Kusintha kwakukulu pamafayilo apadziko lonse lapansi IPFS 0.5

Yovomerezedwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwatsopano kwamafayilo okhazikika Pulogalamu ya IPFS 0.5 (InterPlanetary File System), yomwe imapanga fayilo yosungidwa padziko lonse lapansi, yoyikidwa mu mawonekedwe a netiweki ya P2P yopangidwa kuchokera ku machitidwe omwe akutenga nawo mbali. IPFS imaphatikiza malingaliro omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale m'machitidwe monga Git, BitTorrent, Kademlia, SFS ndi Webusaiti, ndipo amafanana ndi BitTorrent "gulu" limodzi (anzako omwe akutenga nawo gawo pogawa) kusinthanitsa zinthu za Git. Kuti mupeze IPFS FS yapadziko lonse, protocol ya HTTP ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena ma FS / ipfs atha kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la FUSE. Khodi yoyendetsera ntchito imalembedwa mu Go and wogawidwa ndi pansi pa ziphaso za Apache 2.0 ndi MIT. Kuphatikiza apo ikukula kukhazikitsidwa kwa protocol ya IPFS mu JavaScript yomwe imatha kuyenda mu msakatuli.

Chinsinsi mbali IPFS ndi maadiresi okhudzana ndi zomwe zili, momwe ulalo wopezera fayilo umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zili (kuphatikiza ma cryptographic hash ya zomwe zili). IPFS ili ndi chithandizo chokhazikika chosinthira. Fayiloyo siyingatchulidwenso mwachisawawa; imatha kusintha pokhapokha mutasintha zomwe zili mkati. Momwemonso, ndizosatheka kusintha fayilo popanda kusintha adilesi (mtundu wakale udzakhalabe pa adilesi yomweyi, ndipo yatsopanoyo ipezeka kudzera pa adilesi yosiyana, popeza hashi ya zomwe zili mufayilo idzasintha). Poganizira kuti chizindikiritso cha fayilo chimasintha ndikusintha kulikonse, kuti musasamutse maulalo atsopano nthawi iliyonse, ntchito zimaperekedwa kuti mulumikize ma adilesi okhazikika omwe amaganizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fayilo (IPNS), kapena kupereka dzina lofananira ndi FS yachikhalidwe ndi DNS (MFS (Mutable File System) ndi DNSLink).

Poyerekeza ndi BitTorrent, deta imasungidwa mwachindunji pamakina a otenga nawo gawo omwe amasinthanitsa zidziwitso munjira ya P2P, osamangirizidwa ku node zapakati. Ngati kuli kofunikira kulandira fayilo yokhala ndi zinthu zina, dongosololi limapeza otenga nawo mbali omwe ali ndi fayiloyi ndikuitumiza kuchokera ku machitidwe awo m'zigawo zingapo. Pambuyo potsitsa fayilo ku kachitidwe kake, wophunzirayo amakhala amodzi mwa mfundo zake zogawira. Kudziwa omwe ali nawo pa intaneti omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zili ndi chidwi imagwiritsidwa ntchito tebulo la hashi logawidwa (DHT).

Kwenikweni, IPFS ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati kubadwanso kwina kwa Webusayiti, kuyankha ndi zomwe zili m'malo mwa malo ndi mayina osasintha. Kuphatikiza pa kusunga mafayilo ndi kusinthanitsa deta, IPFS ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko opangira mautumiki atsopano, mwachitsanzo, pokonzekera ntchito zamasamba omwe sali omangidwa ndi ma seva, kapena kupanga magawo ogawidwa. ofunsira.

IPFS imathandiza kuthetsa mavuto monga kudalirika kwa kusungirako (ngati kusungirako koyambirira kutsika, fayilo ikhoza kutsitsidwa kuchokera ku machitidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito ena), kukana kufufuza zokhutira (kutsekereza kumafuna kutsekereza machitidwe onse ogwiritsira ntchito omwe ali ndi kopi ya deta) ndikukonzekera kupeza. pakalibe kulumikizana kwachindunji pa intaneti kapena ngati njira yolankhulirana ilibe bwino (mutha kutsitsa deta kudzera mwa omwe ali pafupi nawo pamaneti akomweko).

Momwemo Pulogalamu ya IPFS 0.5 kwambiri kuchuluka zokolola ndi kudalirika. Maukonde pagulu zochokera IPFS wadutsa 100 zikwi node chizindikiro ndi kusintha IPFS 0.5 kusonyeza kusintha kwa protocol ntchito mu mikhalidwe yotere. Kukhathamiritsa kudali makamaka pakuwongolera njira zosinthira zomwe zili ndi udindo wofufuza, kutsatsa ndi kubweza deta, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito. tebulo la hashi logawidwa (DHT), yomwe imapereka chidziwitso chokhudza ma node omwe ali ndi deta yofunikira. Khodi yokhudzana ndi DHT yatsala pang'ono kulembedwanso, kufulumizitsa kuyang'ana zomwe zili mkati ndi kumasulira kwa IPNS.

Makamaka, kuthamanga kwa ntchito zowonjezeretsa deta kwakula ndi nthawi 2, kulengeza zatsopano pa intaneti ndi nthawi 2.5,
kubweza deta kuchokera ku 2 mpaka 5 nthawi, ndi kufufuza zomwe zili 2 mpaka 6 nthawi.
Njira zokonzedwanso zoyendetsera ndi kutumiza zolengeza zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kufulumizitsa maukonde ndi nthawi za 2-3 chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito bwino bandwidth ndi kufalikira kwa magalimoto kumbuyo. Kutulutsidwa kotsatira kudzayambitsa zoyendera kutengera QUIC protocol, zomwe zidzalola kupindula kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito mwa kuchepetsa latency.

Ntchito ya IPNS (Inter-Planetary Name System), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maulalo osatha pakusintha zomwe zili, yafulumizitsidwa komanso kudalirika kowonjezereka. Pubsub yatsopano yoyeserera idapangitsa kuti zitheke kufulumizitsa kuperekedwa kwa zolemba za IPNS ndi nthawi 30-40 poyesa pa netiweki yokhala ndi ma node chikwi (yapadera idapangidwa kuti iyesedwe. P2P network simulator). Kupanga kwa interlayer kwawonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri
Badger, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi FS. Ndi chithandizo cha zolemba za asynchronous, Badger tsopano ali mofulumira nthawi 25 kuposa flatfs akale wosanjikiza. Kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola kunakhudzanso makinawo Bitswap, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mafayilo pakati pa node.

Zina mwazosintha zantchito, zimatchulidwa za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa TLS kubisa kulumikizana pakati pa makasitomala ndi maseva. Kuthandizira kwatsopano kwa ma subdomain pachipata cha HTTP - Madivelopa amatha kuchititsa mapulogalamu (dapps) ndi zomwe zili pa intaneti m'magawo akutali omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma adilesi a hashi, IPNS, DNSLink, ENS, ndi zina zambiri. Malo atsopano /p2p awonjezedwa, omwe ali ndi deta yokhudzana ndi ma adilesi a anzawo (/ipfs/peer_id → /p2p/peer_id). Thandizo lowonjezera la blockchain-based ".eth" maulalo, omwe adzakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito IPFS muzogawa zogawidwa.

The Startup Protocol Labs, yomwe imathandizira chitukuko cha IPFS, ikupanganso polojekitiyi mofanana. FileCoin, chomwe ndi chowonjezera ku IPFS. Ngakhale IPFS imalola ophunzira kusunga, kufunsa, ndi kusamutsa deta pakati pawo, Filecoin ikusintha ngati nsanja yochokera ku blockchain yosungirako mosalekeza. Filecoin imalola ogwiritsa ntchito omwe sanagwiritse ntchito disk malo kuti apereke kwa maukonde pamtengo, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amafunikira malo osungira kuti agule. Ngati kufunikira kwa malo kwatha, wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kugulitsa. Mwanjira iyi, msika wosungirako malo umapangidwa, momwe malo okhalamo amapangidwira mu zizindikiro Filecoin, opangidwa ndi migodi.

Source: opennet.ru