Khalani ndi moyo ndi kuphunzira. Gawo 1. Chitsogozo cha sukulu ndi ntchito

Ndili ndi mnzanga wochokera ku Grenoble, mwana wa osamukira ku Russia - atamaliza sukulu (collège +lycée) adasamukira ku Bordeaux ndipo adapeza ntchito padoko, patatha chaka adasamukira ku shopu yamaluwa ngati katswiri wa SMM, patatha chaka adamaliza maphunziro afupiafupi ndipo adakhala ngati wothandizira wa manejala. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za ntchito, ali ndi zaka 23, anapita ku ofesi yoimira SAP ku malo otsika, adalandira maphunziro a yunivesite ndipo tsopano wakhala injiniya wamakampani. Atafunsidwa ngati kunali koopsa kupanga "mpata" wotero mu maphunziro, iye anayankha kuti zinali zowopsya kuchoka ku yunivesite pa 22 ndipo osadziwa kuti ndiwe ndani komanso zomwe ukufuna. Kumveka bwino? Kawirikawiri, ngati ndinu kholo kapena wachibale wa mwana wasukulu kapena wophunzira yekha, mphaka. Komabe, kwa wina aliyense ndi chifukwa chabwino cha mphuno.

Mawu Oyamba - Kodi nkhaniyi yachokera kuti?

Nkhani zamwazikana za maphunziro, kufunikira kwa dipuloma, sukulu yomaliza maphunziro ndi zina zamaphunziro zawonekera mobwerezabwereza pa Habr - sizopanda pake kuti pali magawo okhudzana ndi maphunziro, ntchito, maphunziro akunja, ndi zina zambiri. Mutuwu ndi wovuta kwambiri, makamaka pankhani ya msika wantchito womwe wasintha kwambiri komanso zofuna za akatswiri. Tinaganiza zofotokozera mwachidule zomwe takumana nazo, tinapempha thandizo kwa katswiri yemwe adapereka zaka 8 ku maphunziro a anthu, zaka 25 kwa iyemwini, kuphatikizapo sukulu :) ndi zaka 10 kumunda wa IT. Takonza zolemba za 5 zomwe zidzasindikizidwa pa blog yathu.

Kuzungulira “Khalani ndi Phunzirani”

Gawo 1. Chitsogozo cha sukulu ndi ntchito
Gawo 2. Yunivesite
Gawo 3. Maphunziro owonjezera
Gawo 4. Maphunziro a kuntchito
Gawo 5. Kudziphunzitsa

Gawani zomwe mwakumana nazo m'mawuwo - mwina, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za gulu la RUVDS ndi owerenga a Habr, Seputembara woyamba wa wina adzakhala wozindikira, wolondola komanso wobala zipatso. 

Sukulu: nyimbo yakale yokhudza chinthu chachikulu

Magulu

Pafupifupi m'dziko lonselo, sukulu ndi chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri pamaphunziro, makamaka masiku ano. Mayiko osiyanasiyana adadutsamo: 

1. aphunzitsi a mapangidwe akale, pa msinkhu wapamwamba kwambiri, kwa mbali zambiri osakonzeka kuvomereza zenizeni zatsopano ndi mitundu ya maphunziro, osakonzeka kumvetsera ophunzira; 
2. Aphunzitsi achichepere komanso osayanjanitsika azaka za m'ma 90, pomwe, kupatulapo kawirikawiri, adapita kusukulu yophunzitsa chifukwa chakukhumudwa komanso kulephera kulowa yunivesite ina (chifukwa cha maphunziro kapena kusowa kwa ndalama);
3. makolo omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 70s mpaka 90s, ndiko kuti, kuchokera kwa anthu a moyo wa USSR kupita kwa oimira openga a otchedwa "m'badwo wotayika";
4. ana 15-17 zaka (ife makamaka kulankhula za iwo) ndi ana a m'badwo digito, yodzichitira ndi makompyuta, introverted ndi pafupifupi, ndi maganizo awo ndi gulu lapadera la psyche ndi kukumbukira. 

Magulu onse a 4 amamenyana pakati pawo ndi magulu otsutsana ndi magulu ena; mkati mwa gulu loterolo pali kusamvana kwakukulu ndi dzanja losawoneka la mphunzitsi wamkulu ndi wovomerezeka - intaneti. Ndipo kodi ukudziwa zomwe ndikuuze? Izi ndi zabwino kwambiri, zimangofunika njira yapadera. Ndipo ndidzanenanso kuti mkangano wa mibadwo ndi wamuyaya, monga ulesi wa ana asukulu, mawonekedwe okhawo amasintha. 

Kodi ana asukulu amakumana ndi mavuto otani?

• Chidziwitso chimalekeredwa kwathunthu ku machitidwe. Maphunziro a sukulu sapereka chidziwitso mogwirizana ndi machitidwe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mutha kukumana ndi mafunso okhudza ngati wopanga mapulogalamu amafunikira masamu kapena chilankhulo cha pulogalamu chomwe angasankhe kuti alambalale masamu. Mukakhala mu algebra yomweyo munthu amatha kukhudza vuto la maukonde a neural, kuphunzira makina, chitukuko chamasewera (ganizirani momwe zimakhalira bwino kudziwa kuti ngwazi zomwe mumakonda pamasewera akuyenda molingana ndi malamulo a sayansi, ndipo njira iliyonse imafotokozedwa. ndi masamu masamu). Kuphatikiza chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe mkati mwa phunziro kungapangitse chidwi cha ophunzira, kuthetsa kunyong'onyeka m'kalasi, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kungathandize pakuwongolera ntchito ya pulayimale (yomwe imapezeka m'magiredi 6-9). Nthawi yomweyo, sikofunikira kufuna zinthu zakuthupi zamtengo wapatali; chikhumbo, bolodi ndi choko / chikhomo ndizokwanira.
• Mlingo weniweni wa chidziwitso sichimayenderana ndi kuwunika mu diaries ndi satifiketi. Vuto losatha la kuponderezana, mphotho ndi kukwezedwa ndi magiredi, ndi mpikisano zimatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti ana asukulu akuthamangitsa chiwerengero chomwe amasilira, ndipo makolo ndi aphunzitsi amalimbikitsa mpikisanowu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti m'chaka choyamba cha yunivesite, ophunzira abwino kwambiri amagwera m'makalasi a C m'masamu apamwamba, pamene ophunzira a C amakhalabe ndi 4 amphamvu - amamvetsetsa phunzirolo, osati gawo loloweza pamtima lomwe linatuluka mwamsanga pambuyo pa Unified. Mayeso a State. 
• Kupeza zambiri zaulere, kwenikweni, vuto lalikulu. Palibe chifukwa chokumbukira, kusaka, kusanthula - ingotsegulani Wikipedia kapena Google ndipo ndizomwezo, zambiri zili patsogolo panu. Izi ndizoipa chifukwa ntchito yokumbukira imachepa ndipo maziko olondola a maphunziro sanapangidwe. Maziko omwewo amene amakuphunzitsani kuzindikira vuto, pezani puzzles yomwe ikusowa ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito buku kapena intaneti. Mwachidule, pokhala ndi Googling nthawi zonse, wophunzira samaphunzira kumvetsetsa zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi Google. Pakadali pano, ndiye maziko oyambira maphunziro omwe amapanga maziko a ntchito yamtsogolo ndipo amakhala ngati nsanja ya luso losanthula ndi kaphatikizidwe.
• Chidziwitso chosafunika kusukulu Pali. Mwinanso, mphunzitsi amene akuwerenga izi tsopano akufuna kupeza ndi kukhadzula wolembayo, koma sukuluyo ikazizira kwambiri, ndikhululukireni, zopanda pake zomwe zadzaza ndi maphunziro. Kuchokera pamasewera omwe ndakumana nawo: zaka 4 za Chilatini, zaka 7 za mabuku akunja (ndi mozama), zaka 4 (!) Sayansi ya Moyo, zaka 2 za filosofi, komanso mabuku osiyanasiyana, Greek, chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe cha thupi. , mbiri ya masamu, ndi zina zotero. Zachidziwikire, erudition wamba, mpikisano wamasukulu mu "What? Kuti? Liti?”, Kutha kukambirana ndi zamtengo wapatali komanso zokondweretsa komanso zothandiza, koma m'mabuku oterowo, maola ophunzirira amachotsa ubongo wa wophunzira ku maphunziro apamwamba komanso mbali yofunika kwambiri ya maphunziro onse (ingoyang'anani zamakono kalembedwe, ndipo ngakhale pa Habré yemweyo!) . Pali njira yotulukira: pangani maphunziro otere kukhala osasankha komanso opanda magiredi.
• Mayendedwe ovuta a maphunziro - funso lomwe lakhalapo kuyambira chiyambi cha kukhalapo kwa masukulu ndi yankho lomwe ndi lovuta kwambiri kulipeza. M’kalasi lomwelo, ngakhale “amphamvu” kapena “ofooka,” ophunzira ali ndi milingo yosiyana ya kudziŵa bwino zinthu, kuthetsa mavuto, ndi liwiro losiyana la “kumanga.” Ndipo pamapeto pake, muyenera kupita kufananiza ndikutaya omwe angakhale amphamvu, kapena kunyalanyaza ofooka ndikuwapangitsa kukhala ofooka. Ndinali ndi wophunzira yemwe amathetsa mavuto mu masamu masamu mwangwiro, koma anachita pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa ... anayang'ana njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutolo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ndinatha kuthetsa mavuto atatu mwa asanu. Kodi mumamulamula kuti ayike chiyani? Chinthu chomwecho. Pakalipano, mungapeze ntchito yaying'ono yozungulira: perekani ntchito zamphamvu kuti athetsere paokha, apatseni ufulu wolangiza ndi kuphunzitsa anzawo a m'kalasi moyang'aniridwa ndi mphunzitsi - izi zimawonjezera udindo, zimachepetsa mantha a zolakwa ndi kulola ana asukulu kuti azigwira ntchito mwakhama. wonetsani zoyambira zamagulu. 
• Vuto la Socialization - vuto lopweteka komanso lalikulu lomwe limakokera ena khumi ndi awiri. Malo olankhulirana, kuyanjana kwamasewera, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi amithenga apompopompo amachotsa ana (inde, ndi ana osakwana zaka 18, ana, ndipo pambuyo pake, tsoka, ana) luso lolankhulana komanso kucheza ndi anthu. Palibe luso lotha kuthetsa mavuto, palibe mgwirizano, palibe maubwenzi pakati pa gulu la anthu, palibe - malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kukambirana kosavuta. Ndipo apa ntchito ya sukulu ndikuwonetsa momwe dongosolo la "munthu-ndi-munthu" likuwonekera: konzekerani masewera a timu, konzekerani mauthenga.

Kodi kusankha ntchito?

Mpaka pano, m'masukulu ambiri ku Russia (zili bwino ku Moscow), chitsogozo cha ntchito kwa ana asukulu chimatsikira ku nkhani za ntchito yawo yamtsogolo komanso osati mayeso okwanira owongolera ntchito, omwe ena amafika mpaka kutsimikiza kwa ntchito yawo yamtsogolo. luso la wophunzira pa gawo linalake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zapaderazi monga bioinformatics, zachipatala Informatics, etc. sizikukambidwa. - ndiko kuti, madera otchuka komanso odalirika kwa anyamata osunthika komanso apamwamba. Ana asukulu okha amakhalabe, choyamba, ana, okondana ndi olota. Lero akufuna kuchitira anthu kapena kutumikira mu Utumiki wa Zochitika Zadzidzidzi, mawa kukhala wamalonda, ndipo mu sabata - wolemba mapulogalamu kapena injiniya yemwe amamanga magalimoto amtsogolo. Ndipo ndikofunikira kumvetsera, kulingalira za zifukwa za chisankho - chithumwa cha Dr. House, chikoka cha Elon Musk, kapena kusowa kwenikweni ndi kuyitana kwa mnyamatayo. 

Kodi mungayese bwanji ntchito?

Zoyembekeza - Ichi mwina ndiye metric yovuta kwambiri. Zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikulonjeza pakali pano, musanamalize sukulu ndi yunivesite, zikhoza kukhala malo otentha kwambiri (moni kwa azamalamulo ndi azachuma omwe adalowa mu 2000-2002!) Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupangitsa mwana wanu kumvetsetsa ndikuzindikira kuti payenera kukhala maziko omwe mungasinthe mobwerezabwereza luso lanu. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wa mapulogalamu omwe amalankhula C / C ++ akhoza kusuntha mosavuta kudziko la chitukuko cha neural network, chitukuko cha mafakitale, sayansi, ndi zina zotero, koma wolemba (wogwiritsa ntchito sayansi ya makompyuta) akhoza kudzipeza ali kunja kwa thumba lomwe ali nalo m'zaka zisanu. anaphunzira. Apanso, katswiri wazachuma yemwe ali ndi luso la "Financial Management" ndiwodalirika kwambiri pamayendedwe opingasa kuposa "Banking" kapena "Real Estate Valuation". Kuti muwone ziyembekezo, phunzirani mndandanda wa ntchito zamtsogolo, yang'anani kuwerengera kwa zilankhulo zamapulogalamu (ngati tikulankhula za IT), werengani zofalitsa zapadera (mwachitsanzo, zaka 15-17 zapitazo m'mabuku azachipatala, gulu lasayansi. adakambirana mwachangu za opaleshoni yamaso, maloboti azachipatala, kusintha kwa laparoscopic, ndipo lero izi ndizochitika tsiku ndi tsiku). Njira ina ndikuwona zomwe zidatsegulidwa m'mayunivesite zaka 2-3 zapitazi; monga lamulo, iyi ndiye pamwamba yomwe mutha kulowamo. 

Zokolola zenizeni ndi metric yosavuta. Tsegulani "My Circle" kapena "Headhunter", yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mumapeza pazapadera zanu (nthawi zina ma analytics okonzekera amapezekanso). Kuwerengera kwa malipiro mubizinesi kumachitika mpaka 10% pachaka, m'magulu aboma mpaka pafupifupi 5% pachaka. N'zosavuta kuwerengera, koma musaiwale kuti m'zaka za N padzakhala kusintha kwa kuya kwa kufunikira, kusintha kwa malo a dera, ndi zina zotero. 

Kuthamanga kwa chitukuko cha ntchito ndi kukula dera lililonse lili ndi zake. Komanso, sizipezeka paliponse ndipo siziyenera kukhala zachikondi: nthawi zina ndi bwino kusuntha mozungulira, phunzirani luso latsopano ndikugwira ntchito osati kulowa m'buku la ntchito, koma pamlingo weniweni wa ndalama (zomwe zimakhala zovuta, koma zambiri. pa izo mu mndandanda wotsatira). Chinthu chachikulu ndikuwuza wophunzirayo kuti sadzakhala bwana nthawi yomweyo, ayenera kugwira ntchito, ndipo katswiri weniweni nthawi zina ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa bwana wake. 

Kukula kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kusintha kwa akatswiri - kupitiliza kofunikira kwa metric yam'mbuyomu. Katswiri amaphunzira mosalekeza, mpaka tsiku lomaliza kuntchito (ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale pambuyo pake). Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa zomwe wophunzirayo akufuna kuti aphunzire komanso zofunikira za ntchito yomwe akufuna (mwachitsanzo, mnyamata amalota kukhala dokotala, ali ndi A mu chemistry ndi biology, koma ndi waulesi kuphunzira - ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ndi chitukuko cha akatswiri m'tsogolomu.), koma musati mupachikidwa pa izo: nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa koleji munthu wamkulu amaphunzira mosangalala ndikupitiriza maphunziro ake, koma kusukulu sikunali ulesi, koma kudana ndi mbiri yolemetsa ndi malo otopetsa.

Zoyenera kuganizira?

Posankha ntchito, muyenera kuthandiza mwana wanu, koma osamusankha (ndikutsimikizirani kuti simudzalandira "zikomo"). Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye chilichonse, ndipo, mwina, ngakhale kuyang'ana wokondedwa wanu pang'ono kuchokera kunja, mosamalitsa komanso molunjika (kulankhula, kutha kupotoza matako anu ku Lambada sikunafike kalasi B. mu kuvina kwa ballroom, ziribe kanthu momwe mungafune). 

• Zizoloŵezi zambiri za ana - ichi ndiye maziko a chitsogozo cha ntchito zomwe takambirana pamwambapa: "munthu", "chilengedwe", "makina", "zidziwitso". Palibe anthu omwe alibe zokonda komanso zolakalaka za tsogolo lawo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ndi njira iti yomwe imagwira ntchito. Ngakhale a generalists ali ndi masinthidwe ena mbali imodzi kapena imzake. Samalirani zomwe wophunzirayo akunena, ndi maphunziro ati omwe ndi osavuta kwa iye komanso chifukwa chake, zomwe amayang'ana pazokambirana, kaya ali ndi malingaliro a algorithmic, momwe malingaliro ake kapena malingaliro ake alili. Komanso, kuyang'ana koteroko kwa machitidwe osasamala ndi olondola kwambiri kuposa mayesero, chifukwa wophunzira wazaka 13-17 akhoza kulingalira mosavuta momwe angayankhire kuti apeze zotsatira zomwe ankafuna panthawiyo ndikunyenga dongosolo ndi akuluakulu :)
• Zofuna za ophunzira ayenera kuganiziridwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa, mwinanso kuloledwa "kugonjetsa" maloto ake a ntchito - motere adzasankha mofulumira. Osamulepheretsa kusankha kwake, osawonetsa ntchito yake molakwika ("Opanga mapulogalamu onse ndi amisala", "msungwana alibe malo mu dipatimenti yamagalimoto", "ha ha, psychology, ndiwe misala wekha, kodi umathandizira osudzulana kapena china chake", "woyendetsa taxi? Inde, adzakuphani" - kutengera zochitika zenizeni). Ngati n'kotheka, lolani mwana wanu kuti ayese luso lake, kapena gawo lake: konzani ntchito yanthawi yochepa m'chilimwe, funsani chithandizo chokhudzana ndi ntchitoyi, funsani anzanu kuti akulembeni kwa masiku angapo. Ngati pali mwayi wotero, umagwira ntchito mopanda cholakwika: mwina kuzizira ndi kukhumudwa kumakhalapo, kapena kusangalatsa ndi kutsimikizira zolinga zamtsogolo.
• Mbali za banja Sitingathe kusiya zigawo zathu zovuta: ngati banja lonse ndi injiniya wa zomangamanga ndipo mwana wamkazi amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa magalasi a konkire kuyambira ali mwana, amadziwa makulidwe a kulimbikitsa, amasiyanitsa mitundu ya zomangamanga, ndipo ali ndi zaka 7 akhoza fotokozani momwe kutentha kumagwirira ntchito ... izi sizikutanthauza kuti wogwira ntchito yomangayo akumuyembekezera, ayi, koma musayembekezere kukondana ndi Akhmatova ndi ntchito zoyambirira za Petrarch, izi siziri malo ake. Ngakhale pali zosiyana. Komabe, kukondera sikuyenera kukakamiza wophunzira, kumukakamiza kukhala winawake, chifukwa makolo ake ndi otero. Inde, phindu lanu ndi lodziwikiratu: ndikosavuta kuphunzitsa, kuthandizira, kupeza ntchito, ndi zina. Koma phindu ndi lanu, ndipo moyo ndi wa mwana wanu, ndipo mwina kusankha kwa mafumu sikumuyenerera pazifukwa zina.

Zimachitika kuti makolo otsimikiza kuti mwana sakufuna chilichonse, alibe zokhumba ndi zokonda, samayesetsa kusankha yunivesite, saganizira za m'tsogolo. M'malo mwake, sizichitika choncho, nthawi zonse pamakhala china chake chomwe mumakonda - ndipo ndizomwe muyenera kumangirirapo. Ngati mukuganiza kuti pali zovuta zenizeni, lankhulani ndi aphunzitsi, mverani malangizo awo, funsani katswiri wa zamaganizo omwe amapereka malangizo kwa achinyamata (pali amalonda abwino kwambiri - zambiri za iwo pansipa). Mwana wamkazi wa mnzanga wa m’kalasi ali ndi zaka 15, mwana wamng’ono kwambiri, amayi ake ndi mkazi wapakhomo wopanda maphunziro ndipo amayang’ana mwana wawo wamkazi ngati kuti “sakufuna kalikonse.” Mtsikanayo anapatsa khofi wokoma wophikidwa kunyumba, napinda zopukutira bwino, ndikupereka keke ya Anthill, yomwe adadzipangira yekha. - Katya, simukuganiza kuti adziyese ngati wophika makeke kapena kugwira ntchito ku cafe? "Hei, iye si wokonda kutumikira aliyense, ndimukakamiza kuti akhale accountant." Katani.

Kodi wophunzira ayenera kudziwa chiyani za ntchitoyi?

Pamene ndinu wophunzira, nthawi zonse mumayesetsa kubisa zolinga zenizeni za khalidwe lanu kapena zosankha zanu, kuti musawoneke ngati wachinyamata kapena woyendetsedwa. Choncho, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa makolo kudziwa kumene chilakolako cha ntchito inayake chinachokera, makamaka ngati mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo simuyenera kuchita izi, ndi bwino kufotokoza malamulo ena amasewera.

• Ntchito iliyonse imaphatikizapo gawo lachizoloŵezi (mpaka 100% ya ntchito zonse) - wophunzira ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti, pamodzi ndi zikhumbo zina zomwe akufuna kapena zowoneka, adzalandira ntchito zambiri zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse, zomwe zingapangitse ntchito zambiri. : wopanga mapulogalamu samalemba mapulogalamu onse (ngati sali mwini bizinesi kapena wodzipangira yekha), koma amagwira ntchito pagawo lake la code; dokotala amayenera kudzaza phiri la mapepala, ngakhale ali ambulansi kapena dokotala wa opaleshoni; Woyenda mumlengalenga amaphunzitsa kwa nthawi yayitali, amaphunzira kwambiri, ndipo mumlengalenga amafunika kumaliza ntchito zambiri, ndi zina zambiri. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti palibe ntchito popanda izi; simuyenera kukonda ntchito.
• Ntchito ndi ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya katswiri. Ngati mugwirizanitsa moyo wanu ndi ntchito ina, ndiye kuti ndi mwayi waukulu, udzakhala kosatha: tsiku lililonse, ndi tchuthi lalifupi, mabwana, Lolemba, omvera ovuta, ndi zina zotero. 
• Mafashoni ndi kutchuka kwa ntchitoyo kungasinthe - ndipo ngakhale asanamalize maphunziro ake ku yunivesite. Ndipo padzakhala njira ziwiri: sinthani ziyeneretso zanu kapena mukhale opambana pantchito yanu kuti mutsimikizire kufunika kwa msika wantchito.
• Simungasinthire malingaliro anu kwa munthu ku momwe mumaonera gawo lonse la zochitika - ngati mumakonda ntchito chifukwa abambo anu / amalume / mchimwene wanu / wojambula kanema ndiye mwini wake, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala omasuka momwemo. Munthu aliyense ayenera kusankha zimene akufuna komanso zimene wakonzekera. Pakhoza kukhala zitsanzo, koma pasakhale mafano. 
• Muyenera kukonda ntchitoyo, muyenera kukonda zigawo zake. Ntchito iliyonse imagawidwa m'magulu angapo: ntchito yaikulu ndi zolinga zake, ogwira nawo ntchito, malo ogwira ntchito, zomangamanga, "makasitomala" a ntchito, chilengedwe chakunja ndi mgwirizano wake ndi ntchitoyi. Simungavomereze chinthu chimodzi ndikukana china chilichonse, kapena kukana kukhalapo kwa zinthu zakunja. Kuti mugwire ntchito bwino ndikukhala okhutira, ndikofunikira kupeza zinthu zabwino m'zigawo zonse zomwe zalembedwa ndipo, pozimitsa wotchi ya alamu, dziwani chifukwa chake mudazimitsa tsopano (chifukwa chiyani, kupatula ndalama). 
• Ulendo wautali umayamba ndi masitepe ang'onoang'ono - simungakhale wamkulu komanso wotchuka, wodziwa zambiri komanso wotsogola. Padzakhala zolakwika, zitonzo, alangizi ndi omenyera, masitepe oyamba adzawoneka ngati osawoneka, ang'onoang'ono. Koma kwenikweni, kumbuyo kwa sitepe iliyonse yotereyi padzakhala kupambana - maziko a chidziwitso. Palibe chifukwa choopa kuyenda kapena kuthamanga kuchoka kuntchito kupita kuntchito pazifukwa zosafunika: mwala umamera pomwepo, ndipo woyendayo adzadziwa bwino msewu.

• Chiyambi cha ntchito nthawi zonse chimakhala chotopetsa - palibe amene angapatse woyambitsa ntchito zovuta zovuta, muyenera kuyandikira chilichonse kuchokera pazoyambira, kuyambira pazoyambira, kuphunzira, mbuye, kubwereza zinthu zosasangalatsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma ndikungodziwa bwino zinthu izi pomwe katswiri wachichepere amatha kulowa mu maziko akuya a ntchitoyo. Kutopa kumeneku sikungapeweke, kotero muyenera kuphunzira kupeza zosangalatsa mmenemo.
• Kusamalira ndalama ndi ntchito. Makolo athu sanatifotokozere nkhaniyi, ndipo tili kutali ndi izi. Ndikofunika osati kungopeza kapena kusunga, ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama ndikukhala ndi moyo pazomwe muli nazo panthawiyi. Uwu ndi luso lamtengo wapatali, lomwe limakuphunzitsaninso kulemekeza ego ndi luso lanu, osati kugwira ntchito ya ndalama, komanso kutchula mtengo wanu mokwanira. 

Izi zidakhala gawo lazanzeru pang'ono, koma izi ndi zomwe makolo amathandizira pakuwongolera ntchito ya wophunzira, chiyambi choyamba cha ulemu wake monga katswiri wamtsogolo.

Nanga adzathandiza ndani?

Chitsogozo cha ntchito ndi njira yomwe imatsimikizira moyo wanu wonse, kotero muyenera kudalira, mwa zina, njira za chipani chachitatu komanso thandizo la akatswiri.

• Katswiri wowongolera payekha - munthu amene angapezedi zokhumba zakuya ndi luso mwa mwana. Nthawi zambiri awa si akatswiri amisala chabe, koma akatswiri a HR, omwe mazana a ofunsira amadutsamo ndipo amatha kuwunika mozama zomwe mwana wanu wakonzekera komanso zomwe angayembekezere.

Pambuyo pogwira ntchito ndi katswiri wotsogolera ntchito, zotsatira zomwezo!

• Kuzindikira: muyenera kudziwa zomwe mumakonda, zomwe mwakonzekera (chizoloŵezi chomwecho), zomwe simukuzikonda, zomwe simunakonzekere mphotho iliyonse. Ndi bwino kulemba papepala n’kusunga kuti mudzabwerenso kudzabwerezanso mtsogolo. Gome loterolo lidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa pamzere wa maluso omwe ntchito iyenera kukhala. 
• Mapu a ntchito zoyenera - lembani ntchito zonse zomwe, malinga ndi makhalidwe ena, ndizoyenera kwa wophunzira, kambiranani chilichonse, tchulani ubwino ndi zovuta zake, ndikuziyerekeza ndi mwayi wopita ku yunivesite yofanana. Chifukwa chake, mutha kudziletsa kumadera angapo ndikuganiza zakukula kwaukadaulo (Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri otsala ndi videographer, mapulogalamu, injiniya magalimoto ndi woyendetsa nyanja, pakati pawo pali vekitala imodzi - luso luso, kulankhulana ndi mtundu wina wa zida; n'zotheka kale kuphunzira ziyembekezo za ntchito iliyonse, kuwunika zimene zidzakhala ngati podzachoka ku yunivesite etc. Ngakhale kufalikira kukadali kwakukulu kwambiri). 
• Aphunzitsi akusukulu - owonerera ofunika ndi mboni za kukula kwa mwana wanu, nthawi zina amatha kuona zomwe makolo samazindikira. M'malo mwake, amawona wophunzirayo makamaka kuchokera kumalingaliro anzeru, amawona kuthekera kwake ngati katswiri wamtsogolo. Lankhulani nawo, kambiranani za chitukuko cha akatswiri, zomwe akuwona zingakhale zofunikira kwambiri. 

Mukasonkhanitsa ndi kuyerekezera deta imeneyi, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mudziwe mmene mungathandizire mwana wanuyo kusankha njira imene akufuna.

Ichi ndi chithunzi chapamwamba chowongolera ntchito, chomwe zikuwonekeratu kuti ntchito yopambana idzakhazikika pamzere wa zilakolako, kuthekera (kuphatikiza zakuthupi) ndi zosowa za msika wantchito.

Koma tidakonda kusiyana kwake kwina - mosakayika za izo!

Kodi mungakweze bwanji katswiri wa IT?

Ngati wachinyamata (kapena bwino, mwana wosapitirira zaka 12) ali ndi luso loganiza bwino, ma aligorivimu, ndi malingaliro a uinjiniya wa zinthu, musataye nthawi ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zinthu zina:

1. mabuku, makamaka mabuku, pa kompyuta sayansi ndi masamu - choyamba, awa ndi nkhani zofunika, ndipo kachiwiri, wophunzira wanu kuzolowera ntchito ndi mabuku akatswiri; m'moyo waukadaulo, wopanga mapulogalamu wabwino nthawi zambiri samachita popanda mabuku;
2. makalabu pa robotics ndi mapulogalamu - alangizi m'njira osewerera adzaphunzitsa mwana zofunika aligorivimu, ntchito, mfundo za IT munda (okwana, kukumbukira, chinenero mapulogalamu, womasulira, kuyezetsa, etc.);
3. English - muyenera kuphunzira chinenero mozama kwambiri, kusamalira zosiyanasiyana ndi kuya kwa mawu, chigawo chokambirana (kuchokera kulankhulana ndi anzanu mu ntchito ndi pa Skype kuphunzira pa tchuthi m'masukulu chinenero kapena m'misasa);
4. za maloboti ndi zida zomangira nyumba - tsopano pali maloboti osinthika mugawo lililonse lamtengo, ndikofunikira kuwunikanso ntchito zapakhomo pamodzi ndi wophunzira ndikukulitsa chidziwitso;
5. ngati mwakonzeka kusewera ndi Arduino ndikupeza wachinyamata kusangalala nazo, ndiye kuti, ntchitoyo yatsala pang'ono kutha.

Koma kuseri kwa gamification ndi chilakolako, munthu sayenera kuiwala za mfundo zofunika za sayansi, masamu ndi kompyuta sayansi, iwo ayenera kukhalapo mu moyo wa mwana wasukulu ndi chilakolako chitukuko (ndipo ndithudi aliyense wophunzira).

Kuphunzira - sitiyenera kuiwala za izo: funso ndi yankho

Inde, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mwatsogolera ntchito ya mwana wanu kuyambira giredi yoyamba ndipo muli ndi chidaliro m’tsogolo lake, izi sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusiya kuphunzira kusukulu ndi kuganizira chinthu chimodzi. 

Kodi mungaphunzire bwanji maphunziro a "core"?

Mwapadera, kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku owonjezera, mabuku amavuto ndi mabuku ofotokozera. Cholinga cha kuphunzira sikungodutsa mayeso a Unified State Exam bwino, komanso kubwera ku yunivesite yokonzekera, ndikumvetsetsa phunzirolo komanso malo ake pantchito yamtsogolo.

Momwe mungachitire zinthu zopanda maziko?

Mkati mwa kulingalira ndi zokhumba zaumwini - kuphunzira, kupambana, kulemba mayesero, musawononge nthawi yochuluka pa iwo. Kupatulapo: Chirasha ndi zilankhulo zakunja, ndizofunika pazapadera zilizonse, choncho samalani kwambiri nazo. 

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi katundu wowonjezera?

Mavuto akuchulukirachulukira komanso ma Olympiad ndi chiyambi cha ntchito, popanda kukokomeza. Amawongolera kuganiza kwanu, amakuphunzitsani kuyang'ana pa mtunda waufupi ndikuthana ndi zovuta kwambiri, kukupatsani luso lodziwonetsera nokha komanso kukwanitsa kupambana / kumenya. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kupita kuyunivesite inayake ndipo wachinyamata wanu ali ndi ziyembekezo zantchito, ndikofunikira kutenga nawo gawo mu olympiads, misonkhano, ndi mpikisano wamaphunziro asayansi a ophunzira.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, thanzi liyenera kukhala pamwamba pa china chirichonse; iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomwe makolo amaiwala ndipo ana sakuzindikira.

Kodi ndipite kusukulu yaukadaulo nditatha giredi 8/9?

Ndi chisankho cha makolo ndi wophunzira mwiniyo. Palibe cholakwika m'maphunziro malinga ndi dongosolo la sukulu yaukadaulo + kuyunivesite, pali zabwino zambiri. Koma kuphunzira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Kodi ndisinthe sukulu kukhala yapadera?

Ndikoyenera kusintha - motere wophunzirayo adzakhala ndi mwayi wabwino wopambana Mayeso a Unified State ndi mphambu yapamwamba (chabwino, ndi nkhani yomweyi ndi mayeso olowera, ngati abwerera kulikonse mtsogolomu - mwayi udakalipo. apamwamba). Simuyenera kuopa kupwetekedwa m'maganizo; kusintha gulu kuli ndi mwayi waukulu: wophunzira wam'tsogolo adzazindikira anzake a m'kalasi ndi anzake a m'kalasi kale kwambiri, ndipo izi zimathandiza kwambiri kuti azolowere ku yunivesite. Koma ngati wachinyamata sangathe kuchotsedwa mwachindunji ndipo dziko la sukulu ndilofunika kwambiri, ndithudi, sikuli koyenera kumuchotsa, ndi bwino kuthera nthawi ku maphunziro owonjezera.

Zosankha zakuyunivesite?

Pali zinthu zambiri: kuyambira kusamukira kumizinda ina kupita kuzinthu zamkati za yunivesite, zonse ndi zapayekha. Koma m'pofunika kulabadira maziko zochita (ngati mulibe maganizo anu), pa mlingo wa kuphunzira chinenero ku yunivesite, waukulu mbiri sayansi (sayansi laboratories), pamaso pa dipatimenti asilikali. (kwa omwe izi zikuyenera).

Ndiyamba liti kugwira ntchito?

Ili ndi funso lalikulu - ndiyenera kuyamba kugwira ntchito kusukulu, ndipo yankho lake ndi la munthu payekha. Koma, m'malingaliro anga, ndikofunikira kuyesa kugwira ntchito m'chilimwe pakati pa 9th ndi 10, 10th ndi 11th giredi - kuti mumvetsetse momwe kuyanjana kumagwirira ntchito mu gulu lantchito, momwe maudindo amagawidwira, ndi magawo ati a ufulu / osakhala ufulu. kukhalapo. Koma m'chilimwe cholowa ku yunivesite, pali nkhawa zambiri ndi ntchito - kotero ndinalembetsa ndikupuma, ndikukhala bwino.

M'malo mwake, titha kulankhula za mutuwu kwamuyaya, ndipo pamafunika njira yozama yamunthu payekha. Koma zikuoneka kuti ngati kholo lililonse limvera mfundo zina za m’nkhaniyo, kudzakhala kosavuta kuti ana asukulu asankhe ntchito ya m’tsogolo, ndipo amayi ndi abambo adzatha kupeŵa chinenezo chakuti “Sindinkafuna kuchita zimenezi. ku yunivesite, mudandipangira ine.” Ntchito ya akuluakulu si kudyetsa ana awo nsomba, koma kuwapatsa ndodo yophera nsomba ndi kuwaphunzitsa mmene angaigwiritsire ntchito. Nthawi ya sukulu ndi maziko aakulu a moyo wanu wonse wamtsogolo, kotero muyenera kuisamalira moyenera ndikutsatira malamulo akuluakulu atatu: ulemu, chitsogozo ndi chikondi. Khulupirirani ine, izo zidzabwerera kwa inu zana limodzi. 

Mu gawo lotsatira, tidutsa makonde asanu / asanu ndi limodzi a maphunziro aku yunivesite ndikusankha ngati pakufunika kapena "mwina, kugehena ndi dipuloma?" Musaphonye!

Zolemba zadyera

Mwa njira, tinayiwala mfundo yofunika - ngati mukufuna kukula ngati katswiri wa IT, muyenera kudziwana ndi mapulojekiti otseguka kusukulu. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuthandizira pazochitika zazikuluzikulu, koma ndi nthawi yoti muyambe kudula ndi kulera polojekiti yanu ya ziweto, kusanthula chiphunzitsocho. Ndipo ngati mwakula kale ndipo mulibe chinachake cha chitukuko, mwachitsanzo, wamphamvu wabwino VPS,kupita ku Tsamba la RUVDS - Tili ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa.

Source: www.habr.com