Kuchotsedwa kwa Eric Raymond pamndandanda wamakalata a OSI ndi zovuta zamalamulo pamalayisensi aboma

Eric S. Raymond, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa OSI (Open Source Initiative), yemwe anali pachiyambi cha gulu lotseguka, zanenedwakuti adakanidwa mwayi wopeza mndandanda wamakalata a OSI omwe adamupatsa anayesera kutero kutsutsa kukonzanso mfundo 5 ndi 6 Open Source mfundozokhudzana ndi kuletsa tsankho, komanso kudzudzula zoyesa kuchepetsa makhalidwe oipa pa mlingo wa zilolezo ndi kuika maganizo chikhalidwe chilungamo. Kale miyezi ingapo mu OSI akupitirira kukambiranazokhudzana ndi kuyesa kuyambitsa chilolezo CAL (Cryptographic Autonomy License) ndi amodzi mwa ziphaso zotseguka zovomerezedwa ndi OSI. Mu Januwale
chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa CAL kuchokera ku OSI wapita Bruce Perens, yemwe pamodzi ndi Eric Raymond adapanga tanthauzo la Open Source ndikupanga bungwe la OSI.

Malinga ndi a Raymond, bungwe la OSI lafika pamlingo wofanana ndi wachitatu lamulo la ndale, wonena za mlembiyo Robert Conquest "Makhalidwe a bungwe lililonse labungwe amamveka bwino poganiza kuti amayendetsedwa ndi chiwembu chachinsinsi cha adani ake." Raymond adachotsedwa pamndandanda wamakalata chifukwa cholimbikira kwambiri analankhula motsutsana ndi kutanthauzira kosiyana kwa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zoletsa mu laisensi kuphwanya ufulu wa magulu ena ndi tsankho pakugwiritsa ntchito.

Malinga ndi Raymond, pakali pano kuyesa kutanthauziranso maziko azikhalidwe zamapulogalamu otseguka. M'malo mwa mfundo za meritocracy ndi njira ya "ndiwonetseni kachidindo", njira yatsopano yamakhalidwe ikukhazikitsidwa, malinga ndi zomwe palibe amene ayenera kumva kukhala womasuka. Zotsatira za zochita zotere ndikuchepetsa kutchuka ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchitoyo ndikulemba malamulowo, mokomera alonda odziyika okha amakhalidwe abwino (wapolisi, yang’anani kwambiri mmene mfundo zimakambitsirana m’malo mongoganizira zomwezo).

Ntchito yotereyi, ngakhale itachitidwa ndi zolinga zabwino, imasokoneza njira zodziwongolera m'deralo ndipo imatha kusandulika kukhala kuyang'anira malingaliro ena. "Makhalidwe abwino," opangidwa kuti athe kuwongolera zochitika za anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali ngakhale osakhudzana ndi polojekiti, zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala chida chopondereza malingaliro ena ndi malingaliro ena.

Ponena za zoletsa zamalamulo pamalamulo komanso malingaliro osiyanasiyana pamfundo 5 ndi 6 ya tanthauzo la chilolezo chotseguka, posachedwa mapulojekiti ochulukirachulukira awonetsa kusakhutira ndi mfundo yakuti opereka mtambo amapanga zinthu zamalonda zomwe zimachokera ku malonda ndipo akugwira nawo ntchito yogulitsanso zotseguka komanso DBMS mu mawonekedwe a mautumiki amtambo, koma musatenge nawo mbali pa moyo wa anthu ammudzi ndipo musathandize pa chitukuko. Zotsatira zake ndikuyambitsa zilolezo zomwe zimaletsa kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zilolezo zofanana zalandiridwa m'zaka zaposachedwa m'ma projekiti monga Elasticsearch, Redis, MongoDB, Nthawi и ChiphuphuDB.

Layisensi ikhoza kukhala chitsanzo CAL (Cryptographic Autonomy License), yomwe ili pafupi kuonedwa kuti ndi yotseguka ndi bungwe la OSI. Layisensi iyi imabweretsa ziletso zatsopano chifukwa chofuna kuletsa makampani kuwongolera zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito komanso kukakamiza opanga mapulogalamu kuti asunge makiyi obisa pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito. Zofunikira zomwe zadziwika zitha kuonedwa ngati tsankho kwa opanga mapulogalamu omwe amasunga makiyi pa seva yapakati.

Chonde kumbukirani kuti CAL zimagwira ku gulu la ziphaso za copyleft ndi otukuka mwa dongosolo la polojekiti Holochain makamaka pofuna chitetezo chowonjezera cha deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito muzinthu zogawidwa za P2P. Holochain ikupanga nsanja yochokera ku hashchain yomanga mapulogalamu omwe amafalitsidwa motsimikizika mwachinsinsi ndipo, ndi chilolezo chatsopano, akuyesera kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito iliyonse yochokera ku Holochain ndi yodalirika komanso yodziyimira payokha. Kuphatikiza pa kufunikira kuti ntchito zonse zotengedwa zigawidwe m'mawu omwewo, chilolezocho chimapereka ntchito kwa anthu pokhapokha posunga chinsinsi komanso kudziyimira pawokha kwa makiyi achinsinsi achinsinsi a wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense.

CAL ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi zilolezo zina, chifukwa sichimangokhudza ma code, komanso deta yomwe ikukonzedwa. Pansi pa CAL, ngati chinsinsi cha wogwiritsa ntchito chisokonezedwa (mwachitsanzo, makiyi amasungidwa pa seva yapakati), ndiye kuti umwini wa data waphwanyidwa ndikuwongolera makope awo a pulogalamuyo kutayika. M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe a layisensi awa amalola kuwongolera kofunikira kokha kumbali ya wogwiritsa ntchito, osawasunga pamaseva apakati. Mwachitsanzo, chilolezo cha CAL sichingalole kuti kampani ipange macheza ake a P2P pogwiritsa ntchito Holochain, momwe makiyi ogwira ntchito amaikidwa pa malo osungirako omwe amalamulidwa ndi kampani, zomwe sizimapatula mwayi wowerenga makalata.

Dziwani: Panopa openource.org, tsamba la OSI (Open Source Initiative), lomwe limayang'ana ziphaso kuti zitsatire ndondomeko ya Open Source, silikupezeka ku Russian Federation chifukwa cha kutseka Roskomnadzor (IP 159.65.34.8 ikuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wakale wotsekera wa mautumiki amtambo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Telegraph). Pachifukwa chofanana chotsekereza okhudzidwa 68 zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha gwero lotseguka, kuphatikizapo blogs.apache.org, git.openwrt.org, mozilla.cloudflare-dns.com, bugs.php.net, bugs.python.org, ndi zina zotero.

Source: opennet.ru