Codec idatulutsidwa mu 2018 idathandizidwa ndi osewera akuluakulu pamsika wotsatsa. Otsatsa zida za Hardware atsimikizira kuthandizira kodeki yatsopano, ndipo ma endpoints okhala ndi AV1 hardware decoding ayenera kupezeka pakutha kwa chaka. Potengera izi, ma patent trolls okhala ndi zofuna zandalama adayamba kugwira ntchito.
Video codec gwero lotseguka lapangidwa kuyambira 2015 ndi mainjiniya ochokera kumakampani angapo, kuphatikiza Amazon, BBC, Netflix, Hulu ndi ena, omwe adapanga Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia). Ukadaulo watsopano umapangidwira makamaka kutsitsa makanema pazosankha zapamwamba kwambiri (4K ndi kupitilira apo), zokhala ndi utoto wokulirapo komanso matekinoloje osiyanasiyana a HDR. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu za codec, AOMedia ikunena compression aligorivimu poyerekeza ndi njira zomwe zilipo, zodziwikiratu za hardware computing zofunika, ndi kusinthasintha pazipita ndi scalability.
Makampani awa omwe ali ndi ntchito zawo zotsatsira amafunikira ma codec ogwira mtima ngati mpweya. Choyamba, AV1 imachepetsa zofunikira za bandwidth yolumikizana ndi intaneti pamlingo wa data center (DPC) komanso pamlingo wa opereka ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto. Kachiwiri, Amazon Studios amagwiritsa ntchito filimu ya 65mm ndi makamera a IMAX MSM 9802 (omwe ndi ovuta kubwereka) ndi RED Monstro pafilimuyi Aeronafta () ikuwonetsa kuti kampaniyo ikukonzekera nyengo ya post-4K, pomwe ma codec apano sangawoneke ngati ogwira ntchito.
Ponena za ma decoder a mapulogalamu, ali pano makampani osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza Cisco, Google, Netflix, Microsoft ndi Mozilla. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusindikiza mapulogalamu, monga lamulo, nthawi zonse kumatanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuwona chithandizo cha decoding ya hardware.
Chips & Media anali m'modzi mwa oyamba kukhazikitsa chotsitsa cha AV1 mu Okutobala chaka chatha. Video purosesa ndi chidziwitso chanzeru (chopangidwa pamlingo wa RTL) chomwe chitha kuphatikizidwa mu system-on-chip (SoC) pogwiritsa ntchito mabasi amkati a ARM AMBA 3 APB ndi ARM AMBA3 AXI. Decoder iyi imathandizira AV1 codec level 5.1, bitrate yopitilira 50 Mbps, kuya kwa mitundu 8 kapena 10 bits, ndi 4:2:0 mtundu wa subsampling. Masinthidwe a Wave 510A's single-core 450MHz angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikiritsa mitsinje ya 4K pa 60Hz (4Kp60) pomwe masinthidwe apawiri-core angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikiritsa mitsinje ya 4Kp120 kapena 8Kp60.
Kuphatikiza pa Chips & Media, makampani ena angapo amapereka ma processor amakanema omwe ali ndi chilolezo ndi chithandizo cha AV1. Mwachitsanzo, Imathandizira AV1 ndi mitundu ina yotchuka kuphatikiza H.264, H.265 (HEVC), VP9 ndi JPEG. Amathandiziranso 4:2:0 ndi 4:2:2 chroma subsampling pakugwiritsa ntchito ogula ndi akatswiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Allegro akunena kuti zothetsera izi zapatsidwa chilolezo ndi ogulitsa zipangizo zamtundu woyamba ndipo zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapeto omwe adzatulutsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka.
Kuphatikiza pa okonza mavidiyo omwe ali ndi zilolezo, ambiri opanga adalengeza makina okonzeka-on-chip ndi chithandizo cha AV1 cha ma TV, mabokosi apamwamba, osewera ndi zipangizo zina zofanana. Amlogic amaonekera pakati pa ena kuthandizira kusamvana mpaka 8Kp60, Broadcom ndi chithandizo cha 4Kp60, Realtek (4kp60) ndi (8Kp60). Kuphatikiza apo, LG ya m'badwo wachitatu Ξ±9 SoCs, yomwe imathandizira ma TV a kampani 8 2020K, imathandizanso AV1. Kuphatikiza apo, MediaTek yalengeza za Dimensity 1000 mobile system-on-chip yokhala ndi AV1 hardware decoder.
Monga mukuwonera, kuthandizira pakuwongolera ma hardware a mitsinje ya AV1 kuchokera kwa opanga ma processor amakanema ovomerezeka ndi tchipisi akadali ochepa kwambiri. Komabe, pothandizidwa ndi codec yatsopano kuchokera kumakampani angapo aukadaulo (Apple, Amazon, AMD, ARM, Broadcom, Facebook, Google, Hulu, Intel, IBM, Microsoft, Netflix, NVIDIA, Realtek, Sigma ndi ena ambiri), ndizoyenera kuyembekezera thandizo la hardware la AV1 m'zaka zikubwerazi.
M'mbuyomu, kanema wa AV1 codec safuna kulipira chindapusa chogwiritsa ntchito ma patent ena omwe ali ndi mamembala a Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia). Ngakhale njira yophatikizira patent mu AV1 imafuna malingaliro a akatswiri awiri kuti sikuphwanya ufulu wa aliyense, nthawi zonse pamakhala ma patent trolls omwe ufulu wawo umaphwanyidwa ndi aliyense.
Chifukwa chake, kampani ya Luxembourg Sisvel yasonkhanitsa dziwe la ma patent a 3000 kuchokera kumakampani ambiri omwe amafotokoza ukadaulo wofanana ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu AV1 ndi VP9. Kuyambira March chaka chino, Sisvel amene akufuna kupereka ziphaso zovomerezekazi kwa β¬ 0,32 pa chipangizo chokhala ndi zowonetsera (TV, foni yamakono, PC ndi zina) ndi β¬ 0,11 pa chipangizo chopanda chiwonetsero (chip, player, motherboard ndi zina). Ngakhale Sisvel sakonzekera kulipira chindapusa chazomwe zili, zikuwoneka kuti mapulogalamu amatengedwa kuti ndi ofanana ndi hardware, kutanthauza kuti opanga mapulogalamu ayenera kulipira kampaniyo.
Ngakhale Sisvel sanayambebe kuweruza milandu ndi omwe amapanga hardware ndi mapulogalamu (ndipo sangayambe mpaka teknoloji ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri), zikuwonekeratu kuti zolinga zoterezi zilipo. Komabe, AOMedia tetezani omwe atenga nawo gawo mu chilengedwe cha AV1, ngakhale sichifotokoza momwe.
Opanga a AV1 akuyembekeza kuti izikhala paliponse pamapulatifomu onse, chifukwa chake yembekezerani kuti izithandizidwa osati ndi opanga ma chip akuluakulu, opanga mapulogalamu ndi opereka chithandizo, komanso ndi otsogola opanga zida zamagetsi.
Komabe, sizinthu zonse zomwe zili zabwino kwa AV1. Choyamba, popeza osewera ambiri, ma TV ndi mabokosi apamwamba samagwirizana ndi codec iyi, kusintha kwa makampani onse kudzakhala pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti nthawi ya post-8K, opanga akukonzekera AV2 codec. Kachiwiri, zofuna za ma patent troll zimachepetsa chidwi chaukadaulo pakati pamakampani ena.
Source: 3dnews.ru