Mawu ochepa okhudza "chiwerengero chagolide" m'lingaliro lachikhalidwe
Zimakhulupirira kuti ngati gawo lagawidwa m'magulu kotero kuti gawo laling'ono likugwirizana ndi lalikulu, monga lalikulu liri ndi gawo lonse, ndiye kuti kugawa koteroko kumapereka gawo la 1/1,618, lomwe Agiriki akale, kubwereka kwa Aigupto akale kwambiri, otchedwa "golide chiŵerengero." Ndipo kuti nyumba zambiri zomanga - chiŵerengero cha mizere ya nyumba, mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu zazikuluzikulu - kuyambira mapiramidi a Aigupto ndi kutha ndi zomangamanga za Le Corbusier - zinakhazikitsidwa pa gawo ili.
Imafanananso ndi manambala a Fibonacci, ozungulira omwe amapereka chithunzithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha gawo ili.
Komanso, miyeso ya thupi la munthu (kuchokera pansi mpaka mchombo, kuchokera ku mchombo mpaka kumutu, kuchokera kumutu mpaka zala za dzanja lokwezedwa), kuyambira pamlingo woyenera womwe udawonedwa mu Middle Ages (Vitruvian man, etc.), .), ndipo kutha ndi miyeso ya anthropometric ya anthu a USSR, akadali pafupi ndi gawo ili.
Ndipo ngati tiwonjezera kuti ziwerengero zofananira zidapezeka muzinthu zosiyana kwambiri zachilengedwe: zipolopolo za mollusk, makonzedwe a mbewu mu mpendadzuwa ndi mikungudza ya mkungudza, ndiye kuti zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake nambala yopanda nzeru kuyambira 1,618 idanenedwa kuti "yaumulungu" - mayendedwe ake amatha. kutsatiridwa ngakhale ngati milalang'amba yomwe imakokera ku Fibonacci spirals!
Poganizira zitsanzo zonse pamwambapa, titha kuganiza kuti:
- tikulimbana ndi "data yayikulu",
- ngakhale kuyerekezera koyamba, amasonyeza zina, ngati si zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndiye kugawa kwakukulu kwa "gawo la golide" ndi makhalidwe omwe ali pafupi nawo.
Mu chuma
Zithunzi za Lorenz zimadziwika kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti muwone ndalama zapakhomo. Zida zamphamvu zachuma zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukonzanso (decile coefficient, Gini index) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi chikhalidwe ndi zachuma cha mayiko ndi makhalidwe awo ndipo zingakhale maziko opangira zisankho zazikulu zandale ndi zachuma pa nkhani ya msonkho, chisamaliro chaumoyo. , kupanga mapulani a chitukuko cha dziko ndi zigawo.
Ndipo ngakhale mu chidziwitso cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndalama ndi ndalama zimagwirizanitsidwa mwamphamvu, mu Google izi siziri choncho ... Chodabwitsa, ndinatha kupeza kugwirizana pakati pa zithunzi za Lorenz ndi kugawa kwa ndalama kuchokera kwa olemba awiri aku Russia (ndingakhale othokoza. ngati wina amadziwa ntchito zofananira m'magawo olankhula Chirasha ndi Chingerezi pa intaneti).
Yoyamba ndi dissertation ya T. M. Bueva. Zolembazo zidaperekedwa, makamaka, pakukweza ndalama pamafamu a nkhuku a Mari.
Wolemba wina, V. V. Matokhin (malumikizidwe obwereza kuchokera kwa olemba alipo) amayandikira nkhaniyi pamlingo waukulu. Matokhin, wasayansi wamaphunziro a pulaimale, akugwira ntchito yowerengera zowerengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisankho za kasamalidwe, komanso kuwunika kusinthasintha ndi kuwongolera kwamakampani.
Lingaliro ndi zitsanzo zomwe zaperekedwa pansipa zimachokera ku ntchito za V. Matokhin ndi anzake (Matokhin, 1995), (Antoniou et al., 2002), (Kryanev, et al., 1998), (Matokhin et al. 2018) . Pachifukwa ichi, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti zolakwika zomwe zingatheke pakutanthauzira ntchito zawo ndizokhazo za wolemba mizere iyi ndipo sizingaganizidwe kuti ndi zolemba zoyambirira za maphunziro.
Kusasinthasintha kosayembekezereka
Kuwonetseredwa mu ma graph omwe ali pansipa.
1. Kugawidwa kwa ndalama zothandizira mpikisano wa ntchito za sayansi ndi zamakono pansi pa Pulogalamu ya Boma "High-temperature superconductivity". (Matokhin, 1995)
Chithunzi 1. Magawo pakugawa kwapachaka kwa ndalama zama projekiti mu 1988-1994.
Makhalidwe akuluakulu amagawidwe apachaka akuwonetsedwa mu Table 3, pomwe SN ndi ndalama zapachaka zomwe zimagawidwa (mu ma ruble miliyoni), ndipo N ndi kuchuluka kwa ma projekiti omwe amaperekedwa. Poganizira kuti m'zaka zapitayi zolemba zaumwini za oweruza a mpikisano, bajeti ya mpikisano komanso ngakhale kukula kwa ndalama zasintha (kukonzanso kwa 1991 ndi pambuyo pake), kukhazikika kwa ma curve enieni pakapita nthawi ndizodabwitsa. Mbalame yakuda pa graph imapangidwa ndi mfundo zoyesera.
| 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | ||
| S | 273 | 362 | 432 | 553 | 345 | 353 | 253 | X |
| Sn | 143.1 | 137.6 | 136.9 | 411.2 | 109.4 | 920 | 977 | Y |
Table 3
2. Mtengo wopindika wokhudzana ndi malonda a zinthu (Kotlyar, 1989)
Chithunzi 2
3. Kukula kwa malipiro amagulu
Monga chitsanzo chopanga chithunzi, deta inatengedwa kuchokera ku chikalata "Vedomosti: kuchuluka kwa malipiro apachaka pamtundu uliwonse ayenera kukhala nawo" (Suvorov, 2014) ("Sayansi Yopambana").
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Mpunga. 3. Chithunzi cha kuchuluka kwa malipiro apachaka potengera maudindo |
4. Avereji ya ndondomeko ya ntchito ya mtsogoleri wapakati waku America (Mintzberg, 1973)
Chithunzi 4
Ma graph okhazikika omwe aperekedwa akuwonetsa kuti pali njira yokhazikika muzochita zachuma zomwe akuwonetsa. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu pazochitika zachuma, m'malo mwake ndi nthawi yake, ndizotheka kuti kufanana kwa ma grafu kumayendetsedwa ndi chikhalidwe china chofunikira cha kayendetsedwe ka chuma. Osati kwina kuposa zaka masauzande ambiri azachuma, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mayesero ndi zolakwika, anthu a ntchitoyi apeza njira yabwino yogawa zinthu. Ndipo amazigwiritsa ntchito mwachidwi pazochitika zawo zamakono. Lingaliro ili likugwirizana bwino ndi mfundo yodziwika bwino ya Pareto: 20% ya zoyesayesa zathu zimatulutsa 80% ya zotsatira. Zofanana ndi izi zikuchitika pano. Ma grafu operekedwawo amawonetsa chithunzithunzi champhamvu, chomwe, ngati chisinthidwa kukhala chojambula cha Lorentz, chimafotokozedwa molondola ndi alpha exponent yofanana ndi 2. Ndi chiwonetsero ichi, chithunzi cha Lorenz chimasandulika kukhala gawo la bwalo.
Tikhoza kutcha chikhalidwe ichi, chomwe sichinakhale ndi dzina lokhazikika, kupulumuka. Poyerekeza ndi kupulumuka kuthengo, kupulumuka kwa dongosolo lazachuma kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwake komwe kumayenderana ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kutha kusintha kusintha kwa msika.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti kachitidwe kamene kagawidwe ka ndalama kuli pafupi kwambiri (ndi alpha exponent yofanana ndi 2, kapena kugawa kwa ndalama "mozungulira bwalo") ali ndi mwayi waukulu wosungidwa mu mawonekedwe ake. Ndizodabwitsa kuti nthawi zina kugawa koteroko kumatsimikizira phindu lalikulu la bizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, apa. Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kuchokera pazabwino, kumapangitsanso phindu labizinesi (Bueva, 2002).
Table (chidutswa)
| Dzina la famu, chigawo | Phindu (%) | Kupatuka kokwana | |
| 1 | State Unitary Enterprise p/f "Volzhskaya" Volzhsky chigawo | 13,0 | 0,336 |
| 2 | SPK p/f "Gornomariyskaya" | 11,1 | 0,18 |
| 3 | UMSP s-z "Zvenigovsky" | 33,7 | 0,068 |
| 4 | CJSC "Mariyskoe" Medvedevsky chigawo | 7,5 | 0,195 |
| 5 | JSC "Teplichnoe" Medvedevsky chigawo | 16,3 | 0,107 |
| ... | |||
| 47 | SEC (k-z) "Rassvet" Chigawo cha Sovetsky | 3,2 | 0,303 |
| 48 | NW "Bronevik" chigawo cha Kilemarsky | 14,2 | 0,117 |
| 49 | SEC Agricultural Academy "Avangard" Morkinsky chigawo | 6,5 | 0,261 |
| 50 | SHA k-z iwo. Chigawo cha Petrov Morkinsky | 22,5 | 0,135 |
Malingaliro othandiza
Pokonzekera ndalama zamakampani ndi mabanja onse, ndikofunikira kupanga ma curve a Lorenz potengera iwo ndikuyerekeza ndi yoyenera. Pamene chithunzi chanu chikuyandikira kwambiri, m'pamenenso mumakonzekera bwino komanso kuti ntchito yanu idzakhala yopambana. Kuyandikira kotereku kumatsimikizira kuti mapulani anu ali pafupi ndi zochitika zachuma za anthu, zoyikidwa m'malamulo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka monga mfundo ya Pareto.
Komabe, tingaganize kuti apa tikukamba za kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lachuma lokhwima lolunjika pa phindu. Ngati sitikulankhula za kukulitsa phindu, koma, mwachitsanzo, za ntchito yosinthira kampani kukhala yamakono kapena kukulitsa gawo lake pamsika, njira yanu yogawa mtengo idzapatuka pabwalo.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti poyambira ndi chuma chake chenichenicho, chithunzi cha Lorenz, chomwe chikugwirizana ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kupambana, chidzachokanso kuchokera ku bwalo. Zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kupotoza kwa kagawidwe ka mtengo kagawidwe kagulu kumayenderana ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira komanso kutsika kwamakampani. Komabe, popanda kudalira ziwerengero zazikulu zoyambira (zonse zopambana ndi zosapambana), zolosera zokhazikika bwino, zolosera zoyenerera sizingatheke.
Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, kupatuka kwa kagawo kagawidwe ka mtengo kuchokera ku bwalo kupita kunja kungakhale chizindikiro cha kuwongolera mopitilira muyeso komanso chizindikiro cha bankirapuse yomwe ikubwera. Kuti muyese lingaliro ili, malo ena ofotokozera amafunikanso, omwe, monga momwe amayambira, sizingatheke kukhalapo pagulu.
M'malo mapeto
Zolemba zazikulu zoyambirira pamutuwu zidayamba ku 1995 (Matokhin, 1995). Ndipo chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha ntchitozi, ngakhale zili zonse komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwatsopano kwa zitsanzo ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi akatswiri azachuma, zimakhalabe chinsinsi ...
Source: www.habr.com