SRE (Site Reliability Engineering) ndi njira yopangira mawebusayiti kuti apezeke. Imatengedwa ngati chimango cha DevOps ndikuwuza momwe mungapambanire kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a DevOps. Nkhaniyi ikumasulira mabuku kuchokera ku Google. Ndinakonza ndekha zomasulirazi ndikudalira luso langa pakumvetsetsa njira zowunikira. Mu njira ya telegraph ΠΈ Ndinasindikizanso kumasulira kwa Mutu 6 wa bukhu lomweli lonena za zolinga za utumiki.
Kumasulira kwa mphaka. Sangalalani kuwerenga!
Ndikosatheka kuyang'anira ntchito ngati palibe kumvetsetsa zomwe zizindikiro ndizofunikira komanso momwe mungayesere ndikuwunika. Kuti izi zitheke, timatanthauzira ndikupereka gawo lina la ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, mosasamala kanthu kuti amagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa ma API athu amkati kapena zinthu zapagulu.
Timagwiritsa ntchito nzeru zathu, zomwe takumana nazo, komanso kumvetsetsa kwachikhumbo cha ogwiritsa ntchito kuti timvetsetse Zizindikiro za Service Level (SLIs), Service Level Objectives (SLOs), ndi Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Miyezo iyi ikufotokoza ma metrics akulu omwe tikufuna kuyang'anira ndi zomwe tingachite ngati sitingathe kupereka ntchito yomwe ikuyembekezeka. Pamapeto pake, kusankha ma metric oyenerera kumathandiza kutsogolera zochita zoyenera ngati chinachake sichikuyenda bwino, komanso kumapatsa gulu la SRE chidaliro pa thanzi la ntchitoyo.
Mutuwu ukufotokoza njira yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi mavuto a ma metric modelling, kusankha ma metric, ndi kusanthula ma metric. Mafotokozedwe ambiri adzakhala opanda zitsanzo, kotero tidzagwiritsa ntchito utumiki wa Shakespeare wofotokozedwa mu chitsanzo chake chokhazikitsa (fufuzani ntchito za Shakespeare) kuti tifotokoze mfundo zazikulu.
Terminology mlingo wa utumiki
Owerenga ambiri akudziwa bwino za SLA, koma mawu oti SLI ndi SLO akuyenera kufotokozedwa mosamalitsa chifukwa nthawi zambiri mawu akuti SLA amakhala olemetsa ndipo ali ndi matanthauzo angapo malinga ndi nkhaniyo. Kuti zimveke bwino, tikufuna kulekanitsa mfundo izi.
Zizindikiro
SLI ndi chizindikiro cha mlingo wa utumiki-chiwerengero chodziwika bwino cha gawo limodzi la mlingo wa utumiki woperekedwa.
Kwa mautumiki ambiri, SLI yofunikira imatengedwa ngati kupempha latency - zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kubwezera yankho ku pempho. Ma SLI ena odziwika amaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zolakwika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati kachigawo kakang'ono ka zopempha zonse zomwe zalandiridwa, ndi kutulutsa kwadongosolo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa pazopempha pamphindikati. Miyezo nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa: zopangira zimasonkhanitsidwa kaye kenako zimasinthidwa kukhala masinthidwe, tanthauzo, kapena maperesenti.
Moyenera, SLI imayesa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa ntchito zachiwongoladzanja, koma nthawi zina ma metric okhudzana ndi omwe amapezeka kuti ayezedwe chifukwa choyambiriracho chimakhala chovuta kupeza kapena kutanthauzira. Mwachitsanzo, kuchedwa kwa kasitomala nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera, koma nthawi zina kuchedwa kumangoyezedwa pa seva.
Mtundu wina wa SLI womwe ndi wofunikira kwa SREs ndi kupezeka, kapena gawo la nthawi yomwe ntchito ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amatanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa zopempha zopambana, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa zokolola. (Nthawi zonse zamoyo-mwayi woti deta idzasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali-ndikofunikiranso ku machitidwe osungira deta.) Ngakhale kuti kupezeka kwa 100% sikutheka, kupezeka pafupi ndi 100% nthawi zambiri kumapezeka; chiwerengero cha "naini" Β» kuchuluka kwa kupezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwa 99% ndi 99,999% kumatha kulembedwa kuti "2 nines" ndi "5 nines". Cholinga cha Google Compute Engine chomwe chilipo pano ndi "masanu asanu ndi anayi ndi theka" kapena 99,95%.
Zolinga
SLO ndi cholinga cha mulingo wautumiki: mtengo womwe chandamale kapena kuchuluka kwamitengo yamtundu wautumiki womwe umayesedwa ndi SLI. Mtengo wabwinobwino wa SLO ndi "SLI β€ Target" kapena "Lower Limit β€ SLI β€ Upper Limit". Mwachitsanzo, titha kuganiza kuti tibweza zotsatira zakusaka kwa Shakespeare "mwachangu" pokhazikitsa SLO kuti ikhale yanthawi yayitali yosakwana 100 milliseconds.
Kusankha SLO yoyenera ndi njira yovuta. Choyamba, simungasankhe nthawi zonse mtengo wake. Pamafunso akunja a HTTP obwera ku ntchito yanu, metric ya Query Per Second (QPS) imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi chikhumbo cha owerenga kuti azichezera ntchito yanu, ndipo simungathe kukhazikitsa SLO pa izi.
Kumbali ina, mutha kunena kuti mukufuna kuti latency ya pempho lililonse ikhale yochepera 100 milliseconds. Kukhazikitsa cholinga choterocho kungakukakamizeni kuti mulembe kutsogolo kwanu ndi low latency kapena kugula zida zomwe zimapereka latency yotere. (100 milliseconds mwachiwonekere ndi nambala yokhazikika, koma ndibwino kukhala ndi manambala otsika kwambiri. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kuthamanga kwachangu kuli bwino kuposa kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuti latency pokonza zopempha za ogwiritsa ntchito pamwamba pa zikhalidwe zina zimakakamiza anthu kuti asachoke. kuchokera ku utumiki wanu.)
Apanso, izi ndizosamveka kuposa momwe zingawonekere poyang'ana koyamba: simuyenera kusiya QPS pakuwerengera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti QPS ndi latency zimagwirizana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake: QPS yapamwamba nthawi zambiri imatsogolera kuchedwa kwambiri, ndipo mautumiki nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito akafika pachimake cholemetsa.
Kusankha ndi kusindikiza SLO kumakhazikitsa ziyembekezo za ogwiritsa ntchito momwe ntchitoyo idzagwirira ntchito. Njirayi ikhoza kuchepetsa madandaulo opanda pake kwa mwiniwake wautumiki, monga kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Popanda SLO yodziwika bwino, ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amapanga ziyembekezo zawo pazomwe akufuna, zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi malingaliro a anthu omwe akupanga ndikuwongolera ntchitoyo. Izi zitha kubweretsa ziyembekezo zochulukira kuchokera kuutumiki, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito molakwika amakhulupirira kuti ntchitoyi ipezeka mosavuta kuposa momwe ilili, ndikuyambitsa kusakhulupirirana pamene ogwiritsa ntchito akukhulupirira kuti dongosololi silidali lodalirika kuposa momwe lilili.
Mgwirizano
Mgwirizano wa mulingo wa ntchito ndi mgwirizano wowonekera kapena wosabisa kanthu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito anu, womwe umaphatikizapo zotulukapo zokumana (kapena kusakwaniritsa) ma SLO omwe ali nawo. Zotsatira zake zimazindikirika mosavuta ngati zili zandalama - kuchotsera kapena chindapusa - koma zimatha kuchitika m'njira zina. Njira yosavuta yolankhulira za kusiyana kwa ma SLO ndi ma SLA ndikufunsa kuti "chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ma SLO sakukwaniritsidwa?" Ngati palibe zotsatira zomveka, mukuyang'ana SLO.
SRE nthawi zambiri satenga nawo gawo popanga ma SLA chifukwa ma SLA amalumikizana kwambiri ndi zisankho zamabizinesi ndi malonda. SRE, komabe, ikukhudzidwa ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa zotsatira za SLO zolephera. Angathandizenso kudziwa SLI: Mwachiwonekere, payenera kukhala njira yeniyeni yoyezera SLO mu mgwirizano kapena padzakhala kusagwirizana.
Google Search ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito yofunika yomwe ilibe SLA yapagulu: tikufuna kuti aliyense agwiritse ntchito Search moyenera momwe angathere, koma sitinasaine mgwirizano ndi dziko. Komabe, pamakhalabe zotulukapo ngati kusaka sikukupezeka - kusapezeka kumabweretsa kutsika kwa mbiri yathu komanso kuchepa kwa ndalama zotsatsa. Ntchito zina zambiri za Google, monga Google for Work, zili ndi mapangano amgwirizano wapagulu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Mosasamala kanthu kuti ntchito inayake ili ndi SLA, ndikofunikira kufotokozera SLI ndi SLO ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito poyang'anira ntchitoyo.
Chiphunzitso chochuluka - tsopano zokumana nazo.
Zizindikiro muzochita
Popeza tatsimikiza kuti ndikofunikira kusankha ma metric oyenerera kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa ntchito, mumadziwa bwanji kuti ndi ma metric omwe ali ofunika pa sevisi kapena makina?
Kodi inuyo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mumasamala chiyani?
Simufunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito metric iliyonse ngati SLI yomwe mungayang'anire munjira yowunikira; Kumvetsetsa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kuchokera pamakina kudzakuthandizani kusankha ma metric angapo. Kusankha zizindikiro zambiri kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyang'ana zizindikiro zofunika, pamene kusankha chiwerengero chochepa kungasiye zigawo zazikulu za dongosolo lanu mosasamala. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zingapo kuti tiyese ndikumvetsetsa thanzi la dongosolo.
Ntchito zimatha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo malinga ndi SLI zomwe zili zofunika kwa iwo:
- Makina akutsogolo, monga malo osakira a Shakespeare kuchokera ku chitsanzo chathu. Ayenera kukhalapo, osachedwetsa komanso kukhala ndi bandwidth yokwanira. Chifukwa chake, mafunso angafunsidwe: Kodi tingayankhe pempholi? Zinatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ayankhe pempholi? Ndi zopempha zingati zomwe zitha kukonzedwa?
- Machitidwe osungira. Amayamikira kuchedwa kwapang'onopang'ono, kupezeka, ndi kulimba. Mafunso ofananira: Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti muwerenge kapena kulemba deta? Kodi tingathe kupeza zambiri tikapempha? Kodi deta imapezeka tikaifuna? Onani Mutu 26 Kukhulupirika kwa Data: Zomwe Mumawerenga Ndi Zomwe Mumalemba kuti mukambirane mwatsatanetsatane za nkhaniyi.
- Machitidwe akuluakulu a deta monga mapaipi opangira deta amadalira kupititsa patsogolo ndi kuchedwa kwa mafunso. Mafunso ofananira: Kodi deta imasinthidwa bwanji? Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti data iyende kuchokera pakulandila pempho kupita pakuyankhidwa? (Mbali zina zadongosolo zimathanso kukhala ndi kuchedwa mu magawo ena.)
Kusonkhanitsa zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zambiri zautumiki zimasonkhanitsidwa mwachilengedwe kumbali ya seva, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira monga Borgmon (onani pansipa). ) kapena Prometheus, kapena kungosanthula zipikazo nthawi ndi nthawi, kuzindikira mayankho a HTTP okhala ndi mawonekedwe a 500. Komabe, machitidwe ena ayenera kukhala ndi zida zosonkhanitsira ma metrics a kasitomala, chifukwa kusowa kwa kuwunika kwa kasitomala kungayambitse kuphonya angapo mavuto omwe amakhudza. ogwiritsa, koma osakhudza ma metric a mbali ya seva. Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'ana pa kuyankha kwa backend latency ya Shakespeare search test application kungayambitse kuchedwa kwa wosuta chifukwa cha JavaScript: pamenepa, kuyeza nthawi yomwe msakatuli amatenga kuti akonze tsambalo ndi metric yabwinoko.
Kuphatikiza
Kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, nthawi zambiri timaphatikiza miyeso yaiwisi. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala.
Ma metrics ena amawoneka ophweka, monga zopempha pa sekondi iliyonse, koma ngakhale muyeso wowongokawu umaphatikizanso zambiri pakapita nthawi. Kodi muyeso umalandiridwa mwachindunji kamodzi pa sekondi iliyonse kapena muyesowo umatengera kuchuluka kwa zopempha pamphindi imodzi? Njira yotsirizayi imatha kubisala zopempha zambiri zomwe zimangotenga masekondi angapo. Ganizirani za dongosolo lomwe limapereka zopempha 200 pamphindi imodzi yokhala ndi manambala ngakhale 0 nthawi yonseyi. Kukhazikika mu mawonekedwe a mtengo wapakati wa zopempha za 100 pamphindikati ndi kawiri katundu wanthawi yomweyo sizili zofanana. Momwemonso, kuchuluka kwa ma query latencies kungawoneke ngati kosangalatsa, koma kumabisa tsatanetsatane wofunikira: ndizotheka kuti mafunso ambiri azikhala mwachangu, koma padzakhala mafunso ambiri omwe akuchedwa.
Zizindikiro zambiri zimaganiziridwa bwino ngati magawidwe osati ma avareji. Mwachitsanzo, kwa SLI latency, zopempha zina zidzakonzedwa mwamsanga, pamene zina zimatenga nthawi yaitali, nthawi zina zambiri. Wapakati wosavuta amatha kubisa kuchedwa kwanthawi yayitali. Chiwerengerochi chikuwonetsa chitsanzo: ngakhale pempho lodziwika bwino limatenga pafupifupi 50 ms kuti liperekedwe, 5% ya zopempha zimachedwerapo ka 20! Kuyang'anira ndi kuchenjeza potengera kuchedwa kwapakati sikuwonetsa kusintha kwamakhalidwe tsiku lonse, pomwe pali zosintha zowoneka bwino munthawi yokonza zopempha zina (mzere wapamwamba kwambiri).
50, 85, 95, ndi 99 percentile system latency. Y axis ili mumtundu wa logarithmic.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma percentiles pazizindikiro kumakupatsani mwayi wowona mawonekedwe agawidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake: kuchuluka kwa maperesenti, monga 99 kapena 99,9, kumawonetsa mtengo woyipa kwambiri, pomwe 50 percentile (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti median) ikuwonetsa nthawi zambiri metric. Kuchulukirachulukira kwanthawi yoyankhidwa, zopempha zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali zimakhudza zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo. Zotsatira zimakulitsidwa pansi pa katundu wambiri komanso pamaso pa mizere. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito wasonyeza kuti anthu nthawi zambiri amakonda dongosolo locheperako lomwe limasinthasintha nthawi yoyankha, kotero magulu ena a SRE amangoganizira za kuchuluka kwa maperesenti, pamaziko akuti ngati mayendedwe a metric pa 99,9 percentile ndi abwino, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri sangakumane ndi mavuto. .
Zindikirani pa zolakwika za chiwerengero
Nthawi zambiri timakonda kugwira ntchito ndi ma percentiles m'malo motanthauza (masamu) amtundu wamtengo. Izi zimatithandizira kulingalira zamtengo wapatali, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri (komanso zosangalatsa) kusiyana ndi pafupifupi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka makina apakompyuta, ma metric values ββnthawi zambiri amasokonekera, kotero kuti palibe pempho lomwe lingalandire yankho pasanathe 0 ms, ndipo kutuluka kwa 1000 ms kumatanthauza kuti sipangakhale mayankho opambana okhala ndi mikhalidwe yayikulu kuposa nthawi yatha. Zotsatira zake, sitingavomereze kuti tanthauzo ndi wapakatikati akhoza kukhala ofanana kapena oyandikana wina ndi mnzake!
Popanda kuyezetsa m'mbuyomu, komanso pokhapokha ngati tilingalira ndi kuyerekezera kwina, timasamala kuti tisaganize kuti deta yathu imagawidwa nthawi zambiri. Ngati kugawa sikuli koyenera, njira yodzipangira yokha yomwe imakonza vutoli (mwachitsanzo, ikawona otuluka, imayambiranso seva ndi ma latency ofunikira kwambiri) ikhoza kukhala ikuchita nthawi zambiri kapena osakwanira (zonse ziwiri sizikhala). zabwino kwambiri).
Sinthani zizindikiro
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti musinthe mawonekedwe a SLI kuti musamangoganizira za iwo nthawi zonse. Chilichonse chomwe chimakwaniritsa machitidwe okhazikika chikhoza kuchotsedwa kuzomwe zili mu SLI, mwachitsanzo:
- Nthawi zophatikiza: "avereji yopitilira miniti imodzi"
- Madera ophatikiza: "Ntchito zonse mgulu"
- Miyezo imatengedwa kangati: "Masekondi 10 aliwonse"
- Ndi zopempha ziti zomwe zimayatsidwa: "HTTP GET kuchokera ku ntchito zowunika za black box"
- Momwe deta imapezekera: "Tithokoze chifukwa chowunika kwathu kuyeza pa seva"
- Deta access latency: "Time to last byte"
Kuti musunge kuyesetsa, pangani ma templates a SLI omwe angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa metric iliyonse wamba; amathandizanso kuti aliyense amvetsetse tanthauzo la SLI inayake.
Zolinga pochita
Yambani poganizira (kapena kupeza!) zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito anu amasamala nazo, osati zomwe mungathe kuyeza. Nthawi zambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito anu amasamala zimakhala zovuta kapena zosatheka kuyeza, kotero mumafika pafupi ndi zosowa zawo. Komabe, mukangoyamba ndi zomwe ndizosavuta kuyeza, mutha kukhala ndi ma SLO osafunikira. Chotsatira chake, nthawi zina tapeza kuti poyambirira kuzindikira zolinga zomwe timafuna ndikugwira ntchito ndi zizindikiro zenizeni zimagwira ntchito bwino kusiyana ndi kusankha zizindikiro ndikukwaniritsa zolingazo.
Fotokozani zolinga zanu
Kuti zimveke bwino, ziyenera kufotokozedwa momwe ma SLO amayezedwa komanso momwe alili ovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, tinganene zotsatirazi (mzere wachiwiri ndi wofanana ndi woyamba, koma umagwiritsa ntchito zosasintha za SLI):
- 99% (avareji yopitilira miniti imodzi) ya Pezani ma RPC mafoni atha kumaliza osakwana 1ms (kuyezedwa pamaseva onse akumbuyo).
- 99% ya Pezani mafoni a RPC atha kutha osakwana 100ms.
Ngati mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito ndi ofunikira, mutha kufotokozera ma SLO angapo:
- 90% ya Pezani mafoni a RPC omaliza osakwana 1 ms.
- 99% ya Pezani mafoni a RPC omaliza osakwana 10 ms.
- 99.9% ya Pezani mafoni a RPC omaliza osakwana 100 ms.
Ngati ogwiritsa ntchito anu akupanga zochulukirachulukira: kukonza zochulukira (komwe kutulutsa kuli kofunikira) komanso kukonza kolumikizana (komwe kuchedwa kuli kofunika), kungakhale koyenera kutanthauzira zolinga zosiyana pagulu lililonse la katundu:
- 95% ya zopempha zamakasitomala zimafuna kupitilira. Khazikitsani kuchuluka kwa mafoni a RPC ochitidwa <1 s.
- 99% ya makasitomala amasamala za latency. Khazikitsani kuchuluka kwa mafoni a RPC okhala ndi magalimoto <1 KB ndikuthamanga <10 ms.
Ndizosavomerezeka komanso zosafunikira kulimbikira kuti ma SLO adzakwaniritsidwe 100% nthawiyo: izi zitha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa kuyambitsa magwiridwe antchito atsopano ndi kutumizidwa, ndipo zimafuna mayankho okwera mtengo. M'malo mwake, ndi bwino kulola bajeti yolakwika - kuchuluka kwa nthawi yochepetsera dongosolo - ndikuwunika mtengowu tsiku lililonse kapena sabata iliyonse. Akuluakulu atha kufuna kuwunika pamwezi kapena kotala. (Bajeti yolakwika ndi SLO chabe poyerekeza ndi SLO ina.)
Kuchuluka kwa kuphwanya kwa SLO kungayerekezedwe ndi bajeti yolakwika (onani Mutu 3 ndi gawo ), ndi mtengo wosiyana womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholowetsa panjira yomwe imasankha nthawi yotumiza zatsopano.
Kusankha makonda omwe mukufuna
Kusankha mapulani (SLOs) si ntchito yaukadaulo chabe chifukwa cha malonda ndi zokonda zamabizinesi zomwe ziyenera kuwonetsedwa mu ma SLI osankhidwa, ma SLO (ndipo mwina ma SLA). Momwemonso, zidziwitso zingafunikire kusinthana zokhudzana ndi ntchito, nthawi yogulitsa, kupezeka kwa zida, ndi ndalama. SRE iyenera kukhala gawo la zokambiranazi ndikuthandizira kumvetsetsa kuopsa ndi kuthekera kwa zosankha zosiyanasiyana. Tabwera ndi mafunso angapo omwe angathandize kuti zokambirana zikhale zaphindu:
Osasankha cholinga malinga ndi momwe mukugwirira ntchito pano.
Ngakhale kumvetsetsa mphamvu ndi malire a dongosolo ndikofunika, kusintha ma metrics popanda kulingalira kungakulepheretseni kusunga dongosolo: zidzafunika kuyesetsa mwamphamvu kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zomwe sizingatheke popanda kukonzanso kwakukulu.
Khalani osavuta
Kuwerengera kovutirapo kwa SLI kumatha kubisala kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza chomwe chayambitsa vutoli.
Pewani mitheradi
Ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kukhala ndi dongosolo lomwe lingathe kuthana ndi katundu wokulirapo kwamuyaya popanda kuwonjezereka kwa latency, chofunikira ichi ndi chosatheka. Dongosolo lomwe limakwaniritsa malingaliro otere lingafunike nthawi yochulukirapo kuti lipange ndikumanga, lidzakhala lokwera mtengo kuti ligwiritse ntchito, ndipo lidzakhala labwino kwambiri pazomwe amayembekeza ogwiritsa ntchito omwe angachite ndi chilichonse chocheperako.
Gwiritsani ntchito ma SLO ochepa momwe mungathere
Sankhani ma SLO okwanira kuti muwonetsetse kufalikira kwa machitidwe. Tetezani ma SLO omwe mwasankha: Ngati simungapambane mkangano pazofunikira pofotokoza za SLO inayake, mwina sikungakhale koyenera kuganizira za SLO. Komabe, sizinthu zonse zamakina zomwe zimathandizira ma SLO: ndizovuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kusangalatsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma SLO.
Osathamangitsa ungwiro
Mutha kukonzanso matanthauzidwe ndi zolinga za SLOs pakapita nthawi mukamaphunzira zambiri zamachitidwe adongosolo. Ndi bwino kuyamba ndi cholinga choyandama chimene mudzachikonza pakapita nthawi kusiyana ndi kusankha cholinga chokhwimitsa zinthu kwambiri chimene muyenera kumasuka mukachipeza kuti sichikutheka.
Ma SLO amatha ndipo akuyenera kukhala dalaivala wofunikira pakuyika ntchito patsogolo kwa ma SRE ndi opanga zinthu chifukwa akuwonetsa nkhawa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. SLO yabwino ndi chida chothandizira gulu lachitukuko. Koma SLO yopangidwa molakwika imatha kubweretsa ntchito yowononga ngati gulu likuchita khama kuti likwaniritse SLO yaukali kwambiri, kapena chinthu chosauka ngati SLO ili yotsika kwambiri. SLO ndi lever yamphamvu, igwiritseni ntchito mwanzeru.
Sinthani miyeso yanu
SLI ndi SLO ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira machitidwe:
- Yang'anirani ndi kuyeza machitidwe a SLI.
- Fananizani SLI ndi SLO ndikusankha ngati pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu.
- Ngati pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu, ganizirani zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika kuti mukwaniritse cholingacho.
- Malizitsani izi.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati sitepe yachiwiri ikuwonetsa kuti pempho latsala pang'ono kutha ndipo lidzaphwanya SLO mu maola ochepa ngati palibe chomwe chachitika, sitepe 2 ikhoza kuphatikizapo kuyesa lingaliro lakuti ma seva ali ndi CPU omangidwa ndikuwonjezera ma seva ambiri adzagawa katunduyo. Popanda SLO, simungadziwe (kapena liti) kuchitapo kanthu.
Khazikitsani SLO - ndiye zoyembekeza za ogwiritsa ntchito zidzakhazikitsidwa
Kusindikiza SLO kumakhazikitsa zoyembekeza za ogwiritsa ntchito pamachitidwe. Ogwiritsa (ndi omwe angakhale ogwiritsa ntchito) nthawi zambiri amafuna kudziwa zomwe angayembekezere kuchokera ku ntchito kuti amvetsetse ngati ili yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba logawana zithunzi angafune kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yomwe imalonjeza moyo wautali komanso mtengo wotsika posinthanitsa ndi kupezeka pang'ono, ngakhale ntchito yomweyi ingakhale yabwino pamakina oyang'anira zolemba zakale.
Kuti mukhazikitse ziyembekezo zenizeni kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito njira imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri izi:
- Sungani malire achitetezo. Gwiritsani ntchito SLO yolimba yamkati kuposa yomwe imalengezedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Izi zidzakupatsani mwayi wochitapo kanthu pazovuta zisanawonekere kunja. Buffer ya SLO imakupatsaninso mwayi wokhala ndi malire achitetezo mukayika zotulutsa zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosololi ndi losavuta kusamalira popanda kukhumudwitsa ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yopumira.
- Osapyola zoyembekeza za ogwiritsa ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatengera zomwe mumapereka, osati zomwe mumanena. Ngati ntchito yeniyeni ya ntchito yanu ili bwino kuposa SLO yomwe yanenedwa, ogwiritsa ntchito adzadalira zomwe zikuchitika. Mukhoza kupewa kudalira kwambiri mwa kutseka mwadala dongosolo kapena kuchepetsa ntchito pansi pa katundu wopepuka.
Kumvetsetsa momwe dongosolo limakwaniritsira zoyembekeza kumathandizira kusankha ngati mungasungire ndalama pakufulumizitsa dongosolo ndikupangitsa kuti lizifikika komanso lokhazikika. Kapenanso, ngati ntchito ikuyenda bwino kwambiri, antchito ena ayenera kuthera nthawi yawo pazinthu zina zofunika, monga kulipira ngongole zaukadaulo, kuwonjezera zina zatsopano, kapena kubweretsa zatsopano.
Mapangano pochita
Kupanga SLA kumafuna magulu abizinesi ndi azamalamulo kuti afotokoze zotsatira ndi zilango zophwanya. Udindo wa SRE ndikuwathandiza kumvetsetsa zovuta zomwe zingachitike pokwaniritsa ma SLO omwe ali mu SLA. Malingaliro ambiri opangira ma SLO amagwiranso ntchito ku ma SLA. Ndikwanzeru kukhala osamala pazomwe mumalonjeza ogwiritsa ntchito chifukwa mukakhala ndi zambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti musinthe kapena kuchotsa ma SLA omwe amawoneka osamveka kapena ovuta kukumana nawo.
Zikomo powerenga zomasulira mpaka kumapeto. Lembetsani ku njira yanga ya telegalamu yokhudza kuyang'anira ΠΈ .
Source: www.habr.com