Poletsa kuzindikira nkhope, tikuphonya mfundo.

Mfundo yonse yowunikira masiku ano ndikusiyanitsa pakati pa anthu kuti aliyense athe kuchitidwa mosiyana. Ukadaulo wozindikira nkhope ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la dongosolo lonse loyang'anira

Wolemba nkhani - Bruce Schneier, American cryptographer, wolemba komanso katswiri wodziwa chitetezo. Membala wa board of directors a International Association for Cryptological Research komanso membala wa advisory board wa Electronic Privacy Information Center. Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa pa Januware 20, 2020 pabulogu ya wolemba komanso m'nyuzipepala The New York Times.

Madera a nzika zokhudzidwa ku United States ayamba kuletsa umisiri wozindikira nkhope. Iwo analetsedwa mu May chaka chatha. San Francisco, posakhalitsa linatsatiridwa ndi la mnansi Aucklandndipo Somerville и Brooklyn ku Massachusetts (chiletsocho chikhoza kukulitsidwa kwa dziko lonse). Mu Disembala, San Diego idayimitsa pulogalamu yake yozindikiritsa nkhope lamulo latsopanoli lisanagwire ntchito. Zikondwerero zazikulu makumi anayi za nyimbo analonjeza musagwiritse ntchito ukadaulo uwu, koma omenyera ufulu kuyitanitsa chiletso cha dziko lonse. Ambiri osankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti wa demokalase thandizirani kuletsa pang'ono kwa kuzindikira nkhope.

Zoyesayesa izi ndi zolinga zabwino, koma kuletsa kuzindikira nkhope ndi yankho lolakwika ku vuto la kuyang'anitsitsa kwamakono. Kuyang'ana pa njira imodzi yodziwikiratu kumasokoneza chikhalidwe cha gulu lomwe tikumanga, pomwe kuyang'anira anthu ambiri kukukhala ponseponse. M'mayiko ngati China, boma limapanga malo owonetsetsa kuti azilamulira anthu. M'mayiko ngati United States, amapangidwa ndi mabungwe kuti akhudze khalidwe la kugula, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma.

Nthawi zonse, kuyang'anira anthu ambiri masiku ano kuli ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu:

• chizindikiritso;
• mgwirizano;
• tsankho.

Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa iwo mmodzimmodzi.

Kuzindikira nkhope ndiukadaulo womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira anthu popanda kudziwa kapena kuvomereza. Zimadalira kuchuluka kwa makamera owunika, omwe akukhala amphamvu kwambiri komanso ophatikizika, komanso matekinoloje ophunzirira makina omwe angafanane ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi zithunzi zomwe zilipo kale.

Koma iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zambiri zozindikiritsira. Anthu amatha kudziwika patali kugunda kwa mtima kapena kuyendapogwiritsa ntchito laser system. Makamera abwino kwambiri amatha kuwerenga zidindo za zala и iris wa diso kuchokera mtunda wa mamita angapo. Ndipo ngakhale popanda matekinoloje onsewa, tikhoza kudziwika nthawi zonse, chifukwa mafoni athu kuwulutsa ma adilesi apadera a MAC. Timadziwika ndi manambala a foni, manambala a kirediti kadi, ziphaso zamagalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, China chifukwa cha dongosolo lake lonse loyang'anira amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zozindikiritsa.

Tikadziwika, zomwe timadziwa komanso zochita zathu zitha kulumikizidwa ndi zina zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zina. Izi zitha kukhala zosuntha kuti "mutsatire" munthu tsiku lonse. Kapena zokhudzana ndi kugula, kusakatula pa intaneti, ndi omwe timalumikizana nawo kudzera pa imelo kapena macheza. Izi zingaphatikizepo zambiri zokhudza ndalama zomwe timapeza, fuko lathu, moyo wathu, ntchito yathu komanso zokonda zathu. Pali bizinesi yonse ya ma data broker omwe amapanga moyo wawo kusanthula ndi kuwonjezera deta za omwe ndife - kugwiritsa ntchito deta yowunikira yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa ndi mitundu yonse yamakampani omwe amagulitsidwa kwa ma broker popanda kudziwa kapena kuvomereza.

United States ili ndi gulu lalikulu-ndipo silinayendetsedwe konse - la osintha ma data omwe amagulitsa zambiri zathu. Umu ndi momwe makampani akuluakulu a intaneti monga Google ndi Facebook amapangira ndalama. Sizimangokhudza chizindikiritso. Chachikulu ndichakuti amatha kupanga mbiri yakuya kwa aliyense, kusonkhanitsa zambiri za ife ndi zokonda zathu ndikukulitsa mbiriyi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani ambiri gulani zidziwitso za mbale ya layisensi kuchokera ku maboma. Chifukwa chake makampani ngati Google gulani zolemba zamankhwala, zomwe ndichifukwa chake Google adagula Fitbit pamodzi ndi deta yake yonse.

Cholinga chonse cha ndondomekoyi ndi chakuti makampani - ndi maboma - athe kusiyanitsa anthu ndi kuwachitira mosiyana. Anthu amawonetsedwa zotsatsa zosiyanasiyana pa intaneti ndipo amapatsidwa mitengo yosiyana siyana yama kirediti kadi. Zikwangwani zanzeru onetsani zotsatsa zosiyanasiyana kutengera mbiri yanu. M’tsogolomu, tingadziwiketu tikamalowa m’sitolo, monga mmene timachitira panopa tikamalowa pawebusaiti.

Zilibe kanthu kuti ndi luso lotani lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira anthu. Mfundo yakuti nkhokwe ya kugunda kwa mtima kapena mayendedwe kulibe panopa sizimapangitsa kuti luso lotolera deta lisakhale lothandiza. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, kulumikizana pakati pa ID ndi dzina lenileni zilibe kanthu. Ndikofunika kuti tidziwike nthawi zonse. Titha kukhala osadziwika kwathunthu mu dongosolo lomwe imapatsa wogwiritsa aliyense cookie yapadera ndikutsata zochita zake pa intaneti, koma izi sizimasokoneza njira zofananira zolumikizana ndi tsankho. Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi nkhope. Mutha kuyang'anira mayendedwe athu mozungulira sitolo kapena malo ogulitsira ngakhale osalumikizidwa ndi dzina linalake. Ndipo kusadziwika kumeneku ndi kofooka: tikangogula chinachake ndi khadi la banki, mwadzidzidzi mayina athu enieni amaphatikizidwa ndi zomwe zinali mbiri yosadziwika.

Kuwongolera dongosololi, magawo onse atatu a njira yowunikira ayenera kuganiziridwa. Kuletsa kuzindikira nkhope sikungasinthe chilichonse ngati makina a CCTV asinthira kuzindikiritsa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a smartphone MAC. Vuto ndiloti tikudziwika popanda chidziwitso kapena chilolezo, ndipo anthu amafunikira malamulo okhudza nthawi yomwe izi ndizovomerezeka komanso pamene siziri zovomerezeka.

Momwemonso, timafunikira malamulo a momwe deta yathu ingaphatikizidwire ndi deta ina ndikugulidwa ndikugulitsidwa popanda chidziwitso kapena chilolezo chathu. Makampani ogulitsa deta ali pafupifupi osayendetsedwa; pali lamulo limodzi lokha-lomwe laperekedwa ku Vermont mu 2018-lomwe limafuna kuti ogulitsa deta alembetse ndikufotokozera mwachidule zomwe amasonkhanitsa deta. Makampani akuluakulu owunika pa intaneti monga Facebook ndi Google ali ndi mafayilo atsatanetsatane pa ife kuposa mabungwe azidziwitso a boma lililonse lazaka za zana la 20. Malamulo omveka adzathandiza kupewa kuzunzidwa koipitsitsa.

Pomaliza, tikufunika malamulo omveka bwino okhudza nthawi komanso momwe makampani angasankhire. Tsankho lozikidwa pazikhalidwe zotetezedwa monga mtundu ndi kugonana ndizosaloledwa kale, koma malamulowa sagwira ntchito motsutsana ndiukadaulo wamakono wowunika ndi kuwongolera. Pamene anthu angadziwike ndipo deta yawo ikufanana ndi liwiro komanso sikelo yomwe sitinawonepo, timafunikira malamulo atsopano.

Njira zozindikiritsa nkhope zakhala zikutsutsidwa masiku ano, koma kuwaletsa kumaphonya. Tiyenera kulankhula mozama za matekinoloje onse ozindikiritsa, kulumikizana ndi tsankho. Ife monga chitaganya tiyenera kusankha ngati akazitape oterowo ochitidwa ndi maboma ndi mabungwe adzaloledwa—ndipo mmene timafunira kusonkhezera miyoyo yathu.

Source: www.habr.com