"Mapulogalamu am'manja oyimirira adzatha m'zaka zisanu," "Tikulowera kunkhondo yozizira pakati pazachilengedwe zazikulu zaukadaulo" - polemba za chilengedwe, ndizovuta kusankha imodzi mwamawu ambiri olimbikitsa, owopseza theka. Masiku ano, pafupifupi atsogoleri onse amalingaliro amavomereza kuti zachilengedwe ndizochitika zamtsogolo, njira yatsopano yolumikizirana ndi ogula, yomwe ikusintha mwachangu dongosolo la "bizinesi - yapadera - kasitomala". Koma nthawi yomweyo, monga zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi malingaliro achichepere komanso otchuka, palibe mgwirizano pa zomwe ziyenera kumveka bwino ndi chilengedwe.
Mukayamba kuwunikanso magwero, nthawi yomweyo zimadziwikiratu: ngakhale m'gawo la akatswiri a IT, pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana komanso otsutsana kwambiri pankhani yachilengedwe. Tidaphunzira nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chofunikira - nthawi ina m'mbuyomu kampani yathu idayamba kukhala ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu komanso kufalikira kwa msika. Kuti tipange njira zathu zanthawi yayitali, tidafunikira kugwirizanitsa ndi kukonza zomwe zikunenedwa za chilengedwe, kuzindikira ndi kuwunika mfundo zazikuluzikulu, ndikumvetsetsa momwe njirayo imawonekera kwamakampani aukadaulo apakatikati pamtundu watsopanowu. Pansipa tikugawana zotsatira za ntchitoyi ndi mfundo zomwe tadzipangira tokha.
Kutanthauzira kwachilengedwe kwa chilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumapita motere: gulu lazinthu zomwe zimalumikizidwa pamlingo waukadaulo kuti zipereke zopindulitsa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Imayika magawo atatu a chilengedwe, omwe, mwazomwe takumana nazo, palibe amene amatsutsa:
- Kukhalapo kwa mautumiki angapo muzolemba zake
- Kukhalapo kwa chiwerengero china cha kugwirizana pakati pawo
- Zopindulitsa pazogwiritsa ntchito
Pamwamba pa mndandandawu, kusagwirizana ndi mikangano ya mawu amayambira. Ndi makampani angati omwe akuyenera kutenga nawo gawo pomanga chilengedwe? Kodi onse amene akutenga nawo mbali ndi ofanana? Kodi angapereke ubwino wanji kwa kasitomala? Kodi njira yoyambira ndi kukula kwake imayamba bwanji? Kutengera mafunso awa, tazindikira malingaliro athu anayi omwe amayimira mitundu yosiyana kwambiri yopangira "kulumikizana" pakati pa gulu lazinthu zotchedwa chilengedwe. Tiyeni tione (ndi kujambula) aliyense wa iwo.
Insularity model
Pamene kufulumira kwa kusintha kwa bizinesi ya digito kunali koyambirira, nthawi zambiri tinkakumana ndi lingaliro la mkati, lotsekedwa la chilengedwe cha bizinesi iliyonse. Pamene mautumiki amasamutsidwa kumalo enieni, zimakhala zosavuta kugwirizanitsa wina ndi mzake ndikumanga malo opanda malire omwe zimakhala zosavuta kuti wogwiritsa ntchito azigwira ntchito. Simuyenera kuyang'ana patali zitsanzo: Dongosolo la Apple likuwonetsa mfundo iyi yofikira konsekonse momveka bwino momwe mungathere. Zonse zokhudza kasitomala, kuchokera ku data yotsimikizika kupita ku mbiri yakale ya zochitika, zomwe zokonda zingathe kuwerengedwa, zimapezeka kwa ulalo uliwonse pa intaneti. Nthawi yomweyo, mautumiki omwe amaperekedwa amakhala osiyanasiyana komanso ogwirizana ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito kotero kuti kufunikira kokopa zinthu za chipani chachitatu zomwe zingasokoneze mgwirizano wabwinowu sizimachitika nthawi zambiri.
Tsopano timakonda kuganizira mfundo yotereyi yachikale (mwa njira, yakhala ikuwonetsedwa kawirikawiri). Akuwonetsa kuchita zinthu zoyenera - kuchotsa njira zosafunikira panjira, kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito - koma pakadali pano izi sizokwanira. Makampani omwe ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuposa Apple sangakwanitse njira yodzipatula kwathunthu, kapena kuyembekezera kuti idzawapatsa mwayi wampikisano pamsika. Masiku ano, chilengedwe chokwanira chiyenera kumangidwa pa ubale wakunja.
Chitsanzo cha Globalization
Chifukwa chake, timafunikira kulumikizana kwakunja, ndi zina zambiri. Kodi mungasonkhanitse bwanji maubwenzi angapo? Ambiri adzayankha: tikufuna malo amphamvu omwe makampani a satana adzasonkhana. Ndipo izi ndizomveka: ngati pali chochita pa gawo la wosewera wamkulu, sikovuta kumanga maukonde a mgwirizano. Koma zotsatira za ndondomeko yotereyi ndizomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe enieni komanso mphamvu zamkati.
Masiku ano tonse tamva za nsanja za monster zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zimatha kuchita chilichonse - zimayimira zotsatira zomveka zachitukuko molingana ndi njira yapadziko lonse lapansi. Posonkhanitsa makampani ang'onoang'ono pansi pa chithandizo chake, bungwe lalikulu limawonjezera mphamvu zake pang'onopang'ono ndikukhala "nkhope" m'madera osiyanasiyana amalonda, pamene malonda ena amatayika mumthunzi wake. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira pulogalamu ya Chinese We-Chat, yomwe imasonkhanitsa mabizinesi ambiri ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana pansi pa mawonekedwe amodzi, kulola wogwiritsa ntchito kuyimbira takisi, kuyitanitsa chakudya, kupanga nthawi yokonza tsitsi ndikugula mankhwala nthawi imodzi.
Kuchokera ku chitsanzo ichi n'zosavuta kupeza mfundo yaikulu: pamene kutchuka kwa nsanja yapakati kufika pamlingo wina, mgwirizano nawo umakhala wodzifunira-wokakamizidwa kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati - ndizosamveka kupeza omvera ofanana kwina kulikonse, ndipo kuzichotsa ku pulogalamu yomwe imalamulira bwino msika, ngakhale zocheperako. N'zosadabwitsa kuti chiyembekezo cha chitukuko chogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo choterocho nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa mantha ndi kukanidwa pakati pa opanga odziimira okha ndi ma studio ang'onoang'ono. Apa ndizosatheka kutenga nawo mbali ndikugwira ntchito molunjika ndi omvera, ndipo zomwe zingatheke zachuma zimawoneka zosamveka.
Kodi nsanja zazikulu zotere zidzatuluka ndikukula? Mwachiwonekere, inde, ngakhale kuti mwina osati kukula kwakukulu koteroko (kuti mutenge gawo lalikulu la msika, zofunikira zina ndizofunikira pamapangidwe ake). Koma kuchepetsa kumvetsetsa kwanu za chilengedwe kwa iwo okha, osaganiziranso njira ina yocheperako, ndi njira yopanda chiyembekezo yowonera zinthu.
Specialization model
Izi mwina ndiye zotsutsana kwambiri pamitundu yonse yomwe tazindikira. Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitsanzo cha mgwirizano, koma, m'malingaliro athu, ali ndi zosiyana zingapo. Chitsanzo chapadera chimapangidwiranso mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati; amalimbikitsanso kuti asamangokhalira kudalira zomwe ali nazo, koma kuti apindule ndi mapulojekiti omwe amagwirizana nawo, koma amalingalira njira yochepetsera komanso yosasinthika kwambiri pakusankha kwawo.
Titha kulankhula za chiwembu ichi pamene kampani ikuphatikiza njira yokonzekera yachitatu yomwe imalola kuti mankhwalawa azigwira ntchito bwino, makamaka kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo. Nthawi zambiri zisankhozi zimakhudzana ndi chitetezo kapena kusungirako deta. Amithenga osavuta atha kuphatikizidwanso pano ndi kusamala, koma ili kale ndi "dera la imvi" pamzerewu ndi mgwirizano - kuphatikiza ndi machitidwe otukuka ngati Trello kapena Slack zitha kuganiziridwa kale ngati kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe chonse. Chiwembuchi timachitcha chitsanzo chapadera, popeza kampaniyo imatumiza nthumwi zodzaza mipata ina pakugwira ntchito kwa chinthucho kwa wina.
Kunena zowona, izi zikugwirizana ndi tanthauzo lathu loyambirira la chilengedwe: dongosolo lovuta la mautumiki angapo omwe amathandizira moyo wa ogwiritsa ntchito (zingakhale zoipitsitsa ngati aika deta yawo pachiswe kapena akalephera kulumikizana ndi kampani pa intaneti). Koma mgwirizano woterewu sumapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito apindule mokwanira: kuchokera kwa kasitomala, kuyanjana kukuchitika ndi ntchito imodzi (ngakhale angapo othandizira "aperekedwa" mmenemo) ndikukwaniritsa chosowa chimodzi, ngakhale bwino. Chifukwa chake, monga mtundu wa insularity, mtundu wapaderawu umapereka, nthawi zambiri, lingaliro loyenera kutulutsa zida zamtundu uliwonse, koma zimalephera pamalingaliro omanga okha zachilengedwe.
Chitsanzo chogwirizana
Tinene kuti wopanga pulogalamu yolondolera ndalama zamagalimoto apanga mgwirizano ndi banki kuti aphatikizire nkhokwe ndi zobwereketsa. Pakali pano, ichi ndi chochitika wamba wamba mgwirizano. Ogwiritsa ntchito akumva bwino pa izi: tsopano, pogwira ntchito imodzi (bajeti), amatha kubisala chinanso chofunikira chokhudzana ndi mitu (kufunafuna ndalama zowonjezera). Kenako wopanga yemweyo adaphatikizira ntchito ina ya chipani chachitatu mu pulogalamuyo kuti adziwitse eni magalimoto zamitengo ndi kukwezedwa kwa ntchito zomwe amafunikira pamalo ogulitsira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mnzake, mwiniwake wa malo opangira magalimoto, anayamba kugwirizana ndi malo ogulitsa magalimoto. Ngati muyang'ana gulu lonse la maulumikizidwe palimodzi, maukonde ovuta a mautumiki "ogwirizana" amayamba kuonekera, kamodzi komwe munthu amatha kuthetsa mavuto ambiri omwe amadza pogula ndi kuyendetsa galimoto - mwa kuyankhula kwina, chilengedwe chaching'ono chokhala ndi kuthekera kwabwino.
Mosiyana ndi chitsanzo cha kudalirana kwa mayiko, kumene mphamvu ya centripetal imagwira ntchito - dalaivala wamphamvu yemwe amagwirizanitsa olowa nawo ambiri ku dongosololi kupyolera mwa iwo okha, chitsanzo cha mgwirizano chimakhala ndi maunyolo ovuta a mgwirizano pakati pa abwenzi. M'makina oterowo, maulalo ndi ofanana mwachisawawa ndipo kuchuluka kwa maulalo omwe aliyense ali nawo kumadalira ntchito ya gulu komanso zenizeni za ntchitoyo. Tatsimikiza kuti ndi mwanjira iyi momwe lingaliro lachilengedwe limapeza mawonekedwe ake athunthu komanso athanzi.
Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale chosiyana?
- Iwo ndi ophatikiza mitundu ingapo ya mautumiki. Pankhaniyi, ntchito zitha kukhala zamakampani omwewo kapena osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngati chilengedwe chokhazikika chikugwirizanitsa mabwenzi omwe amapereka ntchito zofanana, ndiye kuti zimakhala zomveka kunena za nsanja ya aggregator.
- Iwo ali ndi dongosolo zovuta zolumikizira. Kukhalapo kwa chiyanjano chapakati, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa dalaivala wa chilengedwe, n'zotheka, koma ngati ena omwe ali nawo mu dongosololi adzipatula kwa wina ndi mzake, m'malingaliro athu, kuthekera kwa dongosololi sikudziwika bwino. Kulumikizana kochuluka komwe kulipo, mfundo zambiri za kukula zimalembedwa ndikuwululidwa.
- Amapereka mphamvu ya synergistic, ndiye kuti, momwe zinthu zilili pamene zonse zimakhala zazikulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa zigawo zake. Ogwiritsa ntchito amapeza mwayi wothetsa mavuto angapo nthawi imodzi kapena kukwaniritsa zosowa zingapo kudzera polowera kumodzi. Tiyenera kugogomezera kuti zachilengedwe zopambana kwambiri ndizochitapo kanthu komanso zosinthika: sizimangoyika zosankha poyera komanso kuyembekezera chidwi, koma zimakopa chidwi pazimene zikufunika.
- Iwo (monga motere kuchokera m'ndime yapitayi) amalimbikitsa kusinthana kopindulitsa kwa deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza onse awiri kumvetsetsa mochenjera zomwe kasitomala akufuna nthawi iliyonse ndi zomwe ziri zomveka kumupatsa.
- Amathandizira kwambiri kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo kwa mapulogalamu aliwonse ogwirizana: kuchotsera kwaumwini ndi mawu apadera a ogwiritsa ntchito "wamba", mapulogalamu ophatikizana okhulupilika.
- Iwo ali ndi chidwi cha mkati kuti akule - osachepera kuchokera ku gawo linalake la chitukuko. Maziko olimba a deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito, omvera onse komanso chidziwitso cha kuphatikiza kopambana kudzera mu kusanthula kwa mfundo ndi zinthu zomwe zimakopa makampani ambiri. Monga taonera pa zomwe takumana nazo, pambuyo pa milandu ingapo yophatikizika bwino, chidwi chokhazikika pazachilengedwe chimayamba kupanga. Komabe, kukula uku kuli ndi malire - machitidwe ogwirizana amakula mwachilengedwe, osafuna kulamulira msika kapena "kuphwanya" mabizinesi apawokha.
Mwachiwonekere, pakadali pano sizingatheke kuneneratu molondola 100% kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa chilengedwe chomwe chidzafunike kwambiri. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zotheka kuti mitundu yonse ipitirire kukhalira limodzi, ndikupambana mosiyanasiyana, kapena mitundu ina yatsopano ikuyembekezera.
Ndipo komabe, m'malingaliro athu, chitsanzo chamgwirizano chiri pafupi kwambiri ndi kufotokozera tanthauzo la chilengedwe cha chilengedwe, kumene "gawo lililonse limawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha kuyankhulana ndi chilengedwe chonse komanso nthawi yomweyo, kuthekera kwa kupulumuka. kupulumuka kwa chilengedwe kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zamoyo” ndipo, motero, ali ndi mwayi wopambana.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, lingaliro loperekedwa ndilo masomphenya athu a momwe zinthu zilili panopa. Tidzakhala okondwa kumva malingaliro a owerenga ndi zoneneratu pamutuwu mu ndemanga.
Chitsime: www.habr.com