Pa August 25, 1991, patatha miyezi isanu ya chitukuko, wophunzira wazaka 21 Linus Torvalds. mu gulu lankhani la comp.os.minix lonena za kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito a Linux yatsopano, pomwe kumaliza kwa porting bash 1.08 ndi gcc 1.40 kudadziwika. Kutulutsidwa koyamba pagulu kwa Linux kernel kudalengezedwa pa Seputembara 17. Kwambiri anali ndi kukula kwa 62 KB mu mawonekedwe othinikizidwa ndipo anali ndi mizere pafupifupi 10 zikwi za ma source code. Linux kernel yamakono ili ndi mizere yopitilira 26 miliyoni. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2010 wopangidwa ndi European Union, pafupifupi mtengo wopangira pulojekiti kuyambira poyambira yofanana ndi Linux kernel yamakono ingakhale. Madola aku US (kuwerengera kudapangidwa pomwe kernel inali ndi mizere ya 13 miliyoni), malinga ndi kuyerekeza - .
Linux kernel inauziridwa ndi MINIX yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe Linus sanakonde chifukwa cha chilolezo chake chochepa. Pambuyo pake, Linux itakhala pulojekiti yodziwika bwino, osaganizira bwino anayesa kumunamizira Linus kuti amatengera mwachindunji ma code a ma subsystems a MINIX. Kuukiraku kudaipitsidwa ndi Andrew Tanenbaum, mlembi wa MINIX, yemwe adapereka m'modzi mwa ophunzira ake kuti afanizire mwatsatanetsatane Minix code ndi mitundu yoyamba ya Linux. Kafukufuku adawonetsa machesi anayi okha a code block chifukwa cha POSIX ndi ANSI C zofunika.
Poyamba Linus ankaganiza zotcha kernel Freax, kuchokera ku mawu oti "mfulu", "freak" ndi X (Unix). Koma kernel idalandira dzina loti "Linux" chifukwa cha Ari Lemmke, yemwe, atapempha Linus, adayika kernelyo. yunivesite, kutchula chikwatu ndi zosungirako osati "freax", monga Torvalds anapempha, koma "linux". Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti wochita bizinesi wochita bizinesi William Della Croce adakwanitsa kulembetsa chizindikiro cha Linux ndipo adafuna kusonkhanitsa ndalama pakapita nthawi, koma kenako adasintha malingaliro ake ndikusamutsa ufulu wonse ku chizindikirocho kwa Linus. Mascot ovomerezeka a Linux kernel, Tux penguin, adasankhidwa chifukwa chake , unachitika mu 1996. Dzina lakuti Tux likuyimira Torvalds UniX.
Kukula kwamphamvu kwa codebase (chiwerengero cha mizere ya gwero) ya kernel:
- 0.0.1 - September 1991, mizere 10 zikwi;
- 1.0.0 - March 1994, 176 zikwi mizere ya code;
- 1.2.0 - March 1995, 311 zikwi mizere ya code;
- 2.0.0 - June 1996, 778 zikwi mizere ya code;
- 2.2.0 - January 1999, 1.8 miliyoni mizere ya code;
- 2.4.0 - January 2001, 3.4 miliyoni mizere ya code;
- 2.6.0 - December 2003, mizere ya code 5.9 miliyoni;
- 2.6.28 - December 2008, mizere ya code 10.2 miliyoni;
- 2.6.35 - August 2010, mizere ya code 13.4 miliyoni;
- 3.0 - Ogasiti 2011, 14.6 miliyoni mizere ya code.
- 3.5 - July 2012, 15.5 miliyoni mizere ya code.
- 3.10 - July 2013, 15.8 miliyoni mizere ya code;
- 3.16 - August 2014, mizere ya code 17.5 miliyoni;
- 4.1 - June 2015, mizere ya code 19.5 miliyoni;
- 4.7 - July 2016, 21.7 miliyoni mizere ya code;
- 4.12 - July 2017, 24.1 miliyoni mizere ya code;
- 4.18 - Ogasiti 2018, 25.3 miliyoni mizere ya code.
- 5.2 - July 2019, 26.55 miliyoni mizere ya code.
- 5.8 - Ogasiti 2020, 28.36 miliyoni mizere ya code.
Kukula kwa Core Development:
- Linux 0.0.1 - Seputembara 1991, kutulutsidwa koyamba kwapagulu komwe kumathandizira i386 CPU kokha ndikuyambira kuchokera ku floppy;
- Linux 0.12 - Januware 1992, code idayamba kugawidwa pansi pa layisensi ya GPLv2;
- Linux 0.95 - Marichi 1992, idawonjezera kuthekera koyendetsa X Window System, idakhazikitsa chithandizo cha kukumbukira komanso kugawa.
- Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, ntchito idayamba pa stack network. Dongosolo la fayilo la Ext2 linayambitsidwa, kuthandizira mawonekedwe a fayilo ya ELF adawonjezeredwa, madalaivala a makadi amawu ndi olamulira a SCSI adayambitsidwa, kukweza ma module a kernel ndi / proc file system inakhazikitsidwa.
- Mu 1992, magawo oyamba a SLS ndi Yggdrasil adawonekera. M'chilimwe cha 1993, ntchito za Slackware ndi Debian zidakhazikitsidwa.
- Linux 1.0 - Marichi 1994, kutulutsidwa koyamba kokhazikika;
- Linux 1.2 - Marichi 1995, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa madalaivala, kuthandizira nsanja za Alpha, MIPS ndi SPARC, kukulitsa luso la stack network, mawonekedwe a paketi fyuluta, thandizo la NFS;
- Linux 2.0 - June 1996, chithandizo cha machitidwe ambiri;
- Marichi 1997: LKML, mndandanda wamakalata a Linux kernel wakhazikitsidwa;
- 1998: Anakhazikitsa gulu loyamba la Top500 Linux, lopangidwa ndi ma node 68 okhala ndi ma Alpha CPU;
- Linux 2.2 - Januwale 1999, kukonza bwino kwa kasamalidwe ka kukumbukira, kuonjezera chithandizo cha IPv6, kukhazikitsa chowotcha moto chatsopano, kubweretsa kamvekedwe katsopano ka mawu;
- Linux 2.4 - February 2001, chithandizo cha machitidwe a 8-processor ndi 64 GB ya RAM, Ext3 file system, USB support, ACPI;
- Linux 2.6 - Disembala 2003, thandizo la SELinux, zida zosinthira kernel zokha, ma sysfs, makina okonzanso kukumbukira;
- Mu 2005, Xen hypervisor idayambitsidwa, yomwe idayambitsa nthawi ya virtualization;
- Mu September 2008, kumasulidwa koyamba kwa nsanja ya Android yochokera ku Linux kernel kunapangidwa;
- Mu July 2011, patatha zaka 10 za chitukuko cha nthambi ya 2.6.x kusintha kwa nambala 3.x. Chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zili m'malo a Git chafika pa 2 miliyoni;
- M'chaka cha 2015 kutulutsidwa kwa Linux kernel 4.0. Chiwerengero cha zinthu za git zomwe zili munkhokwe zafika 4 miliyoni;
- Epulo 2018 chochititsa chidwi cha 6 miliyoni git zinthu mu kernel repository.
- Mu January 2019, nthambi ya kernel inakhazikitsidwa . Malo osungira afika 6.5 miliyoni git zinthu.
- Kernel 2020 yosindikizidwa mu Ogasiti 5.8 chachikulu kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe a maso onse panthawi yonse ya ntchitoyo.
Source: opennet.ru