Mu February 2019, Yandex idakhazikitsa Workshop, ntchito yophunzitsa pa intaneti kwa omwe akupanga mtsogolo, owunika ndi akatswiri ena a IT. Kuti tisankhe maphunziro oti tiyambe, anzathu adaphunzira msika pamodzi ndi ntchito yowunikira ya HeadHunter. Tidatenga zomwe adagwiritsa ntchito - mafotokozedwe a malo opitilira 300 zikwi za IT m'mizinda kuphatikiza miliyoni kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2018 - ndikukonzekera mwachidule msika wonse.
Momwe kufunikira kwa akatswiri mu mbiri zosiyanasiyana kukusintha, ndi luso lotani lomwe ayenera kukhala nalo poyamba, m'madera omwe gawo la ntchito kwa oyamba kumene ndilokwera kwambiri, malipiro omwe angayembekezere - zonsezi zikhoza kupezeka kuchokera ku ndemanga. Iyenera kukhala yothandiza kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchita bwino mu gawo la IT.
Msika wonse
Kufunika kwa akatswiri a IT kukukulirakulira; pazaka ziwiri zapitazi, gawo lazotsatsa zantchito kwa iwo pazotsatsa zonse pa HeadHunter lakwera ndi 5,5%. Gawo la maudindo otseguka a akatswiri opanda luso mu 2018 linali 9% ya malo onse a IT pamsika; m'zaka ziwiri zakula pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Omwe amakwanitsa kuchita nawo ntchitoyi, pasanathe chaka amasamukira ku gulu lomwe limakhala ndi ntchito zambiri: opitilira theka la zotsatsa zonse pamsika zimaperekedwa kwa akatswiri omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri kapena zitatu.
M'dziko lonselo, malipiro apakatikati a katswiri wa IT chaka chatha anali 92 rubles. Malipiro a akatswiri oyambira ndi ma ruble 000.
Pa milandu yoposa theka, olemba ntchito samawonetsa kuchuluka kwa malipiro. Komabe, m'magawo onse omwe akuganiziridwa (ndi mzinda, zofunikira zofunikira, zapadera) pali chiwerengero chokwanira cha malo omwe ali ndi malipiro otsatsa, zomwe zimatipangitsa kulingalira za mlingo wa malipiro pamsika wonse.
Zigawo zachigawo
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito za IT, ndithudi, zili ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg - mu 2018, olemba ntchito am'deralo adafalitsa malonda a 95 zikwi, 70% ya chiwerengero cha malonda m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Ngati tiyesa kuchuluka kwa ntchito za IT malinga ndi kukula kwa msika wantchito wakumaloko, mzinda wa "IT" waku Russia kwambiri ndi Novosibirsk: chaka chatha panali pafupifupi 72 okhudzana ndi IT pazotsatsa chikwi chilichonse pano. Moscow ndi St. Petersburg akutenga malo achiwiri ndi achitatu.
Kufunika kwa akatswiri a IT kukukula kwambiri ku Perm: poyerekeza ndi 2016, gawo la IT mumsika wamsika likuwonjezeka ndi 15%, mpaka 45 pa zikwi. Moscow ili m'malo achiwiri pakukula kwakukula, ndipo Krasnodar ili pamalo achitatu.
Mulingo wamalipiro ndi gawo la ntchito za akatswiri olowa m'malo zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mzinda ndi mzinda. Amalipira ndalama zambiri ku Moscow ndi St. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo otseguka kwa obwera kumene m'mitu yayikulu, m'malo mwake, ndikotsika kuposa mzinda wina uliwonse wamamiliyoni.
Malipiro ndi zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito m'mizinda yayikulu
Gwirani ntchito m'makampani akunja
Akatswiri a IT aku Russia amalembedwa ntchito osati ndi apakhomo komanso makampani akunja. Malipiro apakatikati pazotsatsa zantchito zotere ndizokwera kwambiri - kuposa ma ruble 220. Komabe, zofunika kwa ofunsira ndizokwera: obwera kumene amangotenga 000% yokha ya ntchito zotere, 3,5% ndi akatswiri omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri kapena zitatu, ndipo zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa zimaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira zinayi.
Zochita
Ntchito ya wopanga mapulogalamu mumzinda waukulu waku Russia nthawi zambiri imakhala yochokera kuofesi komanso yokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, makampani akufunafuna antchito anthawi zonse - kwa sabata lamasiku asanu kapena nthawi yosinthira yokhala ndi masiku abwinobwino. Ntchito yosinthika idaperekedwa mu 8,5% yokha yotsatsa yomwe idasindikizidwa chaka chatha, pomwe ntchito yakutali idaperekedwa mu 9%.
Ogwira ntchito zakutali nthawi zambiri amayang'ana antchito odziwa zambiri: opitilira theka la ntchito zotere ndi za akatswiri omwe ali ndi zaka zinayi. Gawo la ntchito kwa oyamba kumene ndi pafupifupi kawiri kuposa mu IT yonse: zosakwana 5%.
Zofunika
Pali zambiri zapaderazi pamsika wa IT. Pa kafukufukuyu, tidazindikira khumi ndi asanu omwe amafunidwa kwambiri ndikuwerenga okhawo. Polemba pamwamba, tidatsogozedwa ndi mitu yamalonda, ndiko kuti, momwe olemba anzawo ntchito amapangira omwe akufuna. Kunena zowona, izi sizinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, koma mayina apamwamba a maudindo otseguka.
Pa nthawi yomwe adaphunzira, kufunikira kwa akatswiri a IT kunakula, koma izi sizowona kwa akatswiri onse. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale opanga Java ndi PHP akhalabe pakati pa omwe akufunidwa kwambiri pamsika, kufunikira kwawo kwatsika ndi 21% ndi 13%, motsatana, zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Gawo lazotsatsa zotsatsa otsatsa a iOS lidatsika ndi 17%, gawo la ntchito za opanga Android linatsikanso, koma osati kwambiri, ndi zosakwana 3%.
M'malo mwake, kufunikira kwa akatswiri ena kukukulirakulira. Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa DevOps kudakwera ndi 2016% poyerekeza ndi 70. Gawo la ntchito za omanga zodzaza zonse lawonjezeka kawiri, ndipo kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya deta - kuwirikiza kawiri. Zowona, potengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito, izi zapaderazi zimakhala m'malo omaliza 15 apamwamba.
Chitukuko chakutsogolo chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri: pali ntchito zambiri za akatswiriwa kuposa wina aliyense mu IT, ndipo kufunikira kwa iwo kukungokulirakulira - m'zaka ziwiri zakula ndi 19,5%.
Malipiro ndi zofunikira pazantchito zosiyanasiyana
Akatswiri a novice amalembedwa ntchito mofunitsitsa mu sayansi ya deta (kusanthula deta kapena kuphunzira makina): gawo la ntchito za anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana chaka chimodzi zodziwa ntchito pano ndi kotala kuposa msika wonse. Chotsatira pakubwera chitukuko cha PHP ndi kuyesa. Gawo lotsika kwambiri la ntchito (zosakwana 5%) ndi la omwe akuyamba kumene kutukuka kwathunthu ndi 1C.
Malipiro apamwamba kwambiri omwe adaperekedwa mu 2018 anali opanga Java ndi Android; pazapadera zonsezi wapakati anali wopitilira ma ruble 130. Kenako bwerani mainjiniya a DevOps ndi opanga iOS omwe ali ndipakati pamwamba pa RUB 000. Pakati pa akatswiri novice, Madivelopa iOS akhoza kudalira pa mphoto yaikulu: mu theka la malonda iwo analonjezedwa oposa 120 rubles. M'malo achiwiri pali akatswiri a C ++ (RUB 000), ndipo m'malo achitatu pali omanga odzaza (RUB 69).
Mwa maluso omwe olemba anzawo ntchito nthawi zambiri amawalemba kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri, omwe awona kukula kofunikira kwambiri pazaka ziwiri zapitazi ndikuchita bwino mu library yakutsogolo ya React. Pakhala chiwonjezeko chodziwika bwino cha akatswiri omwe amatha kugwira ntchito ndi zida zam'mbuyo - Node.js, Spring ndi Django. Pa zilankhulo zopanga mapulogalamu, Python yakula kwambiri - idayamba kutchulidwa pakati pa maluso ofunikira kamodzi ndi theka nthawi zambiri.
Kuti tipeze chithunzi cha woimira luso lililonse, tinaphunzira kufotokozera ntchito ndikupeza mndandanda wa maluso omwe olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amawalemba kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, tidazindikira maluso omwe kufunikira kwake kudayamba kukula kwambiri chaka chatha. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa chithunzi chotsatira cha wopanga mapulogalamu akutsogolo. Zina zapaderazi zitha kuwonedwa pa .
Source: www.habr.com