Anthu omwe alephera kulankhula m'mawu awoawo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zamawu. Ukadaulo wamakono umapereka njira zambiri zothetsera vutoli: kuchokera ku kiyibodi yosavuta kupita ku zolemba pogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana ndi chiwonetsero chapadera. Komabe, njira zonse zomwe zilipo zimachedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngati munthu ali wovuta kwambiri, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti alembe. Ndizotheka kuti vutoli posachedwapa lidzathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a neural, omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa mawonekedwe apadera a maelekitirodi omwe amaikidwa mwachindunji paubongo, omwe amapereka kulondola kwakukulu powerenga ntchito yake, yomwe dongosolo lingathe kumasulira m'mawu. kuti tikhoza kumvetsa.
Ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya California ku San Francisco mu awo pa April 25, iwo anafotokoza mmene anathaŵira kulankhula za m’maganizo mwa munthu pogwiritsa ntchito implant. Akuti phokosolo linali losalondola m’malo ena, koma ziganizozo zinatha kupangidwanso mokwanira, ndipo koposa zonse, zimamvetsetsedwa ndi omvera akunja. Izi zinafunika zaka zambiri za kusanthula ndi kuyerekezera zizindikiro za ubongo zojambulidwa, ndipo luso lamakono silinakonzekere kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa labotale. Komabe, kufufuzako kunasonyeza kuti “pogwiritsa ntchito ubongo wokha, mukhoza kuzindikira ndi kutulutsa mawu,” akutero Gopala Anumanchipalli, wasayansi yaubongo ndi kulankhula.
Frank Guenther, katswiri wa sayansi ya ubongo pa yunivesite ya Boston anati: "Ndizovuta kufotokoza kufunikira kwa izi kwa anthu onsewa ... Ndizodzipatula modabwitsa komanso zowopsya kuti simungathe kuyankhulana ndi zosowa zanu ndikungoyanjana ndi anthu ammudzi."
Monga tanenera kale, zida zolankhulira zomwe zilipo kale zomwe zimadalira kulemba mawu pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi kapena zina ndizotopetsa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa mawu osapitilira 10 pamphindi. M'maphunziro oyambirira, asayansi anali atagwiritsa ntchito kale zizindikiro za muubongo kuti azindikire tizigawo tating'ono ta mawu, monga mavawelo kapena mawu amodzi, koma ndi mawu ochepa kwambiri kuposa ntchito yatsopanoyi.
Anumanchipalli, pamodzi ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya ubongo Edward Chang ndi bioengineer Josh Chartier, adaphunzira anthu asanu omwe anali ndi magidi a electrode omwe adayikidwa kwakanthawi muubongo wawo ngati gawo la chithandizo cha khunyu. Chifukwa chakuti anthuwa ankatha kuyankhula paokha, ochita kafukufukuwo adatha kulemba zochitika za muubongo pamene anthuwo ankalankhula ziganizo. Gululo linagwirizanitsa zizindikiro za ubongo zomwe zimayendetsa milomo, lilime, nsagwada ndi mphuno ndi kayendetsedwe kake ka mawu. Izi zinalola asayansi kupanga zida zapadera zamawu kwa munthu aliyense.
Kenako ofufuzawo anamasulira kusuntha kwa bokosi la mawu lomwe limakhala lomveka. Kugwiritsira ntchito njira imeneyi “kunawongolera kalankhulidwe ndi kupangitsa kukhala kwachibadwa,” akutero Chartier. Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya mawu omangidwanso anali omveka kwa omvera amene anafunsidwa kumasulira mawu ophatikizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mutu wina unayesa kunena kuti, “Pezani mphaka wa calico kuti atsekere makoswe,” womvetserayo anamva kuti, “Mphaka wa calico kuti akalulu asapite.” Zonsezi, zina zinkamveka bwino, monga "sh (sh)." Zina, monga "buh" ndi "puh", zinkamveka zofewa.
Ukatswiri umenewu umadalira kudziwa mmene munthu amagwiritsira ntchito mawu. Koma anthu ambiri sadzakhala ndi chidziwitso ichi ndi ntchito za ubongo, chifukwa iwo, makamaka, sangathe kulankhula chifukwa cha sitiroko ya ubongo, kuwonongeka kwa mawu, kapena matenda a Lou Gehrig (omwe Stephen Hawking anadwala).
"Chomwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri ndi momwe mumapangira makina osindikizira pamene mulibe chitsanzo cha mawu omwe adzamangidwe," akutero Mark Slutsky, katswiri wa sayansi ya ubongo ndi neuro-engineer ku Johns School of Medicine. Feinberg waku Northwestern University ku Chicago.
Komabe, m'mayesero ena, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti ma aligorivimu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumasulira mayendedwe amtundu wa mawu kukhala mawu anali ofanana mokwanira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kuti atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, mwina ngakhale omwe samatha kulankhula.
Koma pakali pano, kupanga mapu onse a ntchito ya zizindikiro za ubongo mogwirizana ndi ntchito ya zida za mawu akuwoneka ngati ntchito yovuta mokwanira kuti agwiritse ntchito kwa anthu omwe zida zawo zoyankhulirana sizinagwire ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali.
Source: 3dnews.ru