Monga momwe buku la ku Japan linanenera Nikkei Asian ReviewMu 2022, kampani imodzi yokha yaku China inali pakati pa ogulitsa zida zopanga ma chips akuluakulu makumi awiri ndi awiri (20) omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri, koma tsopano, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu kuchokera kunja, pali zitatu mwa izo, ndipo imodzi mwa izo ili pamalo achisanu padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi gwero, izi zikuimira Chinese Naura Technology Group, yomwe ndalama zake zidakwera ndi 21% chaka chatha. Poganizira kupita patsogolo kwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi, izi zidalola Naura kukwera kuchokera pa nambala 8 mpaka 5 mu nthawi ya 2022-2025. Ili kumbuyo kwa makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi monga ASML (Netherlands), Applied Materials (USA), Lam Research (USA), ndi Tokyo Electron (Japan). Yokhazikitsidwa mu 2001, Naura imapereka zida zoyika mankhwala pa ma silicon wafers ndi kuwapaka popanga zigawo za semiconductor.
Kampani ya AMEC ya ku China ili pa nambala 13 pakati pa ogulitsa zida zazikulu kwambiri zopangira ma chip. Imagwira ntchito kwambiri pa zida zopangira ma silicon wafer, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kale popanga ma chip a 5-nm. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi munthu amene kale ankagwira ntchito ku Lam Research and Applied Materials ku US. Ili ndi malo ku South Korea ndi Taiwan.
Pomaliza pa makumi awiri apamwamba pali Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment (SMEE), yomwe imapanga ma scanner a lithographic, gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma chip. Ngakhale kuti zida zake ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi za kampani yaku Dutch ASML, zikufunika kwambiri ku China chifukwa cha zoletsa zotumiza kunja ku ASML. Ngati tikulitsa mndandanda ndi ena khumi omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika wapadziko lonse, uphatikizanso makampani ena awiri aku China: ACM Research ndi Hwatsing Technology.
Kawirikawiri anthu amavomereza kuti opanga zida zotere aku China amapindula ndi zomwe boma la China likuchita kuti asinthe zinthu kuchokera kumayiko ena, chifukwa ntchito zawo zimathandizidwa kwambiri. Ngakhale zaka zitatu zapitazo, China idapanga 10% yokha ya zida zake zopangira ma chip mdziko muno, gawoli tsopano likuchokera pa 20% mpaka 30%. Njira yopangira ma semiconductor imakhudza magawo osiyanasiyana opitilira 1000, iliyonse ikufuna zida zake. Opanga aku China tsopano akutha kupereka pafupifupi magawo onsewa ndi zida zochokera kwanuko. Chaka chatha, ndalama zomwe zimapezedwa kuchokera ku malonda a zida zotere ku China zidakwera ndi 35% kufika pa $49,5 biliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa dzikolo kukhala msika waukulu kwambiri. Makampani am'deralo akadali kuvutika kupanga zida zamakono za lithography. Malinga ndi oimira ASML, kuchedwa kwawo kumayesedwa m'zaka.
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Source: 3dnews.ru
