Go ndi chilankhulo chaching'ono koma chodziwika bwino. Wolemba Stack Overflow, inali Golang yomwe idalandira malo achitatu pakuwerengera zilankhulo zamapulogalamu zomwe opanga angafune kudziwa. M'nkhaniyi tiyesera kumvetsetsa zifukwa za kutchuka kwa Go, komanso kuyang'ana kumene chinenerochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kuphunzira.
Zakale za mbiriyakale
Chiyankhulo cha pulogalamu ya Go chidapangidwa ndi Google. Kwenikweni, dzina lake lonse Golang ndi lochokera ku "chinenero cha Google". Ngakhale kuti chinenerocho chinatchedwa wamng'ono mu chilengezocho, chaka chino chimasintha zaka khumi.
Cholinga cha omwe adalenga Go chinali kupanga chilankhulo chosavuta komanso chothandiza chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mapulogalamu abwino. Rob Pike, m'modzi mwa omwe adapanga Go, adati Go idapangidwira opanga mapulogalamu apakampani omwe ndi omaliza maphunziro atsopano ndipo amadziwa Java, C, C ++ kapena Python. Kwa iwo, Go ndi chilankhulo chomwe mungachimvetse msanga ndikuchizolowera.
Poyamba, chinali chida mkati mwa Google, koma patapita nthawi chinatuluka kuchokera pansi pa bungwe ndipo chinadziwika kwa anthu.
Ubwino wa chinenero
Golang ili ndi ubwino wambiri, wodziwika bwino komanso wosadziwika bwino.
Kuphweka. Kwenikweni, ichi chinali cholinga chachikulu chopanga chinenerocho, ndipo chinakwaniritsidwa. Go ili ndi mawu osavuta (ndi malingaliro ena) kotero kuti mapulogalamu amatha kupangidwa mwachangu kuposa m'zilankhulo zina. Ndipo pali mfundo ziwiri zosangalatsa apa.
Choyamba, Golang akhoza kuphunziridwa mwamsanga ndi woyambitsa wathunthu mu mapulogalamu - munthu amene sadziwa chinenero chilichonse ndipo akukonzekera kukhala wopanga. Wina akhoza kunena za Go kuti ndizovuta (zonse, ndithudi) monga PHP kapena Pascal, koma zamphamvu monga C ++.
Kachiwiri, Go ikhoza kuphunziridwa ndi “wopanga mapulogalamu apamwamba”, munthu amene amadziwa kale chinenero chimodzi kapena zingapo. Nthawi zambiri, Madivelopa amaphunzira Pitani ataphunzira Python kapena PHP. Kenako, ena opanga mapulogalamu amagwiritsa ntchito Python/Go kapena PHP/Go awiri ndi kupambana.
Ma library ambiri. Ngati mukusowa gawo mu Go, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwamalaibulale ambiri ndikugwira ntchito yofunikira. Go ili ndi mwayi wina - mutha kulumikizana mosavuta ndi malaibulale a C. Pali lingaliro loti Go malaibulale ndi zokutira zama library a C.
Code ukhondo. Go compiler amakulolani kusunga khodi yanu “yoyera.” Mwachitsanzo, zosintha zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zimawonedwa ngati zolakwika pakuphatikiza. Go amathetsa mavuto ambiri masanjidwe. Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya gofmt posunga kapena kupanga. Kukonza kumakonzedwa zokha. Mutha kudziwa zambiri za izi mu phunziroli. .
Kulemba mosasintha. Ubwino wina wa Go ndikuti umachepetsa mwayi wa wopanga kulakwitsa. Inde, masiku angapo oyambilira munthu amene anazoloŵera kutaipa kwamphamvu amakwiya akafuna kulengeza mtundu wa mtundu uliwonse ndi ntchito, komanso china chilichonse. Koma kenako zikuwonekeratu kuti pali zabwino zambiri pano.
. Ntchito yomwe imathandizira kwambiri zolemba zolemba. Ubwino waukulu wa GoDoc ndikuti sigwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo zina monga JavaDoc, PHPDoc kapena JSDoc. Chidachi chimagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso zomwe zimachotsa ku code yolembedwa.
Kukonza ma code. Ndizosavuta kuyisunga chifukwa cha mawu ake osavuta komanso achidule. Zonsezi ndi cholowa cha Google. Popeza kampaniyo ili ndi ma code ambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamapulogalamu, komanso makumi masauzande a opanga omwe amazikonza zonse, vuto la kukonza limabuka. Khodiyo iyenera kumveka kwa aliyense amene amagwira ntchitoyo, yolembedwa bwino komanso yachidule. Zonsezi ndizotheka ndi Go.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, Golang alibe makalasi (pali zomanga, struct), ndipo palibe chothandizira cholowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha code mosavuta. Komanso palibe kuchotserapo, ndemanga, etc.
Kodi mungalembe chiyani mu Go?
Pafupifupi chirichonse, kupatulapo mfundo zina (mwachitsanzo, chitukuko chokhudzana ndi kuphunzira makina - Python yokhala ndi kukhathamiritsa kwapang'onopang'ono mu C / C ++ ndi CUDA ndizoyenera apa).
Zina zonse zitha kulembedwa, izi ndizowona makamaka pokhudzana ndi mautumiki apaintaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, Go ndiyofunika kupanga mapulogalamu onse a ogwiritsa ntchito komanso opanga ma daemoni, UI, ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Kufuna kwa Golang
M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, chinenerocho chimayamba kutchuka kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa makampani omwe alipo pa chithunzi pamwambapa, Mail.ru Group, Avito, Ozon, Lamoda, BBC, Canonical ndi ena amagwira ntchito ndi Golang.
"Tidaganiza zokulitsa bizinesi; ndikofunikira kuti tipange nsanja yatsopano yaukadaulo yomwe iwonetsetse kuti malondawo akukula mwachangu. Timadalira Go chifukwa cha liwiro lake ndi kudalirika kwake, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, omvera omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito, "oimira Ozon adanena mu 2018, kampaniyo itaganiza zosinthira ku Golang.
Malipiro a wopanga Go chaka chatha anali ma ruble 60-140. "Mzere wanga" Poyerekeza ndi 2017, chiwerengerochi chinawonjezeka ndi 8,3%. Kukula kukuyenera kupitilira mu 2019, chifukwa makampani ambiri amafunikira opanga Golang.
Kodi yotsatira?
Kukula kwa Golang sikudzatha. Kufunika kwa akatswiri abwino omwe amadziwa chinenerochi kudzangowonjezereka, kotero sizidzakhala zovuta kwa katswiri (woyamba kapena katswiri) kupeza ntchito. M'malo mwake, mawu awa akadali ofunikira masiku ano, chifukwa pamakhala kusowa kwa omanga pamsika wa IT.
Go ndi yabwino kwa onse oyambitsa mapulogalamu ndi akatswiri omwe amadziwa kale chilankhulo chimodzi kapena zingapo. Pafupifupi aliyense wopanga mapulogalamu amatha kuziphunzira kapena kuziphunziranso.
Nkhaniyo inakonzedwa pamodzi ndi mphunzitsi ku GeekBrains ndi Sergei Kruchinin, zomwe zikomo kwambiri kwa iye!
Source: www.habr.com