🥇Lowani IT: kafukufuku wanga pakusintha kupita ku IT kuchokera kumafakitale ena

Ndikalemba anthu ogwira ntchito ku IT, nthawi zambiri ndimakumana ndi anthu omwe adasintha makampani awo kukhala IT atagwira ntchito kwakanthawi m'mafakitale ena. Malinga ndi momwe ndikumvera, pali 20% mpaka 30% ya akatswiri otere pamsika wa IT. Anthu amapeza maphunziro, nthawi zambiri osati ngakhale luso - wazachuma, wowerengera ndalama, loya, HR, ndiyeno, atapeza luso lapadera pantchito yawo, amasamukira ku IT. Ena amakhalabe mu ntchitoyi, koma asinthe makampani, pamene ena amasintha osati makampani okha, komanso ntchito.

Ndinaganiza zofufuza. Ndili ndi chidwi pazifukwa ndi zolimbikitsa zosamukira ku IT kuchokera kumafakitale ena. Komanso zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimachitika pakusintha kotereku, ndi zida ziti ndi magwero azidziwitso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe akufuna kusinthira ku IT kuti aphunzire komanso aziphunzira okha. Ndidafufuza anthu 12 pawokha ndipo anthu 128 adamaliza kafukufuku wapaintaneti. Mafunso omwe anamalizidwa anasiya kufika ndipo ndinafotokoza mwachidule zotsatira zake. Kafukufukuyu anali ndi mafunso ambiri otseguka; zinali zofunika kwa ine momwe ofunsidwawo adafotokozera zomwe adakumana nazo m'mawu awoawo, osati zomwe zidapangidwa kale zomwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito.

Lumikizani ku kafukufuku

Большое p owerenga omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu. Ndakondwa kwambiri ndi nkhani zanu zatsatanetsatane komanso zowona.

Pansipa ndikuwonetsa zotsatira za phunziroli.

Anthu 140 adatenga nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu.

Zolemba za omvera:
Akazi - 22%.
Amuna - 78%.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, ntchito zotsatirazi za IT ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri omwe adasintha gawo lawo kukhala IT:
Madivelopa (sanasonyeze ukatswiri wawo) - 50%
Opanga kutsogolo - 9%
Opanga kumbuyo - 9%
HR - 6%
Oyang'anira polojekiti - 6%
QA - 6%
Akatswiri ofufuza zamalonda - 6%
Oyang'anira machitidwe - 5%
Thandizo laukadaulo - 2%
Zogulitsa - 1%

Ma professional otchuka kwambiri omwe amayi amalowa nawo ndi awa:
HR - 35%
Madivelopa (zapadera zonse pamodzi) - 35%
Oyang'anira polojekiti - 10%
Akatswiri ofufuza zamalonda - 10%
QA - 10%

Ntchito zodziwika kwambiri zomwe amuna amalowa nazo:
Madivelopa (popanda tsatanetsatane) - 48%
Opanga kutsogolo - 11%
Opanga kumbuyo - 11%
Oyang'anira polojekiti - 8%
Oyang'anira machitidwe - 8%
Akatswiri ofufuza zamalonda - 5%
QA - 5%
Thandizo laukadaulo - 3%
Zogulitsa - 1%

Makampani omwe anthu adayankha adachoka:
Kupereka ntchito (kuphatikiza zakudya) - 10%
Kuphunzitsa (masukulu, mayunivesite) - 10%
Umisiri wamakina (opanga akatswiri) - 9%
B2B malonda - 9%
Ndalama ndi zowerengera - 9%
Kugulitsa - 8%
Zomangamanga - 8%
Makampani opanga magetsi - 6%
Kayendetsedwe ndi zoyendera - 6%
Umisiri wamagetsi ndi wailesi (akatswiri) - 5%
Mankhwala - 5%
Kupanga (oyendetsa, oyendetsa makina) - 5%
Utolankhani, PR, kutsatsa - 5%
Ena onse (sayansi - physics, chemistry, psychology) - 5%

Kodi kusintha kwa IT kunali lingaliro labwino?

Kwa ambiri omwe adayankha, kusintha kwa IT kunali kofunikira komanso kofunikira (pafupifupi 85%). Anayesetsa kupeza chidziŵitso chosoŵacho. Gawo laling'ono la iwo lidasintha mafakitale pomwe akukhalabe pantchitoyo (HR, oyang'anira polojekiti). Otsala 15% adathera mu IT mwangozi, popanda chikhumbo chilichonse chodziwika bwino. Tinangoganiza zoyesa dzanja lathu pamakampani atsopano. Ndipo ena adazindikira maloto aubwana atalandira maphunziro osakhala a IT chifukwa cha kuumirira kwa achibale.

Ndi chiyani chinakukopani ku IT?

Zifukwa zomwe zimatchulidwa kwambiri zinali:

Kuthekera kogwirira ntchito kutali ndikusankha malo okhala.
Kutenga nawo mbali pakuchita komanso kusintha.
Ndimakonda kutenga nawo mbali popanga china chatsopano (ntchito yolenga).
Ntchito zosangalatsa, kufunika kophunzira nthawi zonse ndikukulitsa.
Kuzunguliridwa ndi anthu anzeru, opanga zinthu.
Zowoneka, zolimbikitsa kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito ku IT kugwira ntchito poyerekeza ndi kupanga.
Kudzizindikira. Kukula kwaumwini. Chilengedwe. Ndikufuna kuchita ntchito yosangalatsa ndi zopindulitsa zowoneka ndi zotsatira, osati kukankhira zinthu zosafunikira.
Kufunika kokhazikika kwa akatswiri, malo ambiri osagwira ntchito, chidaliro chamtsogolo, ziyembekezo, ndi zofuna.
Mikhalidwe yabwino yogwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi mafakitale ena.
Njira zamakono zoyendetsera ntchito, kulemekezana.
Mwayi wokweza malipiro. Kukwera kwamalipiro apamwamba poyerekeza ndi mafakitale ena.
Ndinkakonda kuchita ntchito zanzeru (mu sayansi), koma pali ndalama zochepa komanso maulamuliro, ntchito zomwe zakhazikitsidwa sizoyenera kwenikweni.
Zotsatira za ntchito yanu ndizosavuta kuziwona ndikuwonetsa kwa anthu ena.
Pali maulamuliro ochepa komanso maubwenzi osavuta ademokalase mu gulu mulibe utsogoleri wokhwima.
Mwayi wokulitsa Chingelezi chanu pamalankhulidwe atsiku ndi tsiku.
Malipiro poyambira ndi apamwamba kuposa, mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito m'boma - aphunzitsi ndi madokotala.
Anthu a IT ndi osangalatsa, ophunzira, osiyanasiyana, anthu opanga zinthu, okondwa komanso okondwa. Ndizosangalatsa kugwira ntchito ndi anthu ngati amenewo.

Pafupifupi 25% ya omwe adafunsidwa adawonetsa malipiro apamwamba, ndipo 15% adawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito komanso ntchito zachangu komanso zosavuta.

Kodi zomwe mukuyembekezera zidakwaniritsidwa?

63% adayankha kuti ziyembekezo zawo zonse ndi malingaliro awo pamakampaniwo zidakwaniritsidwa.
12% adayankha kuti kugwira ntchito mu IT kupitilira zomwe amayembekeza ndipo adakondwera kwathunthu.
22% adanena kuti zomwe akuyembekezera sizinakwaniritsidwe.
3% akuti ziyembekezo zawo sizinakwaniritsidwe.
Woyankha wina adayankha kuti amanong'oneza bondo pantchito ya IT, popeza thanzi lake (masomphenya, minofu ndi mafupa) zidasokonekera panthawi yantchito yake ndipo akufuna kupita ku gawo lina la ntchito.

Nkhawa ndi mikangano yotsutsa kusamukira ku IT?

Zodetsa nkhawa zazikulu zidadziwika kuti:

Maphunziro osakhazikika
Kupanda chidziwitso chamakampani ndi mantha owoneka opusa komanso osachita bwino.
Kuopa kufunika kodziwa zambiri zatsopano.
Kusatsimikizika pamlingo wanga wa Chingerezi, kaya ndimatha kumvetsetsa zonse molondola komanso kulumikizana pamlingo wofunikira.
Zidzakhala zovuta kupeza ntchito yanu yoyamba.
Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati "sindingathe kuzichotsa"?
Ndinasokonezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso zotsutsana - ena amatamanda ndikunena kuti zonse mu IT ndi zabwino kwambiri, pomwe ena amati ntchitoyi ndi ya akatswiri ndipo aliyense posakhalitsa amayaka ndikukhumudwa.
Anthu amaphunzira izi ku yunivesite, koma ndiyambire kuti?
Kutsika kwa ndalama poyamba ndipo palibe amene akudziwa kuti izi zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji.
Kuopa kuti adzaletsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha ukalamba wawo komanso kusowa kwa luso lapadera.
Kuopa kudzichititsa manyazi pa zokambirana chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso.
Kuopa kusadutsa nthawi yoyeserera ndikusiyidwa opanda ntchito komanso ndalama zokhazikika.
Mphekesera za "zowopsa" za anzawo.
Zinali zowopsa kusiya ntchito ndi mafakitale omwe ndakhala ndikuchita zaka zoposa 7-10, momwe ndinadziwira luso ndi mtundu wina wa ntchito.
Monga kutsutsana ndi malipiro apamwamba, ndondomeko za imvi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri (osati malipiro ovomerezeka kapena mgwirizano ndi wochita bizinesi payekha).

Pafupifupi 20% ya omwe adafunsidwa adanenanso kuti amvetsetsa kuti ndalama zomwe amapeza zidzachepetsedwa mpaka kalekale ndipo izi zidawawopsa, koma adachita ngozi. Kuchokera pamene ndikumaliza (mwinamwake izi ndizotsutsana) kuti gawo lalikulu la "oganiza" za kusamukira ku IT samasankha chifukwa cholephera kukhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ndalama zochepa kuposa momwe amachitira.
Pafupifupi 30% anali ndi mantha kuti "sangathe kugwira" ntchito yatsopano kapena kupeza chidziwitso chatsopano.
20% adanena kuti anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri asanafunse mafunso awo oyambirira.
Anthu 15 pa XNUMX alionse ankakayikira kuti angapeze ntchito popanda luso komanso atakalamba.

Zovuta zazikulu zomwe zidayamba chifukwa cha ntchito yatsopanoyi?

Nazi zosankha zodziwika kwambiri:

Zovuta ndi kukayikira posankha njira yopita ku chitukuko - ndi chilankhulo chotani cha pulogalamu ndi stack yomwe imalonjeza kwambiri, ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuwononga poyamba?
Zinali zofunika kuphunzira mwamsanga ndi kudziwa zambiri zatsopano - mfundo ndi terminology, njira zina ntchito.
Kuti ndidziwe zambiri m'nthawi yochepa, ndinaphatikiza luso latsopano ndi ntchito, ndipo nthawi zonse ndimayenera kuika patsogolo.
Kudziletsa kunafunikira.
Zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti ndiyambe, ndinali ndi malingaliro akuti sindimamvetsetsa kalikonse, ndimafuna kusiya chilichonse.
Zinali zovuta kwambiri chifukwa chosadziŵa bwino Chingelezi.
Phunzirani nokha, popanda mlangizi yemwe angafotokoze zonse.
Kupanda chidziwitso choyambirira, ma aligorivimu ndi zomwe ophunzira ku yunivesite aphunzitsidwa kwa zaka 4.
Pokhala ndi mantha komanso kuchititsa kusapeza bwino, n'zosatheka kulosera nthawi yomwe idzatengere kuthetsa mavuto ambiri.
Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe chamakampani ndi kasamalidwe kachitidwe. M'malo mwa authoritarianism, pali demokalase yathunthu, koma palibe amene wathetsa udindo.
Kwa nthawi yaitali, achibale anga sankamvetsa chifukwa chimene ndinasiyira ntchito yanga yokhazikika, koma nditayamba kupeza ndalama zambiri kuposa poyamba, anandimvetsa.
Kugwira ntchito modabwitsa kwa ubongo.
Kusintha mu kampani ndi maubwenzi ndi anzako odziwa zambiri.
Imposter Syndrome.
Poyamba zinali zovuta kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa.
Zambiri za slang.
Zida zatsopano zomwe zinayenera kuphunziridwa kuyambira pachiyambi.
Mapangidwe a mapangidwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kwa olemba mapulogalamu a novice (sizikudziwika chifukwa chake zonsezi zachitika, koma amafunsa pa zokambirana).
Kusakhulupirira kwa olemba anzawo ntchito ndipo, chifukwa chake, zovuta kupeza ntchito yoyamba mu IT.

Pafupifupi 10% ya omwe adafunsidwa adatchulapo zachinyengo. Sindikutsimikiza kuti onse amamvetsetsa mawuwa mofanana. Kumvetsetsa komwe anthu ambiri amavomereza ndiko kuti munthu samayesa bwino zomwe wapambana ndipo, ngakhale atapeza zinazake kudzera muntchito yake, amaganiza kuti ali ndi mwayi.

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zimene zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavuto amenewa?

60% ya omwe adafunsidwa ayesa maphunziro aulere pa intaneti.
34% ya omwe adafunsidwa adagula maphunziro apa intaneti. Nthawi yomweyo, onse adayesa maphunziro aulere pa intaneti. Ambiri aiwo adazindikira kuti zomwe zili m'maphunziro olipidwa ndizosakhazikika ndipo zitha kupezeka m'maphunziro aulere. Koma nthawi yomweyo, maphunziro olipidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala athunthu komanso okonzedwa bwino komanso opangidwa bwino. M'malingaliro awo, maphunziro olipidwa amathandiza kuyamwa zambiri mwachangu.
Ena adawona kuti kupita patsogolo pamaphunziro a pa intaneti komanso mwayi womaliza maphunzirowo anali apamwamba pamaphunziro olipidwa (ndinalipira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndiyenera kumaliza maphunzirowo mpaka kumapeto).

Ndi 6% yokha ya omwe anafunsidwa omwe adanena kuti amapita ku maphunziro a nthawi yochepa (1-6 months) omwe amalipidwa ndi aphunzitsi payekha, kupita ku maphunziro ndi makalasi othandiza.

Gwero lalikulu lachidziwitso lomwe aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito ndi zolemba pa intaneti komanso zofufuza. Google imatsogola ngati injini yosakira. Oposa 50% mwa omwe adafunsidwa adazitchula mwanjira ina. Palibe amene adatchula Yandex ngati injini yosakira.

Podziwerengera okha, omwe adawayankha adagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsatirazi:

Netology
Habr
ru.hexlet.io
Mayit.com
htmlacademy.ru
javarush.ru
YouTube
Coursera (makamaka maphunziro ochokera ku Mail.ru)
data.stepik.org
learn.javascript.ru

35% ya omwe adafunsidwa adanena kuti poyamba, ngakhale anali ndi manyazi komanso osatsimikiza, adapempha anzawo kuti awathandize. Ochepera 10% mwa omwe adafunsidwa adawona kuti anzawo adawathandiza popanda chidwi. Ndipo ena onse ali otsimikiza kuti kuthandiza oyamba kumene sikunali kolemetsa kwa anzawo odziwa zambiri.

Kodi mumakonda makanema kapena zolemba/mabuku ophunzirira nokha?

Pafupifupi 42% ya omwe adafunsidwa amakonda kuwerenga zolemba ndi mabuku, ndikuzindikira kuti zolemba zili ndi zambiri zaposachedwa, koma mothandizidwa ndi mabuku chidziwitso chofunikira chimapezedwa bwino.
14% amakonda kuwonera ndikumvera makanema ndi ma podcasts.
Otsala 44% - gulu lalikulu kwambiri - amazindikira bwino zomvera ndi zowonera.
Kutengera izi, ndikunena zotsatirazi (mwina zotsutsana) - pakati pa akatswiri a IT, anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino a digito ndi omwe amakhala ambiri. Awa ndi omwe amamvetsetsa bwino mfundo zomveka zofotokozedwa m'mawu ndi mawonekedwe.

Maganizo okhudzana ndi zolipidwa

Ambiri omwe adafunsidwa adanena kuti maphunziro olipidwa ndi othandiza kwambiri, koma sitinganene kuti izi zimatheka nthawi zonse kudzera muzinthu zabwinoko. Koposa kamodzi panali ndemanga kuti maphunzirowo anatsirizidwa kwathunthu ndipo mpaka mapeto chifukwa chakuti analipidwa.
Sizingatheke kuwerengera molondola mtengo wapakati wa magwero olipidwa a chidziwitso. Mwachidziwitso, zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti mtengo uwu ndi pafupifupi 30-40 tr. ($500). Mitundu yamitengo yomwe idanenedwa ndi omwe adayankha idachokera ku ma ruble 300. mpaka 100 rub.
6% ya omwe adafunsidwa adagula mabuku (6% yokha!). Chotsatirachi chinandidabwitsa ine ndekha. 42% amakonda kuwerenga, koma 6% okha ndi omwe adagula mabuku! Zikuoneka kuti umbava m’derali ukukula kwambiri.

Ngati mumagwira ntchito ku IT, chonde voterani muvoti ili:

Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. Lowani muakauntichonde.

Ndimagwira ntchito ku bungwe lomwe:

41,0%Imapanga ndikugulitsa mapulogalamu akeake (chitukuko chazinthu)75
12,6%Kupanga ndi kugulitsa zida ndi mapulogalamu ndi makina a hardware (chitukuko chazinthu)23
18,6%Kupanga mapulogalamu ndi hardware kuti muyitanitsa (outsource)34
0,6%Amagulitsa mapulogalamu ndi zida za hardware kuchokera kwa opanga ena (wogawa)1
6,0%Amapanga mayankho ovuta kutengera mapulogalamu ndi zida kuchokera kwa opanga ena (ophatikiza)11
1,1%Amaphunzitsa (masukulu, maphunziro, sukulu)2
5,5%Imasunga kapena imapereka maziko a IT ngati kontrakitala10
7,6%Osakhudzana mwachindunji ndi IT, ndikuchita nawo zodzichitira zamkati14
7,1%Osakhudzana mwachindunji ndi IT, ndikutenga nawo gawo pakukonza zomangamanga za IT13