Kupanga magalimoto odziyendetsa okha omwe amatha kupanga zosankha ngati anthu akhala cholinga chamakampani monga Waymo, GM Cruise, Uber ndi ena. Intel Mobileye imapereka chitsanzo cha masamu cha Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS), chomwe kampaniyo ikufotokoza ngati njira ya "common sense" yomwe imadziwika ndi kupanga pulogalamu ya autopilot kuti azichita zinthu "zabwino", monga kupatsa magalimoto ena njira yoyenera. . Kumbali ina, NVIDIA ikupanga mwachangu Safety Force Field, ukadaulo wopangira zisankho womwe umayang'anira zochita zosatetezeka za ogwiritsa ntchito misewu yozungulira posanthula deta kuchokera ku masensa agalimoto munthawi yeniyeni. Tsopano gulu la asayansi ochokera ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) alowa nawo kafukufukuyu ndipo akonza njira yatsopano yotengera kugwiritsa ntchito mamapu ngati GPS komanso zowonera zomwe zimapezeka pamakamera oyikidwa pagalimotoyo kuti woyendetsa ndegeyo azitha kuyenda mosadziwika bwino. misewu yofanana ndi munthu.
Anthu amachita bwino kwambiri kuyendetsa magalimoto m'misewu yomwe sanayendepo. Timangoyerekeza zimene timaona pozungulira ife ndi zimene timaona pa zipangizo zathu za GPS kuti tidziwe kumene tili komanso kumene tikufunika kupita. Koma magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, amavutika kwambiri kuyenda m'mbali zosadziwika zamsewu. Pamalo aliwonse atsopano, woyendetsa ndegeyo amafunikira kusanthula mosamalitsa njira yatsopano, ndipo nthawi zambiri makina owongolera okha amadalira mamapu ovuta a 3D omwe ogulitsa amawakonzeratu.
M'nkhani yomwe idaperekedwa sabata ino ku International Conference on Robotic and Automation, ofufuza a MIT akufotokoza njira yoyendetsera galimoto yomwe "imaphunzira" ndikukumbukira momwe dalaivala amapangira zisankho pamene akuyenda m'misewu m'dera laling'ono la mzinda pogwiritsa ntchito deta yokha. makamera ndi mapu osavuta ngati GPS. Wophunzira woyendetsa ndegeyo amatha kuyendetsa galimoto yopanda dalaivala pamalo atsopano, kutengera kuyendetsa kwamunthu.
Mofanana ndi munthu, woyendetsa ndegeyo amazindikiranso kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa mapu ake ndi mawonekedwe a msewu. Izi zimathandiza makina kudziwa ngati malo ake pamsewu, masensa, kapena mapu ndi olakwika kotero kuti akhoza kukonza njira ya galimoto.
Kuti aphunzitse dongosololi, woyendetsa anthu adayendetsa galimoto yamtundu wa Toyota Prius yokhala ndi makamera angapo komanso njira yoyambira ya GPS kuti atole zambiri kuchokera m'misewu yakumidzi yakumidzi, kuphatikiza misewu ndi zopinga zosiyanasiyana. Dongosololo lidayendetsa bwino galimotoyo motsatira njira yomwe idakonzedweratu kudera lina lankhalango lomwe likufuna kuyesa magalimoto odziyimira pawokha.
"Ndi dongosolo lathu, simuyenera kuphunzitsa panjira iliyonse pasadakhale," akutero wolemba kafukufuku Alexander Amini, wophunzira maphunziro MIT. "Mutha kutsitsa mapu atsopano kuti galimoto yanu iyende m'misewu yomwe sinawonekerepo."
"Cholinga chathu ndi kupanga maulendo oyenda okha omwe amatha kuyendetsa galimoto m'malo atsopano," akuwonjezera wolemba wina Daniela Rus, mkulu wa Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). "Mwachitsanzo, ngati tiphunzitsa galimoto yodziyimira payokha kuyendetsa m'matauni monga misewu ya Cambridge, dongosololi liyeneranso kuyendetsa bwino m'nkhalango, ngakhale silinawonepo malo otere."
Machitidwe oyendayenda achikhalidwe amakonza deta ya sensa kudzera m'ma module angapo opangidwira ntchito monga kumasulira, mapu, kuzindikira zinthu, kukonzekera kuyenda ndi chiwongolero. Kwa zaka zambiri, gulu la Daniela lakhala likupanga machitidwe oyendetsa maulendo opita kumapeto omwe amayendetsa deta ya sensa ndikuyendetsa galimoto popanda kufunikira kwa ma modules apadera. Mpaka pano, komabe, zitsanzozi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa kuyenda motetezeka pamsewu, popanda cholinga chenicheni. Mu ntchito yatsopanoyi, ochita kafukufukuwo adakonza ndondomeko yawo yopita kumapeto kwa kayendetsedwe ka zolinga kumalo osadziwika kale. Kuti achite izi, asayansi adaphunzitsa oyendetsa ndege awo kulosera za kuthekera konse kwa malamulo onse omwe angathe kuwongolera nthawi iliyonse akuyendetsa.
Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina otchedwa convolutional neural network (CNN), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zithunzi. Pa nthawi ya maphunziro, dongosololi limayang'ana khalidwe loyendetsa galimoto la munthu. CNN imagwirizanitsa chiwongolero chokhotakhota ndi kupindika kwa msewu, komwe imawona kudzera pamakamera ndi pamapu ake ang'onoang'ono. Chotsatira chake, dongosololi limaphunzira malamulo oyendetsera magalimoto osiyanasiyana, monga misewu yowongoka, misewu inayi kapena T-junction, mafoloko ndi matembenuzidwe.
"Poyamba, pa T-mphambano, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe galimoto imatha kutembenukira," akutero Rus. "Chitsanzocho chimayamba poganizira njira zonsezi, ndipo pamene CNN ikupeza zambiri za zomwe anthu akuchita nthawi zina pamsewu, idzawona kuti madalaivala ena akutembenukira kumanzere ndipo ena kumanja, koma palibe amene amapita mwachindunji. . Kutsogola sikudziwika ngati njira yomwe ingatheke, ndipo chitsanzocho chimamaliza kuti pa T-junction chimangosuntha kumanzere kapena kumanja.
Poyendetsa galimoto, CNN imachotsanso mawonekedwe amisewu kuchokera ku makamera, kuwalola kulosera zomwe zingasinthe njira. Mwachitsanzo, imatchula chizindikiro chofiira choima kapena mzere wosweka m'mphepete mwa msewu ngati zizindikiro za mphambano yomwe ikubwera. Pa mphindi iliyonse, imagwiritsa ntchito kugawa komwe kunanenedweratu kwa malamulo owongolera kuti isankhe lamulo lolondola kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti, malinga ndi ofufuza, oyendetsa ndege awo amagwiritsa ntchito mamapu omwe ndi osavuta kusunga ndikuwongolera. Makina odzilamulira okha nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mamapu a lidar, omwe amatenga pafupifupi 4000 GB ya data kuti asunge mzinda wa San Francisco wokha. Pamalo aliwonse atsopano, galimotoyo iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndikupanga mamapu atsopano, omwe amafunikira kukumbukira kwakukulu. Kumbali inayi, mapu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Autopilot watsopano amakhudza dziko lonse lapansi pomwe amatenga ma gigabytes 40 okha a data.
Pakuyendetsa pawokha, dongosololi limafananizanso zowonera ndi mapu ndikuwonetsa kusagwirizana kulikonse. Izi zimathandiza galimoto yodziyimira payokha kudziwa bwino komwe ili pamsewu. Ndipo izi zimatsimikizira kuti galimotoyo imakhalabe panjira yotetezeka kwambiri, ngakhale italandira zidziwitso zotsutsana: ngati, tinene, galimotoyo ikuyenda mumsewu wowongoka popanda kukhota, ndipo GPS ikuwonetsa kuti galimotoyo iyenera kutembenukira kumanja, galimotoyo idzayenda. kudziwa kupita molunjika kapena kuyima.
βMβdziko lenileni, masensa amalephera,β akutero Amini. "Tikufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti autopilot yathu ikugwirizana ndi zolephera zosiyanasiyana za sensor popanga dongosolo lomwe limatha kulandira maphokoso aliwonse ndikuyendabe bwino pamsewu."
Source: 3dnews.ru