Zikomo kwa wolemba blog chifukwa cha lipoti lake
Mau oyamba
Chikalatachi chinalembedwa pambuyo pa msonkhanowo ndipo lili ndi chidule cha lipoti lomwe ndidalankhula nalo. Chochitikacho chinachitika mu June ku St. Poganizira kuti ndimagwira ntchito kutali kwambiri ndi malo a msonkhano, sindinalephere kupita ku mwambowu. Mu 2016 ndi 2017, ndinamvetsera malipoti a msonkhano, ndipo chaka chino ndinapanga lipoti. Choyamba, nkhani yosangalatsa (monga ikuwoneka kwa ine) yawoneka, yomwe tikukula nayo , ndipo chachiwiri, nditaphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali malamulo a Russian Federation malinga ndi ndondomeko ya chilango, pamakampani omwe ndimagwira ntchito, pali zilolezo ziwiri. .
Ndisanapitirire pamutu wankhani yanga, ndikufuna kuona kulinganiza bwino kwa chochitikacho. Tsamba lochezera la msonkhano limagwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha Kazan Cathedral. Cathedral ndi imodzi mwa malo owoneka bwino a St.
Pakhomo la St. Petersburg State University of Economics, ophunzira adakumana ndi othandizira pakati pa ophunzira - sanalole kuti awonongeke. Pakulembetsa, zikumbutso zazing'ono zidaperekedwa (chidole - chonyezimira, cholembera, zomata zokhala ndi zizindikiro za Wolfram). Kupuma kwa nkhomaliro ndi khofi kunaphatikizidwanso mu ndondomeko ya msonkhano. Za khofi wokoma ndi pies, ndalemba kale pakhoma la gulu - ophika bwino. Ndi gawo loyambali, ndikufuna kutsindika kuti chochitikacho, mawonekedwe ake ndi malo ake zimabweretsa kale malingaliro abwino.
Lipotilo, lomwe linakonzedwa ndi ine ndi Kirill Belov, limatchedwa "Kugwiritsa ntchito Wolfram Mathematica kuthetsa mavuto mu geophysics yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusanthula kwamatsenga kwa data ya seismic kapena "kumene mitsinje yakale inkayenda". Zomwe zili mu lipotili zili ndi magawo awiri: choyamba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms omwe amapezeka pakuwunika kwa data ya geophysical, ndipo kachiwiri, umu ndi momwe mungayikitsire deta ya geophysical mu Wolfram Mathematica.
zivomerezi
Choyamba muyenera kusiya pang'ono mu geophysics. Geophysics ndi sayansi yomwe imaphunzira zakuthupi za miyala. Chabwino, popeza miyala ili ndi katundu wosiyana: magetsi, maginito, zotanuka, ndiye pali njira zofananira za geophysics: kufufuza zamagetsi, kufufuza maginito, kufufuza kwa seismic ... zambiri. Kufufuza kwa seismic ndiyo njira yayikulu yofufuzira mafuta ndi gasi. Njirayi imachokera ku chisangalalo cha kugwedezeka kwa zotanuka ndi kulembetsa kotsatira kuyankha kuchokera ku miyala yomwe imapanga malo ophunzirira. Kusangalatsa kwa kugwedezeka kumachitika pamtunda (ndi ma dynamite kapena osaphulika magwero a kugwedezeka kwa zotanuka) kapena panyanja (ndi mfuti zamlengalenga). Kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kumafalikira kudzera mu makulidwe a miyala, kusinthidwa ndikuwonetsedwa pamalire a zigawo ndi katundu wosiyana. Mafunde onyezimira amabwerera kumtunda ndipo amalembedwa ndi ma geophone pamtunda (nthawi zambiri zida za electrodynamic zochokera kumayendedwe a maginito omwe amaimitsidwa mu koyilo) kapena ma hydrophone panyanja (kutengera mphamvu ya piezoelectric). Pofika nthawi ya mafunde, munthu akhoza kuweruza kuya kwa zigawo za geological.
Zipangizo zokokera sitima yapamadzi
Mfuti yamlengalenga imapangitsa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu
Mafunde amadutsa mu rock mass ndipo amalembedwa ndi ma hydrophone
Chombo chofufuzira cha kufufuza kwa geophysical "Ivan Gubkin" pamalo ochezera pafupi ndi mlatho wa Blagoveshchensky ku St.
Chizindikiro cha seismic
Miyala imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Pakufufuza kwa seismic, choyamba, zotanuka ndizofunikira - kuthamanga kwa kufalikira kwa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu ndi kachulukidwe. Ngati zigawo ziwiri zili ndi katundu wofanana kapena wapafupi, ndiye kuti mafunde "sadzazindikira" malire pakati pawo. Ngati mafunde a mafunde mu zigawozo amasiyana, ndiye kuti kusinkhasinkha kudzachitika pamalire a zigawozo. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa katundu, kumawonekera kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwake kudzatsimikiziridwa ndi chiwonetsero cha coefficient (rc):
pamene Ο ndi kachulukidwe ka thanthwe, Ξ½ ndi liwiro la mafunde, 1 ndi 2 amatanthauza zigawo zapamwamba ndi zapansi.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosavuta komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma sigino a chivomezi ndi ma convolutional model, pomwe zojambulidwa za chivomezi zimayimiridwa chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa ma coefficients owonetsera ndi kugunda kwamphamvu:
kuti (t) - kufufuza kwa seismic, i.e. chilichonse chojambulidwa ndi hydrophone kapena geophone panthawi yolembetsa, w (t) - chizindikiro chopangidwa ndi mfuti yamlengalenga, n (t) - phokoso lachisawawa.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tiwerengere njira yopangira seismic. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito kugunda kwa Ricker komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakufufuza kwa seismic ngati chizindikiro choyambirira.
length=0.050; (*Signal lenght*)
dt=0.001;(*Sample rate of signal*)
t=Range[-length/2,(length)/2,dt];(*Signal time*)
f=35;(*Central frequency*)
wavelet=(1.0-2.0*(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2))*Exp[-(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2)];
ListLinePlot[wavelet, Frame->True,PlotRange->Full,Filling->Axis,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Initial wavelet",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
FillingStyle->{White,Black},ImageSize->Large,InterpolationOrder->2]Chikoka choyamba cha seismic
Timayika malire awiri akuya kwa 300 ms ndi 600 ms, ndipo ma coefficients owonetsera adzakhala manambala mwachisawawa.
rcExample=ConstantArray[0,1000];
rcExample[[300]]=RandomReal[{-1,0}];
rcExample[[600]]=RandomReal[{0,1}];
ListPlot[rcExample,Filling->0,Frame->True,Axes->False,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Reflection Coefficients",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]Mndandanda wa ma coefficients owonetsera
Werengani ndikuwonetsa mayendedwe a seismic. Popeza ma coefficients owunikira ali ndi zizindikilo zosiyana, timapezanso zowunikira ziwiri zosinthana ndi zizindikiritso za zivomezi.
traceExamle=ListConvolve[wavelet[[1;;;;1]],rcExample];
ListPlot[traceExamle,
PlotStyle->Black,Filling->0,Frame->True,Axes->False,
PlotLabel->Style["Seismic trace",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]njira yofananira
Kwa chitsanzo ichi, muyenera kusungirako - zenizeni, kuya kwa zigawo kumatsimikiziridwa, ndithudi, mu mamita, ndipo kuwerengera kwa zivomezi kumachitika pa nthawi. Zingakhale zolondola kwambiri kuyika kuya mu mita ndikuwerengera nthawi yofika podziwa mathamangitsidwe a zigawozo. Pankhaniyi, nthawi yomweyo ndinayika zigawo pa olamulira a nthawi.
Ngati tilankhula za maphunziro a m'munda, ndiye kuti chifukwa chazidziwitso zotere, mndandanda waukulu wa nthawi zoterezi (seismic traces) umalembedwa. Mwachitsanzo, powerenga gawo la 25 km lalitali ndi 15 km m'lifupi, pomwe, chifukwa cha ntchitoyo, mzere uliwonse umakhala ndi selo lalikulu la 25x25 metres (selo loterolo limatchedwa bin), mndandanda womaliza wa data udzakhala ndi ma trace 600000. . Ndi nthawi yachitsanzo cha 1 ms, nthawi yojambula ya masekondi a 5, fayilo yomaliza ya deta idzakhala yoposa 11 GB, ndipo voliyumu ya "yaiwisi" yoyambirira ikhoza kukhala mazana a gigabytes.
Momwe mungagwirire nawo ntchito ?
Phukusi
Kukula kwa phukusi kunayamba pa khoma la VK la gulu lothandizira olankhula Chirasha. Chifukwa cha mayankho a anthu ammudzi, yankho linapezeka mofulumira kwambiri. Ndipo zotsatira zake zidasanduka chitukuko chachikulu. Zogwirizana idasindikizidwanso ndi oyang'anira. Pakadali pano, phukusili limathandizira mitundu iyi ya data yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pamakampani a geological:
- kuitanitsa kwa ZMAP ndi IRAP zojambula zojambula
- kulowetsedwa kwa miyeso ya chitsime mu mtundu wa LAS
- kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa mafayilo a seismic amtunduwo
Kuti muyike phukusi, muyenera kutsatira malangizo omwe ali patsamba lotsitsa la phukusi lopangidwa, i.e. perekani code yotsatirayi mu iliyonse :
If[PacletInformation["GeologyIO"] === {}, PacletInstall[URLDownload[
"https://wolfr.am/FiQ5oFih",
FileNameJoin[{CreateDirectory[], "GeologyIO-0.2.2.paclet"}]
]]]Pambuyo pake, phukusilo lidzayikidwa kufoda yosasinthika, njira yomwe ingapezeke motere:
FileNameJoin[{$UserBasePacletsDirectory, "Repository"}]Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tisonyeze mbali zazikulu za phukusi. Kuyitanira kumapangidwira pamaphukusi muchilankhulo cha Wolfram:
Get["GeologyIO`"]Phukusili limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito . Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wotsagana ndi magwiridwe antchito a phukusili ndi zolemba zomwe sizimasiyana ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera kuchokera ku zolemba za Wolfram Mathematica palokha ndikupereka phukusilo ndi mafayilo oyesera kwa omwe mumawadziwa koyamba.
Fayilo yotereyi, makamaka, ndi fayilo "Marmousi.segy" - ichi ndi chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi gawo la geological, lomwe linapangidwa ndi French Institute of Petroleum. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzochi, opanga amayesa ma aligorivimu awo opangira ma wave field modelling, processing data, seismic trace inversion, etc. Mtundu wa Marmous womwewo umasungidwa m'malo omwe phukusilo lidatsitsidwa. Kuti mupeze fayilo, yesani nambala iyi:
If[Not[FileExistsQ["Marmousi.segy"]],
URLDownload["https://wolfr.am/FiQGh7rk", "Marmousi.segy"];]
marmousi = SEGYImport["Marmousi.segy"]Lowetsani zotsatira - SEGYData chinthu
Mtundu wa SEGY umaphatikizapo kusunga zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana zowonera. Choyamba, pali ndemanga za malemba. Zambiri za malo ogwirira ntchito, mayina amakampani omwe adachita miyeso, ndi zina zambiri alowetsedwa apa. Kwa ife, mutuwu umatchedwa ndi pempho ndi TextHeader key. Nali mutu wamawu achidule:
Short[marmousi["TextHeader"]]"Deta ya Marmousi idapangidwa ku Institute ... liwiro lochepera la 1500 m/s ndi utali wa 5500 m/s)"
Mutha kuwonetsa mtundu weniweni wa geological pofikira zowoneka bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi ya "traces" (chimodzi mwazinthu za phukusili ndi makiyi osamva):
ArrayPlot[Transpose[marmousi["traces"]], PlotTheme -> "Detailed"]Marmous Model
Pakadali pano, phukusili limakupatsaninso mwayi wotsitsa deta m'mafayilo akulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kukonza mafayilo omwe amatha kufikira makumi a ma gigabytes kukula. Phukusili limaphatikizaponso ntchito zotumizira deta ku .segy ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono kumapeto kwa fayilo.
Payokha, ndikofunika kuzindikira momwe phukusili limagwirira ntchito pogwira ntchito ndi dongosolo lovuta la .segy-files. Popeza sizimalola kungopeza zotsatizana, mitu ndi makiyi ndi ma index, komanso kuwasintha ndikulemba motsatira fayilo. Zambiri mwaukadaulo pakukhazikitsa kwa GeologyIO ndizopitilira muyeso wa nkhaniyi ndipo mwina zikuyenera kufotokozedwa mosiyana.
Kufunika kwa spectral kusanthula pakufufuza kwa seismic
Kuthekera kolowetsa deta ya seismic ku Wolfram Mathematica kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe opangira ma siginecha pazoyeserera. Popeza kuti zivomezi zilizonse zimakhala ndi nthawi, chimodzi mwa zida zazikulu zowawerengera ndikuwunika kowonera. Zina mwazofunikira pakuwunika pafupipafupi zomwe zili mu data ya seismic ndi, mwachitsanzo, izi:
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafunde imadziwika ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha mafunde othandiza ndikuletsa mafunde osokoneza.
- Makhalidwe a miyala monga porosity ndi machulukitsidwe amatha kukhudza zomwe zili pafupipafupi. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha miyala yokhala ndi zinthu zabwino.
- Magawo okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana amayambitsa kusanja kwa ma frequency osiyanasiyana.
Mfundo yachitatu ndi yofunika kwambiri mβnkhani ino. Pansipa pali kachidutswa kakang'ono ka kuwerengera zivomezi ngati wosanjikiza ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana - mtundu wa wedge. Chitsanzochi chimaphunziridwa mwachizoloΕ΅ezi mu kufufuza kwa seismic pofuna kuwunika zotsatira zosokoneza pamene mafunde omwe amawonekera kuchokera m'magulu ambiri ali pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake.
nx=200;(* Number of grid points in X direction*)
ny=200;(* Number of grid points in Y direction*)
T=2;(*Total propagation time*)
(*Velocity and density*)
modellv=Table[4000,{i,1,ny},{j,1,nx}];(* P-wave velocity in m/s*)
rho=Table[2200,{i,1,ny},{j,1,nx}];(* Density in g/cm^3, used constant density*)
Table[modellv[[150-Round[i*0.5];;,i]]=4500;,{i,1,200}];
Table[modellv[[;;70,i]]=4500;,{i,1,200}];
(*Plotting model*)
MatrixPlot[modellv,PlotLabel->Style["Model of layer",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]Pinchout Model
Kuthamanga kwa mafunde mkati mwa mphero ndi 4500 m / s, kunja kwa mphero 4000 m / s, ndipo kachulukidwe kake kamakhala 2200 g/cmΒ³. Pachitsanzo choterocho, timawerengera ma coefficients owonetserako ndi zizindikiro za seismic.
rc=Table[N[(modellv[[All,i]]-PadLeft[modellv[[All,i]],201,4000][[1;;200]])/(modellv[[All,i]]+PadLeft[modellv[[All,i]],201,4500][[1;;200]])],{i,1,200}];
traces=Table[ListConvolve[wavelet[[1;;;;1]],rc[[i]]],{i,1,200}];
starttrace=10;
endtrace=200;
steptrace=10;
trasenum=Range[starttrace,endtrace,steptrace];
traserenum=Range[Length@trasenum];
tracedist=0.5;
Rotate[Show[
Reverse[Table[
ListLinePlot[traces[[trasenum[[i]]]]*50+trasenum[[i]]*tracedist,Filling->{1->{trasenum[[i]]*tracedist,{RGBColor[0.97,0.93,0.68],Black}}},PlotStyle->Directive[Gray,Thin],PlotRange->Full,InterpolationOrder->2,Axes->False,Background->RGBColor[0.97,0.93,0.68]],
{i,1,Length@trasenum}]],ListLinePlot[Transpose[{ConstantArray[45,80],Range[80]}],PlotStyle->Red],PlotRange->All,Frame->True],270Degree]Mawonekedwe a seismic amtundu wa wedge
Kutsatizana kwa zivomezi zomwe zawonetsedwa pachithunzichi zimatchedwa gawo la seismic. Monga mukuonera, kutanthauzira kwake kungathenso kuchitidwa pamlingo wodziwika bwino, popeza geometry ya mafunde owonetserako imagwirizana mwapadera ndi chitsanzo chomwe chinatchulidwa kale. Ngati tisanthula zatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane, titha kuwona kuti zoyambira kuyambira 1 mpaka, pafupifupi, 30 sizimasiyana - kuwonekera kuchokera pamwamba pa mapangidwewo komanso kuchokera pachiwopsezo sichimalumikizana. Kuyambira pa 31st, zowunikira zimayamba kusokoneza. Ndipo, ngakhale, muchitsanzo, ma coefficients owonetsera sasintha mozungulira - mawonekedwe a seismic amasintha mphamvu yake pamene makulidwe a nkhokwe akusintha.
Ganizirani kukula kwa chiwonetserocho kuchokera kumalire akumtunda kwa dziwe. Kuyambira pa 60th trace, mphamvu yowonetsera imayamba kuwonjezeka ndipo imakhala yochuluka pa 70th trace. Umu ndi momwe kusokoneza kwa mafunde kuchokera pamwamba ndi pansi pa zigawozo kumadziwonetsera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi zina zikhale zovuta kwambiri mu mbiri ya seismic.
ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[traces[[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],
InterpolationOrder->2,Frame->True,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Amplitude of reflection",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
PlotRange->All]Chithunzi cha matalikidwe a mafunde onyezimira kuchokera kumtunda kwa mphero
Ndizomveka kuti pamene chizindikirocho chimakhala chochepa, ndiye kuti kusokoneza kumayamba kuonekera pazitsulo zazikulu zosungiramo madzi, ndipo pakakhala chizindikiro chapamwamba, kusokoneza kumachitika pamagulu ang'onoang'ono. Nambala yotsatirayi imapanga chizindikiro pa 35Hz, 55Hz, ndi 85Hz.
waveletSet=Table[(1.0-2.0*(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2))*Exp[-(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2)],
{f,{35,55,85}}];
ListLinePlot[waveletSet,PlotRange->Full,PlotStyle->Black,Frame->True,
PlotLabel->Style["Set of wavelets",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
ImageSize->Large,InterpolationOrder->2]Seti yazizindikiro zoyambira zokhala ndi ma frequency 35 Hz, 55 Hz, 85 Hz
Pambuyo powerengera za zivomezi ndikukonza matalikidwe a mafunde owoneka bwino, titha kuwona kuti pafupipafupi mosiyanasiyana kusokonezeka kumawonedwa pamakina osiyanasiyana amadzi.
tracesSet=Table[ListConvolve[waveletSet[[j]][[1;;;;1]],rc[[i]]],{j,1,3},{i,1,200}];
lowFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[1]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
medFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[2]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
highFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[3]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
Show[lowFreq,medFreq,highFreq,PlotRange->{{0,100},All},
PlotLabel->Style["Amplitudes of reflection",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
Frame->True]Zithunzi za matalikidwe a mafunde onyezimira kuchokera kumtunda kwa mphero kwa ma frequency osiyanasiyana
Kutha kuganiza za makulidwe a nkhokwe kuchokera pazotsatira zakuwonera zivomezi ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa imodzi mwantchito zazikulu pakuwunika malo opangira mafuta ndikuwunika mfundo zoyembekeza kwambiri pakuyika chitsime (i.e., madera amenewo pomwe chosungiracho chimakhala ndi makulidwe akulu). Kuonjezera apo, mu gawo la geological pakhoza kukhala zinthu zomwe, mwa genesis, zimayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa makulidwe a dziwe. Izi zimapangitsa kusanthula kwa spectral kukhala chida chothandiza powawerengera. Mβchigawo chotsatira cha nkhaniyo, tidzakambitsirana za zinthu za nthaka zoterozo mwatsatanetsatane.
Deta yoyesera. Kodi angapezeke kuti ndiponso zimene angayang'ane mmenemo?
Zida zomwe zafufuzidwa m'nkhaniyi zidapezeka kudera la Western Siberia. Derali, monga momwe aliyense amadziwira, ndiye dera lomwe limatulutsa mafuta m'dziko lathu. Kukula mwachangu kwa madipoziti kudayamba m'derali m'ma 60s azaka zapitazi. Njira yayikulu yofufuzira ma depositi amafuta ndi kufufuza kwa seismic. Ndizosangalatsa kulingalira zithunzi za satellite za gawoli. Pang'ono pang'ono, zitha kudziwika kuchuluka kwa madambo ndi nyanja, poyang'ana pamapu, mutha kuwona malo obowola bwino, ndipo poyandikira malire, muthanso kusiyanitsa kuyeretsedwa kwa mbiri zomwe zimagwedezeka. kuyang'anitsitsa kunapangidwa.
Satellite chithunzi cha Yandex mamapu - dera la mzinda wa Noyabrsk
Network ya zitsime zitsime pa imodzi mwa minda
Matanthwe okhala ndi mafuta aku Western Siberia amapezeka mozama kwambiri - kuyambira 1 km mpaka 5 km. Voliyumu yayikulu ya miyala yokhala ndi mafuta idapangidwa mu Jurassic ndi Cretaceous. Nthawi ya Jurassic mwina imadziwika ndi ambiri kuchokera mufilimu ya dzina lomwelo. zosiyana kwambiri ndi lero. The Encyclopedia Britannica ili ndi mndandanda wa mapu a paleo omwe amasonyeza nyengo iliyonse ya geological.
Panopa
Nthawi ya Jurassic
Chonde dziwani kuti ku Jurassic, gawo la Western Siberia linali gombe la nyanja (dziko lowoloka mitsinje ndi nyanja yozama). Popeza nyengo inali yabwino, tingaganize kuti malo omwe nthawi imeneyo ankawoneka ngati awa:
Jurassic Siberia
Pachithunzichi, sizinyama ndi mbalame zomwe zili zofunika kwa ife, koma chithunzi cha mtsinje kumbuyo. Mtsinjewo ndi chinthu chomwe tidayimitsapo kale. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ntchito za mitsinje zimalola kuti miyala ya mchenga isanjidwe bwino, yomwe kenako imakhala nkhokwe yamafuta. Malo osungirawa amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa, ovuta (monga bedi la mtsinje) ndipo amakhala ndi makulidwe osinthasintha - makulidwe ake ndi ang'onoang'ono pafupi ndi gombe, ndipo amawonjezeka pafupi ndi pakati pa njira kapena m'madera ozungulira. Choncho, mitsinje yopangidwa mu Jurassic tsopano akuya pafupifupi makilomita atatu ndipo ndi chinthu cha kufufuza nkhokwe mafuta.
Deta yoyesera. Processing ndi zowonera
Tiyeni tisungire nthawi yomweyo zinthu za zivomezi zomwe zasonyezedwa m'nkhaniyi - chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira ndi yofunika - kachigawo kakang'ono kokha ka zizindikiro zoyambirira za seismic ndi zomwe zaphatikizidwa m'malemba a nkhaniyi. Izi zipangitsa kuti aliyense athe kuwerengeranso zomwe zili pamwambapa.
Pogwira ntchito ndi data ya seismic, katswiri wa geophysicist nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera (pali atsogoleri angapo amakampani omwe chitukuko chawo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, monga Petrel kapena Paradigm), yomwe imakulolani kusanthula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data ndikukhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta. Ngakhale zili zosavuta, mapulogalamu amtunduwu alinso ndi zovuta zawo - mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa ma aligorivimu amakono m'matembenuzidwe okhazikika kumatenga nthawi yambiri, ndipo mwayi wowerengera zokha nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa. Zikatero, zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito masamu apakompyuta ndi zilankhulo zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithmic base komanso, nthawi yomweyo, kuchita chizolowezi chochuluka. Mfundoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira ntchito ndi data ya seismic ku Wolfram Mathematica. Sikoyenera kulemba magwiridwe antchito okhudzana ndi data - ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsitsa kuchokera pamawonekedwe ovomerezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms omwe amafunidwa ndikuwayikanso ku mtundu wakunja.
Kutsatira chiwembu chomwe chaperekedwa, tidzayika zoyambira za seismic ndikuziwonetsa :
Get["GeologyIO`"]
seismic3DZipPath = "seismic3D.zip";
seismic3DSEGYPath = "seismic3D.sgy";
If[FileExistsQ[seismic3DZipPath], DeleteFile[seismic3DZipPath]];
If[FileExistsQ[seismic3DSEGYPath], DeleteFile[seismic3DSEGYPath]];
URLDownload["https://wolfr.am/FiQIuZuH", seismic3DZipPath];
ExtractArchive[seismic3DZipPath];
seismic3DSEGY = SEGYImport[seismic3DSEGYPath]Zomwe zidakwezedwa ndikutumizidwa motere ndizomwe zidalembedwa mugawo la 10 ndi 5 kilomita. Zikachitika kuti zomwe zapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kafukufuku wa zivomezi ya XNUMXD (mafunde samalembedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana a geophysical, koma m'dera lonse nthawi imodzi), zimakhala zotheka kupeza ma data a seismic data cubes. Izi ndi zinthu zitatu-dimensional, ofukula ndi yopingasa zigawo zomwe zimakulolani kuti muphunzire za chilengedwe mwatsatanetsatane. Muchitsanzo chomwe chaganiziridwa, tikuchita ndi data yamitundu itatu yokha. Titha kupeza zambiri kuchokera pamutu wamawu, monga chonchi
StringPartition[seismic3DSEGY["textheader"], 80] // TableFormC 1 IYI NDI YOPHUNZITSIRA FAyilo YA GEOLOGYIO PACKAGE TEST
C 2
C 3
C 4
C 5 TSIKU DZINA LA USER: WOLFRAM USER
C6 DZINA LOYANKHULA: KUNA KU SIBERIA
C 7 FILE TYPE 3D SEISMIC VOLUME
C 8
C 9
C10 Z RANGE: FIRST 2200M LAST 2400M
Deta iyi idzakhala yokwanira kuti tiwonetse magawo akuluakulu a kusanthula deta. Zomwe zili mufayilo zimalembedwa motsatizana ndipo aliyense wa iwo amawoneka ngati chithunzi chotsatira - uku ndiko kugawidwa kwa matalikidwe a mafunde owonetseredwa motsatira mzere wowongoka (kuzama kwa axis).
ListLinePlot[seismic3DSEGY["traces"][[100]], InterpolationOrder -> 2,
PlotStyle -> Black, PlotLabel -> Style["Seismic trace", Black, 20],
LabelStyle -> Directive[Black, Italic], PlotRange -> All,
Frame -> True, ImageSize -> 1200, AspectRatio -> 1/5]Chimodzi mwazotsatira za gawo la seismic
Podziwa kuti ndi zingati zotsatizana zomwe zili mbali iliyonse ya malo omwe mwaphunzira, mukhoza kupanga mndandanda wa deta wamitundu itatu ndikuwonetsetsa pogwiritsa ntchito Image3D[] ntchito.
traces=seismic3DSEGY["traces"];
startIL=1050;EndIL=2000;stepIL=2; (*ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π₯ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π³ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ*)
startXL=1165;EndXL=1615;stepXL=2; (*ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Y Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π³ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ*)
numIL=(EndIL-startIL)/stepIL+1; (*ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΈΡ Π₯*)
numXL=(EndXL-startXL)/stepIL+1; (*ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΈΡ Y*)
Image3D[ArrayReshape[Abs[traces/Max[Abs[traces[[All,1;;;;4]]]]],{numIL,numXL,101}],ViewPoint->{-1, 0, 0},Background->RGBColor[0,0,0]]Chithunzi cha XNUMXD cha sesmic data kyubu. (Oima molunjika - kuya)
Zikachitika kuti zinthu za geological zochititsa chidwi zikupanga kusokonezeka kwamphamvu kwa seismic, ndiye kuti zida zowonera zowoneka bwino zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. "Zosafunikira" zigawo zojambulira zitha kukhala zosawoneka, ndikusiya zowoneka bwino zokha. Ku Wolfram Mathematica, izi zitha kuchitika ndi ΠΈ .
data = ArrayReshape[Abs[traces/Max[Abs[traces[[All,1;;;;4]]]]],{numIL,numXL,101}];
Graphics3D[{Opacity[0.1], Raster3D[data, ColorFunction->"RainbowOpacity"]},
Boxed->False, SphericalRegion->True, ImageSize->840, Background->None]Chithunzi cha sesmic data cube pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Opacity[] ndi Raster3D[]
Monga mu chitsanzo chopangidwa, malire a geological (zigawo) okhala ndi mpumulo wosinthika amatha kusiyanitsa pa magawo a kyubu yoyambirira.
Chida chachikulu chowunikira ma spectral ndikusintha kwa Fourier. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza matalikidwe-mafupipafupi sipekitiramu iliyonse kapena gulu lazotsatira. Komabe, mutatha kusamutsa deta kufupipafupi, chidziwitso chimatayika nthawi ziti (werengani, pakuya) kusintha kwafupipafupi. Kuti muthe kuyika kusintha kwa ma siginecha pa nthawi (kuya) kozungulira, kusintha kwa mawindo a Fourier ndi kuwola kwa mafunde kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito kuwonongeka kwa wavelet. Tekinoloje yowunikira ma Wavelet idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pakufufuza kwa seismic mu 90s. Ubwino pakusintha kwazenera kwa Fourier kumaonedwa kuti ndibwinoko kwakanthawi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kachidutswa kotsatirachi, chimodzi mwazotsatira za seismic chikhoza kuwola kukhala zigawo zingapo:
cwd=ContinuousWaveletTransform[seismicSection["traces"][[100]]]
Show[
ListLinePlot[Re[cwd[[1]]],PlotRange->All],
ListLinePlot[seismicSection["traces"][[100]],
PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All],ImageSize->{1500,500},AspectRatio->Full,
PlotLabel->Style["Wavelet decomposition",Black,32],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
PlotRange->All,
Frame->True]Kuwola katsabola kukhala zigawo
Kuti muyerekeze momwe mphamvu yowonetsera imagawidwira panthawi zosiyanasiyana zofika pamafunde, ma scalogram (ofanana ndi spectrogram) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga lamulo, pochita sikoyenera kusanthula zigawo zonse. Nthawi zambiri sankhani chigawo chotsika, chapakati komanso chapamwamba.
freq=(500/(#*contWD["Wavelet"]["FourierFactor"]))&/@(Thread[{Range[contWD["Octaves"]],1}]/.contWD["Scales"])//Round;
ticks=Transpose[{Range[Length[freq]],freq}];
WaveletScalogram[contWD,Frame->True,FrameTicks->{{ticks,Automatic},Automatic},FrameTicksStyle->Directive[Orange,12],
FrameLabel->{"Time","Frequency(Hz)"},LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Bold,14],
ColorFunction->"RustTones",ImageSize->Large]scalogram. Zotsatira zantchito
Chilankhulo cha Wolfram chimagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa wavelet . Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi pagulu lonse lazotsatira kudzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi . Apa ndikofunika kuzindikira imodzi mwa mphamvu za Wolfram Mathematica, luso logwiritsa ntchito kufanana . Mu chitsanzo pamwambapa, palibe chifukwa chofananira - kuchuluka kwa deta sikuli kwakukulu, koma pogwira ntchito ndi ma data oyesera omwe ali ndi mazana masauzande, izi ndizofunikira.
tracesCWD=Table[Map[Hilbert[#,0]&,Re[ContinuousWaveletTransform[traces[[i]]][[1]]][[{13,15,18}]]],{i,1,Length@traces}]; Pambuyo kugwiritsa ntchito ma data atsopano amawoneka ofanana ndi ma frequency osankhidwa. Mu chitsanzo pamwambapa, awa ndi ma frequency: 38Hz, 33Hz, 27Hz. Kusankhidwa kwa ma frequency kumachitika nthawi zambiri pamaziko a kuyezetsa - amalandila mamapu ophatikizika osiyanasiyana pafupipafupi ndikusankha yodziwitsa zambiri kuchokera kumalingaliro a katswiri wa geologist.
Ngati zotsatira ziyenera kugawidwa ndi anzanu kapena kuperekedwa kwa kasitomala, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito SEGYExport[] ntchito ya phukusi la GeologyIO.
outputdata=seismic3DSEGY;
outputdata["traces",1;;-1]=tracesCWD[[All,3]];
outputdata["textheader"]="Wavelet Decomposition Result";
outputdata["binaryheader","NumberDataTraces"]=Length[tracesCWD[[All,3]]];
SEGYExport["D:result.segy",outputdata];Ndi ma cubes atatu oterowo omwe alipo (otsika, apakati, ndi apamwamba), kuphatikiza kwa RGB kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powonera deta palimodzi. Chigawo chilichonse chimapatsidwa mtundu wake - wofiira, wobiriwira, wabuluu. Mu Wolfram Mathematica, izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi .
Zotsatira zake ndi zithunzi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumasulira kwa geological. Meanders, omwe amakhazikika pa odulidwa, amapangitsa kuti azitha kutanthauzira ma paleochannels, omwe amatha kukhala osungiramo madzi ndipo amakhala ndi mafuta osungira. Kufufuza ndi kusanthula ma analogue amakono a mtsinje woterewu kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kudziwa mbali zodalirika kwambiri za meanders. Ma ngalandewo amakhala ndi mizere yokhuthala ya mchenga wosanjidwa bwino ndipo ndi malo abwino osungiramo mafuta. Madera kunja kwa "chingwe" anomalies ndi ofanana ndi masiku ano floodplain deposits. Madipoziti a madzi osefukira amaimiridwa makamaka ndi miyala yadothi ndipo kubowola m'malo awa sikungakhale kothandiza.
Gawo la RGB la cube ya data. Pakatikati (pang'ono kumanzere kwapakati) mtsinje wodutsa ukhoza kutsatiridwa.
Gawo la RGB la cube ya data. Kumanzere mukhoza kufufuza mtsinje wodutsa.
Nthawi zina, mtundu wa data ya seismic umalola zithunzi zakuthwa kwambiri. Zimatengera njira yogwirira ntchito kumunda, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi algorithm yochepetsera phokoso. Zikatero, si zidutswa za mitsinje zokha zomwe zimawonekera, komanso mitsinje yonse yotalikirapo.
Kuphatikiza kwa RGB kwa zigawo zitatu za seismic data cube (gawo lopingasa). Kuzama ndi pafupifupi 2 km.
Satellite chithunzi cha Volga River pafupi Saratov
Pomaliza
Mu Wolfram Mathematica, mutha kusanthula deta ya seismic ndikuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mchere, ndipo phukusi la GeologyIO limapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yosavuta. Kapangidwe ka data ya seismic ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomangira kuti zithandizire kuwerengera (, ,β¦) ndiyothandiza kwambiri ndipo imakupatsani mwayi wokonza zambiri. Pamlingo waukulu, izi zimathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe osungiramo data a phukusi la GeologyIO. Mwa njira, phukusili lingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati pofufuza za seismic. Pafupifupi mitundu yofanana ya data imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu GPR ndi seismology Ngati muli ndi malingaliro amomwe mungasinthire zotsatira, zomwe ma aligorivimu owunikira ma siginecha ochokera ku gulu lankhondo la Wolfram Mathematica amagwira ntchito pazidziwitso zotere, kapena ngati muli ndi ndemanga zotsutsa, chonde siyani ndemanga.
Source: www.habr.com