa, kumene anauza a Sherpas za ulendo wake ndipo anadya supu yotentha kwa nthawi yoyamba m'masiku 10, kenako anagona ndi kugona kwa maola 38. .

Kuyesera kukwera pamwamba ndikudumpha kunawononga kwambiri thanzi la Wilson. Mabala amene analandira m’nkhondoyo anayamba kuwawa, maso ake anapsa mtima, ndipo kuona kwake kunachepa chifukwa cha khungu la chipale chofeŵa. Anatopa kwambiri. Analandira chithandizo ndi kusala kudya ndi kupemphera kwa masiku 18. Pofika Meyi 12, adalengeza kuti ali wokonzeka kuyesa kwatsopano, ndipo adapempha a Sherpas kuti apite naye. A Sherpas anakana mwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, koma, powona kutengeka kwa Wilson, adagwirizana kuti amuperekeze kumsasa wachitatu. Asanachoke, Maurice analemba kalata imene anapempha akuluakulu a boma kuti akhululukire a Sherpa chifukwa chophwanya lamulo loletsa kukwera mapiri. Mwachionekere, iye anamvetsa kale kuti adzakhala kuno kosatha.

Popeza Sherpas ankadziwa njira, gulu ndi mofulumira (m'masiku 3) anakwera 6500, kumene anasiya zida ndi ulendo ndi mabwinja a chakudya anakumbidwa. Pamwamba pa msasa ndi North Col pamtunda wa 7000 (msasa wotsatira nthawi zambiri umakhazikitsidwa pamenepo). Maurice ndi a Sherpas anakhala masiku angapo mumsasa wa 6500, akudikirira nyengo yoipa, pambuyo pake, pa May 21, Maurice adayesa kukwera kosatheka, komwe kunatenga masiku anayi. Anakwawa pamng’amba wa mlathowo, n’kutulukira pakhoma la ayezi lotalika mamita 12 ndipo anakakamizika kubwerera. Izi zinachitika, mwachiwonekere, chifukwa chakuti Wilson pazifukwa zina anakana kuyenda pazitsulo zomwe zinayikidwa ndi ulendowo. Madzulo a May 24, Wilson, atamwalira, akugwedezeka ndi kugwa, adatsika kuchokera ku madzi oundana ndikugwera m'manja mwa Sherpas, akuvomereza kuti sakanatha kukwera Everest. A Sherpas adayesetsa kumunyengerera kuti apite kunyumba ya amonke, koma Wilson adafuna kuyesanso pa Meyi 29, ndikumupempha kuti adikire masiku 10. Zowonadi, a Sherpas adawona lingalirolo kukhala lopenga ndipo adatsika, ndipo sanamuwonenso Wilson.

Chilichonse chomwe chinachitika pambuyo pake chimadziwika kuchokera m'buku la Maurice. Koma pakali pano m'pofunika kufotokoza chinachake. Kwa mlungu wachitatu, atachira ku matenda aposachedwapa, Maurice anali pamalo okwera osapitirira 7000. Zomwe mwazokha nzochuluka ndipo zimadzutsa mafunso. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nzika ya ku France dzina lake Nicolas Gerger anaganiza zophunzira mozama mafunso amenewa. Pokhala osati wokwera phiri, komanso dokotala, mu 1979 adayesa kuyesa komwe adakhala miyezi iwiri pamtunda wa 2, akukhala yekha ndikuwona momwe thupi lake likuyendera (adali ndi chipangizo chojambulira cardiogram) . Ndiko kuti, Zhezhe ankafuna kuyankha ngati n'zotheka munthu kukhala pa malo okwera kwa nthawi yaitali popanda mpweya. Ndiponsotu, palibe amene angaganize zokhala m’dera la madzi oundana, ndipo anthu okwera mapiri sakhala m’mwamba kwa masiku angapo. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti pamwamba pa 6768 malo a imfa amayamba, kumene kuyenda popanda mpweya kumakhala koopsa (kwenikweni, Zhezhe ankafunanso kutsutsa izi), koma za 8000-6000 (zocheperako kuposa zosasangalatsa), chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. maganizo ndi kuti munthu wathanzi ndi acclimatized, monga ulamuliro, si pangozi. Nicolas anafika pa mfundo yomweyo. Atatsika patatha masiku 8000, adawona kuti adamva bwino. Koma izi sizinali zoona. Madokotala adafufuza ndipo adapeza kuti Nikolai anali pafupi ndi thupi lokha, komanso kutopa kwamanjenje, adasiya kuzindikira zenizeni zenizeni, ndipo, mwina, sakanatha kupirira miyezi ina iwiri pamalo okwera pamwamba pa 60. Nicolas anali wothamanga wophunzitsidwa, tinganene chiyani za Maurice? Nthawi inali ikugwira ntchito motsutsana naye.

Kwenikweni, sipatenga nthawi. Tsiku lotsatira, May 30, Maurice analemba kuti: “Tsiku labwino kwambiri. Patsogolo!". Choncho tikudziwa kuti kunja kunali bwino m’mawa umenewo. Kuwoneka bwino pamalo okwera kumakulimbikitsani nthawi zonse. Atafera m’munsi mwa North Col m’hema wake, Maurice ayenera kuti anali wosangalala. Thupi lake linapezedwa chaka chotsatira ndi Eric Shipton. Chihema chang'ambika, momwemonso zovala, ndipo pazifukwa zina palibe nsapato pa phazi limodzi. Tsopano tikudziwa tsatanetsatane wa nkhaniyi kokha kuchokera ku diary ndi nkhani za Sherpas. Kukhalapo kwake, komanso kupezeka kwa Maurice mwiniwake, kumapereka chikayikiro pa ukulu wa Messner yekha. Komabe, kulingalira bwino ndi kuunika kokhazikika sikumapereka zifukwa zazikulu za izi. Ngati Maurice anapita m’mwamba n’kumwalira potsetsereka, n’chifukwa chiyani sanakwere ku North Col poyamba, pamene sanatope kwambiri? Tinene kuti adakwanitsabe kufikira 7000 (Wikipedia imati adafika 7400, koma izi ndizolakwika). Koma kupitilira apo, kuyandikira pamwamba, gawo la Hillary lingamudikire, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri. Malingaliro okhudza kukwaniritsidwa kwa cholingacho akutengera mawu a munthu wokwera phiri la Tibet Gombu, yemwe akuti adawona chihema chakale pamalo okwera 8500 mu 1960. Chizindikirochi ndi chapamwamba kuposa misasa iliyonse yomwe inasiyidwa ndi maulendo aku Britain, choncho, ngati chihema chinalipo, chikanakhala cha Wilson yekha. Mawu ake samatsimikiziridwa ndi mawu a okwera ena, komanso, kukonza msasa pamalo okwera popanda mpweya ndikokayikitsa kwambiri. Mwachidziwikire, Gombu adasokoneza china chake.

Koma kunena za kulephera kungakhale kosayenera pankhaniyi. Maurice anasonyeza makhalidwe angapo, amene aliyense, ndipo makamaka pamodzi, zimasonyeza zosiyana, kupambana kwambiri. Choyamba, adawonetsa luso lodziwa luso la ndege mwachidule ndipo adadziwonetsera yekha ngati woyendetsa ndege, yemwe adawuluka theka la dziko lapansi popanda chidziwitso, komanso monga injiniya, kulimbikitsa zida zoyendetsa ndege ndikumanganso thanki yowonjezeramo, ndipo mayankho awa adagwira ntchito. Kachiwiri, adawonetsa luso la zokambirana, kupeŵa kumangidwa kwa ndege msanga ndikupeza mafuta, ndipo kenako adapeza a Sherpas, omwe, mwachiwongoladzanja, anali naye pafupi mpaka kumapeto. Chachitatu, mwa zina, Maurice anagonjetsa zovuta zonse, pokhala pansi pa goli la mikhalidwe yolemetsa. Ngakhale Supreme Lama adamuthandiza, atachita chidwi ndi kulimbikira kwake, ndipo woyamba kukwera padziko lapansi adapereka ndime kwa Wilson m'buku lake, tisaname, buku lofuna kutchuka. Pomaliza, kukwera 6500m kwa nthawi yoyamba, popanda zida wamba, popanda luso, pang'ono payekha, ndikofunikira kudziwa. Ndizovuta komanso zapamwamba kuposa nsonga zodziwika bwino monga Mont Blanc, Elbrus kapena Kilimanjaro komanso zofananira ndi nsonga zazitali za Andes. Paulendo wake, Maurice sanalakwitse chilichonse ndipo sanaike aliyense pangozi. Iye analibe banja, palibe ntchito yopulumutsa yomwe inachitika, ndipo sanapemphe ndalama. Chomwe angayimbidwe mlandu ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito mosagwirizana kwa zida zomwe zidasiyidwa ndi maulendo am'mbuyomu m'misasa ndi zinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zidasiyidwa pamenepo, koma mchitidwe woterowo ndi wovomerezeka mpaka lero (ngati sizikuvulaza mwachindunji magulu ena). Kupyolera mu chisokonezo cha ngozi, iye anayenda kulinga kufunikira kwake kukhala pamwamba. Sanafike pachimake cha malo, koma Maurice Wilson mwachiwonekere anafika pachimake chake.

Mulungu Mafilimu angaphunzitse

Zingawonekere kuti ndi chiyani chomwe chingakhale chodabwitsa kuposa Maurice wopenga, wopenga, yemwe anapereka 100% chifukwa cha maloto ake, osati m'mawu, koma muzochita? Ndinkaganiza kuti palibe chimene chingachitike. Messner adadzifunsanso ngati wafika pamlingo wamisala ndi Maurice, kapena ayi. Komabe, pali nkhani ina yomwe imasonyeza momwe munthu sangangodziwa malire a mphamvu zake, komanso kuyang'ana mopitirira. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yachilendo, kuwonjezera pa zosatheka kwambiri, ndikuphwanya lamulo. Zikadalephera, ngwaziyo akadakhala m'ndende zaka 10, ndipo nkhaniyi ikukambidwabe pafupifupi zaka 50 pambuyo pake. Ngakhale kuti panalibe kusayeruzika kapena kukonzekera. Poyamba ndinkafuna kulemba nkhani yosiyana, koma kenako ndinaganiza zoiphatikizira m’nkhani yaikulu, koma kuiika m’ndime yosiyana. Chifukwa nkhaniyi, ponena za kuchuluka kwa misala, imasiya kumbuyo osati Maurice Wilson okha, koma zonse zomwe zinanenedwa poyamba zinatengedwa pamodzi. Izi sizikanatheka. Koma zidachitika, ndipo, mosiyana ndi zochitika zina zambiri zodziwikiratu, zidakonzedwa mosamalitsa komanso kuphedwa mosafunikira, popanda mawu osafunikira ndi malingaliro, popanda mboni, popanda kuvulaza aliyense, popanda kuwombera kamodzi, koma ndi zotsatira za kuphulika kwa bomba.

Zonse zokhudza Stanislav Kurilov. Wobadwira ku Vladikavkaz mu 1936 (omwe akadali Ordzhonikidze), kenako banja linasamukira ku Semipalatinsk. Anatumikira mu asilikali a USSR mu Chemical forces. Kenako anamaliza maphunziro a Nautical School, kenako analowa Institute Oceanographic mu Leningrad. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo nkhani yaitali inayamba kwa zaka zambiri, kutha modabwitsa kwambiri. Monga Maurice, Slava Kurilov anali ndi maloto. Linali loto la nyanja. Anagwira ntchito yosambira, mlangizi ndipo ankafuna kuona nyanja zapadziko lapansi ndi miyala yamchere yamchere, zamoyo ndi zilumba zopanda anthu, zomwe ankawerenga m'mabuku ali mwana. Komabe, ndiye kunali kosatheka kugula tikiti yopita ku Sharm El-Sheikh kapena kwa Male. Zinali zofunikira kupeza visa yotuluka. Sizinali zophweka kuchita izi. Ndipo chirichonse chachilendo chinadzutsa chidwi chosayenera. Apa, mwachitsanzo, ndi chimodzi mwazokumbukira:

Panali mazana atatu a ife pa Bataysk - oceanographer ophunzira ndi cadet wa sukulu m'madzi. Ife, ana asukulu, tinali osadaliridwa kwambiri, kuopa mavuto amtundu uliwonse. Ku Bosphorus Strait, ngalawayo idakakamizikabe kuyimitsa pang'ono kuti ikwere woyendetsa wa m'deralo yemwe angatsogolere Bataysk kudutsa njira yopapatiza.
M'mawa, ophunzira onse ndi ma cadet adatsanukira pa sitimayo kuti ayang'ane mapiri a Istanbul ali patali. Wothandizira wa kaputeniyo adachita mantha ndipo adayamba kuthamangitsa aliyense kumbali. (Mwa njira, anali yekha m'sitimayo yemwe analibe kanthu kochita ndi nyanja ndipo samadziwa kanthu za zochitika za panyanja. Iwo adanena kuti pa ntchito yake yakale - monga commissar pa sukulu ya apanyanja - sakanatha kuzolowera. mawu oti “lowani” kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo, poyitanira ma cadet kuti akambirane, anapitiriza kunena kuti “lowani” chifukwa cha chizolowezi.) Ndinakhala pamwamba pa mlatho wolowera ndipo ndinkatha kuona zonse zimene zinkachitika pa sitimayo. Pamene ofuna kudziwa adathamangitsidwa mbali ya kumanzere, nthawi yomweyo anathamangira kumanja. Wothandizira wa kapitawo anawathamangira kuti awathamangitse kumeneko. Iwo, momveka, sanafune kutsika. Ndinaona khamu la anthu osachepera mazana atatu likuthamanga uku ndi uku kangapo. "Bataysk" inayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kuchokera mbali ndi mbali, ngati kuti ikuyenda bwino panyanja. Woyendetsa ndege waku Turkey, wodabwitsidwa ndi mantha, adatembenukira kwa woyendetsa ndegeyo kuti amveke bwino. Panthawiyi, khamu la anthu am'deralo linali litasonkhana kale m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Bosphorus, akuyang'ana modabwa ngati ngalawa ya Soviet ikugwedezeka kwambiri pagalasi, ngati mphepo yamkuntho yamphamvu, ndipo, kuwonjezera, pagalasi. , pamwamba pa mbali zake zinaoneka ndipo kenako anazimiririka kwinakwake.
Zinatha ndi kaputeni wokwiya kulamula wothandizila kuti achotsedwe pa sitimayo ndikutsekeredwa mnyumbamo, zomwe zida ziwiri zolimba zidachita nthawi yomweyo mosangalala. Koma tidatha kuwona Istanbul - kuchokera kumbali zonse za sitimayo.

Pamene Slava akukonzekera kutenga nawo mbali paulendowu Jacques-Yves Cousteau, yemwe anali atangoyamba kumene ntchito yake yofufuza, anakanidwa. "Kwa Comrade Kurilov, tikuona kuti sikoyenera kuyendera mayiko a capitalist," iyi inali visa yomwe idalembedwa pa pempho la Kurilov. Koma Slava sanataye mtima ndipo anangogwira ntchito. Ndinayendera kumene ndikanatha. Ndinayenda kuzungulira Union ndikupita ku Nyanja ya Baikal m'nyengo yozizira. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono anayamba kusonyeza chidwi m’chipembedzo komanso makamaka yoga. M'lingaliro limeneli, iyenso ndi wofanana ndi Wilson, chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti kuphunzitsa mzimu, pemphero ndi kusinkhasinkha zidzakuthandizani kukulitsa luso lanu ndi kukwaniritsa zosatheka. Maurice, komabe, sanakwaniritse izi, koma Slava adakwanitsa. Yoga, inde, nayenso sakanakhoza kuchitidwa monga choncho. Zolemba zinali zoletsedwa ndikufalikira kuchokera ku dzanja kupita ku dzanja (monga, mwachitsanzo, zolemba za karate), zomwe mu nthawi ya intaneti isanakwane zidayambitsa zovuta zazikulu kwa Kurilov.

Chidwi cha Slava pachipembedzo ndi yoga chinali chodziwika bwino komanso chachindunji. Anaphunzira kuti, malinga ndi nkhani, ma yoga odziwa zambiri amakhala ndi ziwonetsero. Ndipo iye anasinkhasinkha mwakhama, kupempha Mulungu kuti amutumizire iye osachepera kakang'ono, kophweka kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo (izi sizinapindulidwe, kamodzi kokha chinthu chofananacho chinachitika) kuti amve momwe izo zinaliri. Anachitanso chidwi kwambiri ndi mawu a dokotala Bombard Alen, mu 1952 anasambira kudutsa nyanja m'bwato lotenthedwa ndi mphepo: "Ndikudziwa omwe anafa pangozi ya ngalawa yodziwika bwino yomwe inafa msanga: si nyanja yomwe inakuphani, si njala yomwe inakuphani, si ludzu lomwe linakuphani! Pogwedezeka pa mafunde ndi kulira komvetsa chisoni kwa mbalame za m’nyanja, munafa ndi mantha.” Kurilov adakhala masiku akusinkhasinkha, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha sabata kapena mwezi. Panthawi imeneyi iye anasiya ntchito ndi banja. Mkazi wanga sanali kumwa. Sanandiuze kuti ndikhomerere msomali kapena kuchotsa zinyalala. Zoonadi, kugonana sikunali kofunikira. Mkazi wa Ulemerero anapirira zonsezi mwakachetechete, ndipo pambuyo pake anamuthokoza ndikupempha chikhululukiro pa moyo wake wosweka. Mosakayikira, iye anazindikira kuti mwamuna wake anali wosasangalala ndipo anasankha kusamuvutitsa.

Chifukwa cha masewera olimbitsa thupi a yoga, Slava adaphunzitsidwa bwino m'maganizo. Izi ndi zomwe analemba ponena za kukana kutenga nawo mbali paulendo wa Cousteau:

Ndi mkhalidwe wodabwitsa bwanji pamene palibe mantha. Ndinkafuna kupita pabwalo ndikuseka dziko lonse lapansi. Ndinali wokonzeka kuchita zopenga kwambiri

Mwayi wochita zimenezi unapezeka mosayembekezereka. Slava adawerenga m'nyuzipepala, monganso Maurice (zochitika zina!), Nkhani yokhudza ulendo wapamadzi wa Sovetsky Soyuz kuchokera ku Vladivostok kupita ku equator ndi kubwerera. Ulendowu unkatchedwa "Kuyambira Zima mpaka Chilimwe." Chombocho sichinakonzekere kulowa m'madoko ndipo chinali chongoyenda m'madzi osalowerera ndale, kotero visa sinkafunika, ndipo panalibe kusankha kokhwima, komwe kunapatsa Slava mwayi wolowa nawo. Anaganiza kuti ulendo wapamadziwo ungakhale wothandiza mulimonse mmene zingakhalire. Osachepera, ikhala yophunzitsira, ndikuwona momwe zikuyendera. Nayi sitimayo, mwa njira:

Dzina lake likuyimira kupondaponda. Sitimayo inali sitima yankhondo ya ku Germany, yomwe poyamba inkatchedwa "Hansa" ndipo inkagwira ntchito yonyamula asilikali a Nazi. Mu March 1945, gulu lankhondo la Hansa linagunda mgodi ndi kumira, ndipo linagona pansi kwa zaka 4. Pambuyo pa kugawanika kwa zombo za ku Germany, ngalawayo inapita ku USSR, idakwezedwa ndikukonzedwanso, pokhala okonzeka mu 1955 pansi pa dzina latsopano "Soviet Union". Chombocho chinkayendetsa maulendo apaulendo komanso maulendo apaulendo. Ndege yotereyi ndiyomwe Kurilov adagula tikiti (wothandizira tikiti, mwadzidzidzi, sanasiyidwe popanda chilango).

Choncho, Slava anasiya banja lake popanda kuuza mkazi wake chilichonse chokhumudwitsa, ndipo anabwera Vladivostok. Apa ali m’chombo ndi anthu enanso 1200 osagwira ntchito. Kufotokozera zomwe zikuchitika m'mawu a Kurilov palokha kumabweretsa lulz. Iye ananena kuti anthu a m’dzikolo, atathawa m’nyumba zawo zoipa, pozindikira kuti nthawi yopuma n’njochepa, amakhala ngati akukhala tsiku lawo lomaliza. Panali zosangalatsa zochepa m'sitimayo, onse adatopa msanga, kotero okwerawo adabwera ndi zochitika kuti achite chilichonse chomwe akufuna. Zokonda za tchuthi zidapangidwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chake kubuula kumamveka kuseri kwa makoma a zipinda. Kuti akweze chikhalidwe komanso nthawi yomweyo kusangalatsa alendo pang'ono, woyendetsa ndegeyo adabwera ndi lingaliro lokonzekera zowombera moto. "Kodi munthu wa ku Russia amachita chiyani akamva alamu yamoto?" - amafunsa Slava. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo akuyankha kuti: “Ndiko kulondola, akupitiriza kumwa.” Mosakayikira, ali ndi dongosolo lathunthu ndi nthabwala, komanso luso lolemba. Kuti mumvetse bwino Kurilov, ndikusangalala ndi kuwerenga, ndikupangira nkhani zingapo: "Kutumikira Soviet Union" ndi "Usiku ndi Nyanja." Komanso, makamaka, "City of Childhood" za Semipalatinsk. Iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono.

Pamene akuyenda mozungulira ngalawayo, Slava nthawi ina anapita ku gudumu la oyendetsa sitimayo. Anamudzaza tsatanetsatane wa njirayo. Inadutsa, pakati pa malo ena, ku Philippines. Malo oyandikira kwambiri ndi Siargao Island. Ili kum'mawa kwenikweni kwa Philippines. Pambuyo pake, mapu adawonekera m'sitimayo, yomwe, kuti muwone, apa pali mapu omwe chilumbachi ndi malo oyandikana nawo amachokera:

Njira yamtsogolo, komabe, sinalengezedwe. Malinga ndi mawerengedwe a Kurilov, sitimayo, ngati sichisintha, usiku wotsatira udzakhala moyang'anizana ndi chilumba cha Siargao pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 30.

Atadikirira mpaka usiku, Slava adatsikira ku phiko la mlatho woyenda ndikufunsa woyendetsa ngalawayo za nyali za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Anayankha kuti palibe magetsi omwe amawoneka, omwe, komabe, anali omveka kale. Mphepo yamkuntho inayamba. Nyanjayo idakutidwa ndi mafunde a mita 8. Kurilov anali wokondwa: nyengo inathandiza kuti apambane. Ndinapita kumalo odyera chakumapeto kwa chakudya chamadzulo. Sitimayo inali kugwedezeka, mipando yopanda kanthu inali kuyenda uku ndi uku. Nditadya ndinabwerera ku kanyumba kanga ndikutuluka ndi kathumba kakang'ono ndi thaulo. Akuyenda m’kanjirako, kamene kanali ngati chingwe paphompho, ndipo anatuluka n’kukwera m’sitimayo.

"Mnyamata!" - mawu anachokera kumbuyo. Kurilov anadabwa kwambiri. "Mukafika bwanji kuchipinda cha wailesi?" Slava anafotokoza njira, mwamunayo anamvetsera ndikuchoka. Slava adapuma. Kenako anayenda m’mbali mwa malo ounikiramo, n’kudutsa anthu ovina. Iye anaganiza kuti: “Ndinatsanzikana kwathu ku Russia m’mbuyomo, ku Vladivostok Bay. Anatuluka kuseri kwa ngalawayo n’kuyandikira lingalo n’kuyang’ana. Panalibe njira yamadzi yowonekera, koma nyanja yokha. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mapangidwe a mzerewo ali ndi mbali zowoneka bwino, ndipo madzi odulidwawo adabisika kuseri kwa bend. Anali pafupi mamita 15 (kutalika kwa nyumba ya nsanjika 5 ya Khrushchev). Kumbuyo kwa ngalawayo, pa bedi lopinda, amalinyero atatu anali atakhala. Slava anachoka kumeneko ndikuyenda mozungulira pang'ono, kenako, pobwerera, adakondwera kupeza kuti amalinyero awiri adapita kwinakwake, ndipo wachitatu anali kupanga bedi, akutembenukira kumbuyo kwake. Kenako, Kurilov anachita chinachake chimene chinali choyenera filimu yaku Hollywood, koma mwachiwonekere sanali okhwima mokwanira kuti filimu yotereyi iwonekere. Chifukwa sanagwire woyendetsa ngalawayo n’kulanda ngalawayo. Sitima yapamadzi ya NATO sinatuluke pamafunde akulu, ndipo palibe ma helikopita aku America omwe adafika kuchokera ku Angeles Air Base (ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti Philippines ndi dziko lovomerezeka la America). Slava Kurilov adatsamira mkono umodzi pampanda, adaponya thupi lake pambali ndikukankhira mwamphamvu. Woyendetsa sitimayo sanazindikire kalikonse.

Kudumpha kunali kwabwino. Kulowa m'madzi kunachitika ndi mapazi. Madzi anapotoza thupi, koma Slava adatha kukanikiza thumba m'mimba mwake. Kuyandama pamwamba. Tsopano anali pafupi ndi chombo cha sitimayo, chomwe chinkathamanga kwambiri. M’chikwama munalibe bomba, monga mmene munthu angaganizire. Iye sanafune kuphulitsa sitimayo ndipo sanali wodzipha. Ndipo komabe, adazizira ndi mantha a imfa - chopalasa chachikulu chinali chikuzungulira pafupi.

Ndimatha kumva kusuntha kwa masamba ake - mopanda chifundo adadula m'madzi pafupi ndi ine. Mphamvu ina yosagonja imandikokera pafupi ndi pafupi. Ndimayesetsa kusambira kumbali - ndikukakamira mumadzi owundana amadzi oyimilira, ophatikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi propeller. Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti lineryo idayima mwadzidzidzi - ndipo mphindi zochepa zapitazo idayenda pa liwiro la mfundo khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu! Kunjenjemera kochititsa mantha kwaphokoso la gehena, kunjenjemera ndi kung'ung'udza kwa thupi kumadutsa mthupi langa, akuyesa kundikankhira kuphompho lakuda pang'onopang'ono komanso mosalephera. Ndimadzimva ndikukwawira mkokomo uwu... Kampeniyo imazungulira pamwamba pa mutu wanga, ndikutha kusiyanitsa momveka bwino kamvekedwe kake mukubangula koopsa kumeneku. Vint akuwoneka wosangalatsa kwa ine - ali ndi nkhope yomwetulira mwankhanza, manja ake osawoneka andigwira mwamphamvu. Mwadzidzidzi chinachake chimandiponyera pambali, ndipo mwamsanga ndikuwulukira kuphompho kopanda kanthu. Ndinagwidwa ndi mtsinje wamphamvu wamadzi kumanja kwa propeller ndipo ndinaponyedwa pambali.

Zowala zakumbuyo zidawala. Zinkawoneka kuti adamuzindikira - akhala akuwala kwa nthawi yayitali - koma kunada kwambiri. Chikwamacho chinali ndi mpango, zipsepse, chigoba chokhala ndi snorkel ndi magolovesi a utawa. Slava adavala ndikutaya thumba limodzi ndi thaulo losafunikira. Wotchiyo idawonetsa nthawi ya 20:15 (pambuyo pake wotchiyo idayeneranso kutayidwa, popeza idayima). Kudera la Philippines, madziwo anali ofunda. Mutha kuthera nthawi yochuluka m'madzi oterowo. Sitimayo inachoka ndipo posakhalitsa inazimiririka. Pokhapokha kuchokera kutalika kwa shaft yachisanu ndi chinayi ndi kotheka kuwona nyali zake m'chizimezime. Ngakhale munthu atapezeka kuti akusowa, mkuntho wotere palibe amene angatumize ngalawa yopulumutsira anthu.

Kenako chete ndinakhala chete. Kutengekako kudachitika mwadzidzidzi ndipo kudandidabwitsa. Zinali ngati ndili kumbali ina ya zenizeni. Sindinamvetsebe zimene zinachitika. Mafunde a m'nyanja yamdima, kuphulika kowala, zitunda zowoneka bwino zozungulira zimawoneka ngati chinthu chongoyerekeza kapena loto - ingotsegulani maso anga ndipo chilichonse chizimiririka, ndipo ndikadapezekanso m'sitimayo, ndi anzanga, pakati pa phokoso. , kuwala kowala komanso kosangalatsa. Ndi kuyesetsa kwa chifuniro, ndinayesera kubwerera ndekha ku dziko lapitalo, koma palibe chomwe chinasintha, panalibe nyanja yamkuntho yozungulira ine. Chowonadi chatsopanochi sichinamveke. Koma m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, ndinathedwa nzeru ndi mafunde amphamvu, ndipo ndinafunikira kusamala kuti ndisataye mpweya. Ndipo pomalizira pake ndinazindikira kuti ndinali ndekha m’nyanjamo. Palibe podikirira thandizo. Ndipo ndilibe mwayi wofika kugombe wamoyo. Panthawiyo, maganizo anga analankhula monyoza kuti: “Koma tsopano wamasukatu! Kodi izi si zomwe unkafuna kwambiri?!"

Kurilov sanawone gombe. Sanathe kuziwona, chifukwa ngalawayo idapatuka panjira yomwe adafuna, mwina chifukwa cha chimphepo, ndipo kwenikweni sichinali 30, monga momwe Slava adaganizira, koma pafupifupi makilomita 100 kuchokera kugombe. Panthawiyi, mantha ake aakulu anali kuti kufufuza kuyambika, choncho anatsamira m'madzi ndikuyesera kuti apeze ngalawayo. Anachokabe. Pafupifupi theka la ola linadutsa chonchi. Kurilov anayamba kusambira kumadzulo. Poyamba zinali zotheka kuyenda ndi nyali za ngalawa yochoka, ndiye iwo mbisoweka, mvula yamkuntho inatha, ndipo thambo linadzaza ndi mitambo, mvula inayamba kugwa, ndipo zinali zosatheka kudziwa malo a munthu. Mantha adamugwiranso, momwe sakanatha ngakhale theka la ola, koma Slava adagonjetsa. Zinamveka ngati panalibe ngakhale pakati pausiku. Izi sizili momwe Slava ankaganizira za madera otentha. Komabe, chimphepocho chinayamba kuchepa. Jupiter adawonekera. Kenako nyenyezi. Slava ankadziwa zakumwamba pang'ono. Mafunde anachepa ndipo zinakhala zosavuta kusunga malangizo.

M’bandakucha, Slava anayamba kuyesa kuona gombe. Kutsogoloku, kumadzulo, kunali mapiri okha a mitambo ya cumulus. Kachitatu, mantha anayamba. Zinadziwika bwino: mwina mawerengedwewo anali olakwika, kapena sitimayo inasintha kwambiri njira, kapena mafunde adawombera pambali usiku. Koma mantha amenewa anasinthidwa mwamsanga ndi ena. Tsopano, masana, mzerewo ukhoza kubwerera, ndipo udzauzindikira mosavuta. Tiyenera kusambira kuti tifike kumalire a nyanja ya Philippines mwamsanga. Panthawi ina, pafupi ndi sitima yosadziwika inawonekera - makamaka Soviet Union, koma sichinafike. Cha m’ma XNUMX koloko masana, zinaonekeratu kuti cha kumadzulo, mitambo ya mvula inkasonkhana pamalo amodzi, pamene m’malo ena imaonekera n’kungosowa. Ndipo pambuyo pake mawonekedwe obisika a phiri adawonekera.

Chinali chilumba. Tsopano iye anali kuonekera pa malo aliwonse. Ndi nkhani yabwino. Nkhani yoipa inali yakuti tsopano dzuŵa linali pachimake ndipo mitambo inali itasungunuka. Nthaŵi ina ndinasambira mopusa mu Nyanja ya Sulu ya ku Philippine, ndikulingalira za nsomba, kwa maola 2. Kenako ndinakhala masiku atatu m’chipinda changa. Slava, komabe, anali ndi T-shirt ya lalanje (anawerenga kuti mtundu uwu umathamangitsa shaki, ndiye, komabe, adawerenga mosiyana), koma nkhope yake ndi manja zinali kuyaka. Usiku wachiwiri unafika. Kuwala kwa midzi kunkawoneka kale pachilumbachi. Nyanja yachita bata. Chigobacho chinawulula dziko la pansi pamadzi la phosphorescent. Kuyenda kulikonse kunayambitsa kuwotcha - uku kunali kuwala kwa plankton. Zilubwelubwe zinayamba: phokoso linamveka lomwe silingakhalepo pa Dziko Lapansi. Panali kutentha kwambiri, ndipo gulu la physalia jellyfish linayandama, ndipo ngati mutalowamo, mukhoza kukhala olumala. Pamene dzuwa likutuluka, chilumbachi chinkaoneka kale ngati thanthwe lalikulu, ndipo pansi pake panali chifunga.

Ulemerero anapitiriza kuyandama. Panthawiyi anali atatopa kwambiri. Miyendo yanga inayamba kufooka ndipo ndinayamba kuzizira. Patha pafupifupi masiku awiri akusambira! Bwato la usodzi linawonekera kwa iye, likulunjika kwa iye. Slava anasangalala chifukwa anali kale m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo zikhoza kukhala sitima ya ku Philippines yokha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anazindikira ndipo posachedwapa adzatulutsidwa m'madzi, adzapulumutsidwa. Anasiyanso kupalasa. Sitimayo inadutsa osamuzindikira. Madzulo anafika. Mitengo ya kanjedza inali itawonekera kale. Mbalame zazikulu zinali kuwedza. Kenako chilumbachi chinanyamula Slava ndikumunyamula. Pali mafunde ozungulira chilumba chilichonse, ndi amphamvu komanso owopsa. Chaka chilichonse amanyamula alendo osokonekera amene anasambira kutali kwambiri m’nyanja. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, madziwa amakukokerani pachilumba china, koma nthawi zambiri amakutengerani kunyanja. Palibe ntchito yolimbana naye. Kurilov, pokhala katswiri wosambira, nayenso sanathe kuzigonjetsa. Minofu yake inali itatopa ndipo anapachikidwa m’madzi. Anaona ndi mantha kuti chisumbucho chinayamba kupatukira kumpoto ndi kukhala chaching’ono. Kwa nthawi yachinayi, mantha anafika. Kulowa kwadzuwa kunazirala, usiku wachitatu panyanja unayamba. Minofuyo sinagwirenso ntchito. Masomphenya anayamba. Slava anaganiza za imfa. Anadzifunsa ngati kunali koyenera kutalikitsa kuzunzika kwa maola angapo, kapena kutaya zida zake ndikumeza madzi mwachangu? Kenako anagona. Thupi linapitirizabe kuyandama pamadzi, pamene ubongo umapanga zithunzi za moyo wina, womwe pambuyo pake Kurilov anafotokoza kuti ndi kukhalapo kwaumulungu. Panthawiyi, mphepo yomwe inamunyamula kuchoka pachilumbacho inamukokolola kufupi ndi gombe, koma mbali ina. Slava anadzuka chifukwa cha kubangula kwa mafunde ndipo anazindikira kuti ali pamtunda. Panali mafunde aakulu mozungulira ponse, monga momwe ankawonekera pansi, akugudubuzika pa miyala yamchere. Payenera kukhala nyanja yabata kuseri kwa matanthwewo, koma kunalibe. Kwa nthawi ndithu Slava ankalimbana ndi mafunde, kuganiza kuti watsopano aliyense adzakhala wake womaliza, koma pamapeto pake anatha kuwadziwa bwino ndi kukwera crests amene anamutengera ku gombe. Mwadzidzidzi anangodzipeza ataima m’madzi mpaka m’chiuno.

funde lotsatira linamukokolola, ndipo anaduka phazi, ndipo sanamvenso pansi. Chisangalalocho chinachepa. Slava anazindikira kuti ali kunyanja. Ndinayesa kubwerera kunyanjako kuti ndikapume, koma ndinalephera, mafunde sanandilole kukwerapo. Kenako anaganiza, ndi mphamvu yake yomaliza, kusambira molunjika kutali ndi phokoso la mafunde. Kenako padzakhala gombe - ndizodziwikiratu. Kusambira m’nyanjamo kunali kwa pafupifupi ola lathunthu, ndipo m’munsimu munali mozama kwambiri. Zinali zotheka kale kuvula chigobacho, kuyang'ana pozungulira ndikumanga mawondo akhungu pamphepete mwa nyanja ndi mpango. Kenako anapitiriza kusambira kumene kunali magetsi. Pomwe nduwira za kanjedza zidawonekera mumlengalenga wakuda, mphamvu idachokanso mthupi. Maloto adayambanso. Pochita khama lina, Slava adamva pansi ndi mapazi ake. Tsopano zinali zotheka kuyenda m’madzi mpaka pachifuwa. Kenako mpaka m’chiuno. Slava adatuluka kupita ku mchenga woyera wa coral, womwe umadziwika kwambiri pakutsatsa masiku ano, ndipo, atatsamira mtengo wa kanjedza, adakhalapo. Nthawi yomweyo, Slava adakwaniritsa zokhumba zake zonse nthawi imodzi. Kenako anagona.

Ndinadzuka ndi kulumidwa ndi tizilombo. Ndikuyang'ana malo abwino kwambiri m'nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndinapeza bwato lomwe linali lisanamalizidwe, momwe ndinagona pang'ono. Sindinafune kudya. Ndinafuna kumwa, koma osati monga akufa ndi ludzu amafuna kumwa. Panali kokonati pansi, Slava anathyola movutikira, koma sanapeze madzi - mtedzawo unali wakucha. Pazifukwa zina, Kurilov ankawoneka kuti tsopano akukhala pachilumbachi ngati Robinson ndipo anayamba kulota momwe angamangire kanyumba kuchokera ku nsungwi. Kenako ndinakumbukira kuti pachilumbachi munali anthu. Iye anaganiza kuti: “Ndidzayang’ana munthu pafupi ndi kumene kulibe anthu. Kusuntha kunamveka kuchokera kumbali, kenako anthu adawonekera. Iwo anadabwa kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a Kurilov m'dera lawo, amene anali kuwala ndi plankton, ngati mtengo wa Khirisimasi. Chowonjezera pa zest chinali chakuti panali manda pafupi, ndipo anthu akumaloko ankaganiza kuti awona mzimu. Linali banja lochokera kokawedza madzulo. Ana anafika kaye. Iwo anakhudza izo ndipo ananena chinachake chokhudza "American." Kenako anaganiza kuti Slava wapulumuka chombocho ndipo anayamba kumufunsa zambiri. Atamva kuti palibe chimene chachitika, kuti iye mwiniyo analumphira m’mbali mwa ngalawayo n’kupita apa, iwo anafunsa funso limene iye analibe yankho lomveka bwino lakuti: “Chifukwa chiyani?”

Anthu a m’derali anamuperekeza kumudzi n’kumulowetsa m’nyumba. Zilubwelubwe zinayambanso, pansi panasowa pansi pa mapazi anga. Anandipatsa chakumwa chotentha, ndipo Slava anamwa tiyi yonse. Ndinalepherabe kudya chifukwa cha kuwawa kwa mkamwa. Ambiri mwa anthu am'deralo anali ndi chidwi ndi momwe nsombazi sizimamudyera. Slava adawonetsa chithumwa pakhosi pake - yankho ili lidawayendera bwino. Zinapezeka kuti mzungu (a ku Philippines ndi khungu lakuda) anali asanawonekere kuchokera kunyanja m'mbiri yonse ya chilumbachi. Kenako anabweretsa wapolisi. Anapempha kuti anene nkhaniyo papepala n’kunyamuka. Slava Kurilov anagonekedwa. Ndipo m’mawa mwake anthu onse a m’mudzimo anadza kudzamulonjera. Kenako anaona jeep ndi alonda okhala ndi mfuti. Asilikali anamutengera kundende, osamulola kusangalala ndi paradaiso (malinga ndi Slava) pachilumbacho.

M’ndende iwo sankadziwa kwenikweni choti achite naye. Kupatula kuwoloka malire mosaloledwa, sanali chigawenga. Anatitumiza limodzi ndi enawo kuti tikambe ngalande za kudzudzula. Choncho mwezi ndi theka unadutsa. Ziyenera kunena kuti ngakhale m'ndende ya ku Philippines Kurilov ankakonda kwambiri kuposa kwawo. Panali madera otentha ponseponse omwe ankafuna. Woyang'anira ndende, akumva kusiyana pakati pa Slava ndi achifwamba ena, nthawi zina ankapita naye mumzinda madzulo akaweruka kuntchito, komwe amapita kumalo otsekemera. Tsiku lina titangomaliza kumene kumwa mowa, anandiitana kuti ndikacheze naye. Kurilov anakumbukira nthawi imeneyi ndi chidwi akazi am'deralo. Atakumana nawo ataledzera kunyumba 5 koloko m'mawa, mkaziyo sanangonena chilichonse chotsutsa, koma, m'malo mwake, adawalonjera mokoma mtima ndikuyamba kukonza chakudya cham'mawa. Ndipo patapita miyezi ingapo iye anamasulidwa.

Kwa anthu onse achidwi ndi mabungwe. Chikalatachi chikutsimikizira kuti Bambo Stanislav Vasilievich Kurilov, wazaka 38, waku Russia, adatumizidwa ku bungweli ndi akuluakulu ankhondo, ndipo atafufuza zidapezeka kuti adapezeka ndi asodzi am'deralo pamphepete mwa General Luna, Siargao Island, Surigao. , pa December 15, 1974, atalumpha kuchokera m’sitima ya ku Soviet Union pa December 13, 1974. A Kurilov alibe zikalata zoyendera kapena chikalata china chilichonse chotsimikizira kuti ndi ndani. Akuti anabadwira ku Vladikavkaz (Caucasus) pa July 17, 1936. Bambo Kurilov anafotokoza chikhumbo chofuna chitetezo m'dziko lililonse lakumadzulo, makamaka Canada, kumene adanena kuti mlongo wake amakhala, ndipo adanena kuti adatumiza kale kalata ku Embassy ya Canada ku Manila kupempha chilolezo chokhala ku Canada. Bungweli silikhala ndi chotsutsana ndi kuchotsedwa kwake mdziko muno pachifukwa ichi. Satifiketiyi inaperekedwa pa June 2, 1975 ku Manila, Philippines.

Anali mlongo wa ku Canada amene poyamba anali chopinga ndipo kenako chinsinsi cha ufulu Kurilov. Zinali chifukwa cha iye kuti sanaloledwe kunja kwa dziko, chifukwa adakwatiwa ndi Mmwenye ndipo adasamukira ku Canada. Ku Canada anapeza ntchito yantchito ndipo anakhalako kwa nthaŵi ndithu, kenako n’kumagwira ntchito m’makampani ochita kafukufuku panyanja. Nkhani yake inasiyidwa ndi Aisraeli, omwe adaganiza zopanga filimu ndikumuitanira ku Israeli kuti achite izi, ndikumupatsa ndalama zokwana $1000. Kanemayo, komabe, sanapangidwe (m'malo mwake, filimu yapanyumba idapangidwa mu 2012 potengera zokumbukira za mkazi wake watsopano, Elena, yemwe adamupeza kumeneko). Ndipo mu 1986 anasamuka kukakhala ku Israel kosatha. Kumene, zaka 2 pambuyo pake, adamwalira akusewera m'madzi, akukodwa muukonde wausodzi, ali ndi zaka 61. Tikudziwa zambiri zokhudza mbiri ya Kurilov kuchokera ku zolemba zake ndi buku, lofalitsidwa pakuchitapo kanthu kwa mkazi wake watsopano. Ndipo filimu yopangidwa kunyumba, ikuoneka kuti inkawonetsedwa pa TV yapanyumba.

Source: www.habr.com