M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1980, USSR siinangosewera perestroika ndikusintha Simca 1307 ku Moskvich-2141, komanso kuyesera kulosera zam'tsogolo za ogula ambiri. Zinali zovuta kwambiri, makamaka pamene kunali kusoŵa kotheratu. Komabe, asayansi aku Soviet adatha kuneneratu za kutuluka kwa laputopu, mafoni am'manja, magalasi anzeru ndi mahedifoni opanda zingwe.
Ndizoseketsa kuti ngakhale pamenepo, zaka 30 zapitazo, zida zamagetsi zowoneka bwino zidaganiziridwa bwino:
"Mayankho osayembekezeka kwambiri ndi otheka pano: mwachitsanzo, magalasi omwe, mwalamulo la wogwiritsa ntchito, amasandulika chiwonetsero chowonetsa nthawi kapena chidziwitso china chofunikira (kugunda kwa mtima, kutentha kwa thupi kapena mpweya wozungulira)."
Tikukamba za polojekiti yobadwa m'matumbo a All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE). Ndi kusungitsa kwina, polojekitiyi imatha kutchedwa "smart home" system. Bungweli lidapeza vuto lalikulu la zida zonse zapakhomo - kusowa kwa njira imodzi yomwe ingaphatikizire TV, chojambulira, VCR, kompyuta, chosindikizira, ndi okamba. Ndipo adapereka njira yothetsera vutoli m'magazini ""Kwa September 1987.
Choncho, dziwani. Pano pali Superfunctional Integrated Communication System - SPHINX, yopangidwa ndi Igor Lysenko, Alexey ndi Maria Kolotushkin, Marina Mikheeva, Elena Ruzova motsogoleredwa ndi Dmitry Azrikan. Madivelopa adalongosola pulojekitiyi ngati imodzi mwamayankho opangira ma TV apanyumba ndi wailesi mu 2000. Izo sizinali zambiri pulojekiti ya chinthu monga pulojekiti ya mfundo ya mgwirizano pakati pa ogula ndi magwero a chidziwitso.
Pafupifupi zida zonse ndizosavuta kuzizindikira, sichoncho?
Lingalirolo likuwoneka losavuta komanso lomveka. SPHINX inkayenera kugwirizanitsa zipangizo zonse zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa ndi purosesa wamba, yomwe inakhalanso ngati malo osungirako deta komanso njira yolandirira ndi kutumiza kunja. Zomwe adalandira ndi purosesa zidagawidwa pazithunzi, mizati ndi midadada ina. Kuti midadada imeneyi iyikidwe m’nyumba yonse (mwachitsanzo, filimu yokhala ndi mawu omvera imasonyezedwa pa zenera m’chipinda chimodzi, masewero a kanema m’chipinda china, kompyuta yokhala ndi ntchito zantchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito muofesi, ndi buku lomvera mawu. ikuwerengedwa kukhitchini), idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse m'nyumba (mwina ngakhale pakumanga nyumbayo) otchedwa "mabasi". Ndiko kuti, zingwe zina zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimatha mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuziwongolera kudzera mu purosesa.
Mawu ochokera m'nkhani:
"SPHINX ndi zida zamawayilesi zopangira nyumba yamtsogolo. Ntchito yonse yolandira, kujambula, kusunga ndi kugawa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zidziwitso ikuchitika ndi purosesa yapakati yokhala ndi chipangizo chosungirako chilengedwe chonse. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akupereka chifukwa choyembekezera kubwera kwa chonyamulira cha chilengedwe chonse posachedwa. Idzalowa m’malo (owonjezera) marekodi a galamafoni, makaseti omvera ndi mavidiyo, ma CD amakono, zithunzi ndi masilayidi (mafelemu akadali), malemba osindikizidwa, ndi zina zotero.”
Kumanzere - unit yokhala ndi purosesa yapakati SPHINX. "Petals" zachilendozi mumchira ndizosungirako zosungirako, zofanana ndi ma SSD amakono, HDDs, flash drives, kapena, nthawi zambiri, ma CD. Mu USSR, iwo anali otsimikiza kuti choyamba chonyamulira deta padziko lonse chidzakhala litayamba, ndiyeno crystalline, popanda kusuntha njira mu kuwerenga zipangizo.
Pakati - zosankha ziwiri za gulu lalikulu lowongolera. Buluu simamva kukhudza ndipo ili ndi chowongolera chaching'ono chogwirizira pamanja popuma. White - pseudo-sensory, mu recess - cholandira telefoni. Itha kulumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a piritsi kuti mupange china chake chofanana ndi laputopu yamakono. Kumanja kwa kiyibodi pali makiyi "zambiri - zochepa" kuti musinthe magawo aliwonse.
Kumanja - chowongolera chaching'ono chogwirizira m'manja chokhala ndi chowonera. Makonzedwe a diagonal a mabatani, monga momwe amaganiziridwa panthawiyo, anali abwino kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi chowongolera chakutali. Kiyi iliyonse iyenera kuyatsidwanso, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, yankho lomveka pokanikiza likhoza kutsegulidwa.
Dziwani kuti zida za SPHINX zidagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Zovala
- Zokhudzana ndi nyumba
- Zokhudzana ndi Transport
Ndizosavuta kuzindikira "zibangili zanzeru" ndi mawotchi, "smart home" ndi makompyuta apagalimoto.
Kodi mungatani mothandizidwa ndi SPHINX? Inde, zomwe timachita masiku ano: onerani TV ndi makanema kuchokera ku library library, mverani nyimbo, pezani zanyengo, imbani mavidiyo.
“Kuno munthu akhoza kuonera mafilimu, mapulogalamu a pavidiyo, mapulogalamu a pa TV, zojambulajambula, zithunzi ndi nyimbo zina, kusewera masewera a pakompyuta, ndi zidutswa za chimbale cha banja zikhoza kuwonetsedwanso pano. Banja litha kukonza ma teleconference ochezeka kapena misonkhano yamabizinesi. Zambiri (nthawi, nyengo, zambiri, njira zina, ndi zina zotero) zitha kuperekedwa pazithunzithunzi zamkati,"
- iwo analota mu USSR.
Malumikizidwe a waya ndi opanda zingwe a zida zina adaperekedwa. Madivelopa anali ndi chidaliro kuti purosesa athe kulandira zidziwitso ndikuzipereka ku zida zina zapakhomo kudzera pa wailesi (chithunzi cha Wi-Fi). Purosesa yapakati idayenera kukhala ndi gawo lomwe limasintha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma sign kukhala mawonekedwe a digito.
Purosesa yokha idangokhala ngati njira yogawa ntchito ku zida zina. Choncho, sinafunikire kusungidwa pamalo oonekera. Zowona, ngati mukukankhira chipangizo kwinakwake kutali, zidzakhala zovuta kuyikamo "petals" - osunga chidziwitso. Ankaganiziridwa kuti diski iliyonse yotereyi inali ndi udindo wopuma kapena ntchito ya wachibale mmodzi. Ndiko kuti, mwachitsanzo, makanema ndi masewera amalembedwa pa sing'anga imodzi, nyimbo ndi mapulogalamu a maphunziro pa wina, bizinesi ndi ntchito zopanga pachitatu, ndi zina.
Purosesa yapakati idayenera kutumiza zofunikira pazowonetsera.
"SPHINX imakulolani kuti muyambe kukonza nyumba ndi ntchito iliyonse yofunika kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa zida sikukulirakulira molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito, koma pang'ono chabe. ”
- M'malo mwake, ili ndi lingaliro la foni yamakono. Ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu (ntchito) zomwe mumayika, kukula kwa chipangizocho sikusintha. Pokhapokha ngati muyike memori khadi yokulirapo.
Dongosolo linawoneka , koma mphamvu zonse za SPHINX, monga dongosolo lenilenilo, panthawiyo zinkawoneka bwino pamasamba a magazini. Kupanga masanjidwe ogwirira ntchito, osatchulapo kukhazikitsa lingalirolo, kunali kopanda funso. Soviet Union inali itatsala pang'ono kugwa, ndi makuponi a shuga, sopo ndi nyama, ndi mikangano ya mafuko yomwe ikukulirakulira komanso kusauka kwa anthu. Kodi ndani anali ndi chidwi ndi zongopeka za okonza mapulani ndi mainjiniya ena?
Nanga bwanji?
Ponena za VNIITE, palibe chosangalatsa chomwe chinachitika kumeneko mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000. Boma lasintha, ndipo ngati kale pafupifupi mankhwala onse opangidwa ku USSR adadutsa VNIITE, izi sizinali choncho. Bungweli linakhala losauka, linataya nthambi m'mizinda ina ndi antchito ambiri, ndipo linatseka malo opangira Pushkinskaya Square. Ogwira ntchito anali kuchita nawo ntchito zasayansi ndi zolemba zofanana ndi za 80s.
Komabe, chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 2013 zinthu zinasintha. Anthu atsopano anabwera, malingaliro atsopano anawonekera. Ndipo mu 461, bungwe lofufuzira linaphatikizidwa ku yunivesite ya RTU MIREA mwa lamulo la Unduna wa Zamaphunziro ndi Sayansi wa Russian Federation la No. 2014. Ntchito zake sizinathe. M'malo mwake, kuyambira XNUMX, International Day of Industrial Design yakhala ikuchitika pachaka (kuphatikiza gawo la Skolkovo). Laboratory ya ergonomic inayambikanso, dipatimenti ya chiphunzitso ndi njira ndi dipatimenti yokonza mapulani inayambikanso, ntchito za boma ndi ntchito za maphunziro zinawonekera. Mwa ntchito zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kwambiri, tikuwunikira "Ergonomic Atlas". Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira? Sergey Moiseev, wotsogolera chitukuko cha bungwe, anati:
"Kuyambira 1971, zizindikiro za anthropometric sizinayesedwe m'dziko lathu, ndipo mawonekedwe awo amasintha pakapita nthawi. Atlas ili kale kumapeto kwa ntchito ndipo idzatulutsidwa posachedwa. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira, chifukwa tsopano ku Russia miyezo ya zovala, miyezo ya chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito, malo ogwira ntchito - zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi miyeso ya 1971. "
Ponena za mtsogoleri wa polojekiti ya SPHINX, Dmitry Azrikan, adasamukira ku USA, komwe adakhala mtsogoleri wa International Promotion Inc. Ku Chicago, ndipo adalandira ziphaso zopitilira zana zamapangidwe amakampani ndi ma Patent ku Russia ndi USA. Ndipo pulogalamu yophunzitsira okonza mapulani yomwe adapanga ku Western Michigan University (USA) idavomerezedwa ndikulandila satifiketi ya NASAD (National Association of Schools of Art and Design).
Dmitry, mwa njira, anamaliza lingaliro lake. Mu 1990, lingaliro lake linaperekedwa ku Spain.» . Ndipo pachionetsero china mu 1992 ku Japan, kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro kunayambitsidwa ndi lingaliro lamtsogolo la "".
Ndi chiyani chinanso chosangalatsa chomwe mungawerenge pabulogu?
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Source: www.habr.com