Kuyenda mlengalenga ndi nthawi

Munthu nthawi zonse amatengeka ndi chilakolako chosadziwika, ngakhale ali ndi neurotransmitter yapadera - dopamine, yomwe imachititsa kuti munthu adziwe zambiri. Ubongo umafunika nthawi zonse mtsinje wa deta yatsopano, ndipo ngakhale deta iyi siikufunika kuti ipulumuke, zimangochitika kuti pali njira ndipo lingakhale tchimo kuti musagwiritse ntchito.

M’nkhani ili m’munsiyi, ndikufuna kufotokoza njira zongopeka za sayansi zoyendera ku nyenyezi zakutali ndi milalang’amba zomwe zilipo panopa mogwirizana ndi nthanthi za sayansi ndi zongoyerekezera.

Tikayang’anizana ndi mlengalenga, zochita za anthu zambiri zimaoneka ngati zazing’ono, ngakhale zazing’ono. Carl Sagan, 1980

Munthu aliyense kamodzi m'moyo wake adakweza mutu wake madzulo otentha m'chilimwe ndikuyang'ana nyenyezi. Kuzama kwa danga kumakopa ndi kudzutsa mantha, kwa ena, kachiwiri, kwa kanthawi kochepa, ndi kwa ena kwa moyo wonse.

Ndi chiyani pamenepo? Kodi kuli moyo kumeneko? Ndipo ndi zozizwitsa zotani zomwe zingakhalepo pa maiko osawerengekawa?

Inde, njira yokhayo yopitira kumeneko ndikudziwa ndikudutsa nthawi yamlengalenga kupita ku nyenyezi zakutali izi, mapulaneti, nebulae komanso MGALAXI.

Koma kalanga ndi nthawi - nthawi si yoyenera. Malo okhawo omwe matekinoloje athu oyendayenda adafikira sipatali kwambiri ndi solar system, chifukwa cha zodziwikiratu za polojekiti ya Voyager, yomwe Voyager 1 idakhazikitsidwa mu 1977!

Koma kuti tilankhule mozama za maiko ena, timafunikira liwiro lofanana ndi liwiro la kuwala, komanso superluminal.

Nchiyani chakuletsa iwe?

Chilichonse ndi chosavuta pano - malamulo afizikiki, ndi ofunikira pamenepo.

Lamulo la Causality

Mfundo ndi yakuti zotsatira zake sizingayambe chifukwa. Palibe amene anaonapo kuti, mwachitsanzo, bakha anayamba kugwa n’kufa kenako mlenjeyo anawombera. Pa liwiro loposa C, kutsatizana kwa zochitika kumasinthidwa, tepi ya nthawi imabwezeretsedwanso. Izi ndizosavuta kutsimikizira kuchokera kumalingaliro osavuta awa.

Tiyerekeze kuti tili pa chombo china chomwe chikuyenda mwachangu kuposa kuwala. Ndiyeno pang’onopang’ono tinkapeza kuwala kumene gwerolo linatulutsa kale ndi kale. Choyamba, titha kuona ma photon omwe atulutsidwa, kunena kuti, dzulo, kenako omwe adatulutsa dzulo, ndiye mlungu, mwezi, chaka chapitacho, ndi zina zotero. Ngati gwero la kuwala likanakhala kalilole wonyezimira moyo, ndiye kuti tikanayamba kuona zochitika dzulo, kenako dzulo, ndi zina zotero. Tikhoza kuona, kunena kuti, munthu wachikulire amene pang’onopang’ono amasanduka munthu wazaka zapakati, kenako n’kukhala mnyamata, n’kukhala wachinyamata, kukhala mwana. zakale. Zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake zikanasintha malo.

Zoletsa za Old Albert

(Special theory of relativity)

Kuphatikiza pa vuto la causality, chilengedwe chakhazikitsa zinthu zovuta kwambiri: kuyenda osati pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri sikungatheke, komanso pa liwiro lofanana ndi liwiro la kuwala - likhoza kutheka. njira. Kuchokera ku chiphunzitso cha relativity kumatsatira kuti pamene liwiro lowonjezereka zochitika zitatu zimachitika: misa ikuwonjezeka kusuntha chinthu, kukula kwake kumachepa mu njira ya kayendedwe ndi nthawi imachedwa pa chinthu ichi (kuchokera kumalo owonera kunja "kupuma"). Pa liwiro wamba zosinthazi ndizosawerengeka, koma zikafika pa liwiro la kuwala zimawonekera kwambiri, ndipo pamalire - pa liwiro lofanana ndi C - misa imakhala. chachikulu mopanda malire, chinthucho chimataya kwathunthu kukula kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi время Pa iye amaima. Choncho, palibe thupi lanyama lomwe lingafikire liwiro la kuwala. Kuwala kokha komwe kuli ndi liwiro lotere! (Ndiponso tinthu tating'onoting'ono "tonse" - neutrino, yomwe, ngati photon, siyingayende pa liwiro lochepera kuposa C.

Kawirikawiri, kuwonjezera pa zomwe tafotokozazi, pali mavuto ambiri, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi liwiro la kuwala, pamene chinthu cholemera 1 kg chikuwombana ndi mchenga wa mchenga, mphamvu yotereyi imatulutsidwa yomwe imalola matani 10 zikwi. zitsulo zosinthidwa kukhala nthunzi mu sekondi imodzi. Tikayerekeza izi ndi kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa nyenyezi, ndiye kuti mphamvu ya kuphulika idzakhala yofanana kapena kupitirira mphamvu ya zida za nyukiliya zomwe zikuchitika pa Dzuwa.

Koma munthu wanzeru sakwera phiri, wanzeru amazungulira phiri, chifukwa malamulo alipo kuti awaswe... Kungocheza, sungaphwanye malamulo, koma zopeka za sayansi ( ndi pseudo-scientific fiction) zimatipatsa njira zosunthira zomwe zimatilola kulambalala mfundo za SRT.

Njira zoyendera mopitilira muyeso mu nthawi ya mlengalenga

Einstein-Rosen milatho

Einstein-Rosen milatho, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mawormholes kapena mawormholes, mwina ndi njira zodziwika bwino zakuyenda pakati pa nyenyezi - ndipo mwachiwonekere zilipodi. Lingaliro lalikulu la Albert Einstein la relativity linaneneratu za kukhalapo kwa nyongolotsi, ngakhale sizinapezekebe.

Mwachidule, mlatho wa Einstein-Rosen ndi ngalande ya mumlengalenga chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa nthawi ya mlengalenga. Zinthu zazikulu monga nyenyezi kapena mabowo akuda amapindika nthawi ndi malo momwe mpira wa Bowling umapindirira trampoline. Chinthu chachikulu kwambiri chimatha kupindika nthawi ya mlengalenga kotero kuti chimagwirizanitsa mfundo ziwiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakutali.

Tangoganizani kapepala ndi madontho awiri pamenepo. Muyenera kuchoka ku mfundo imodzi kupita ku ina, ndipo ngati mukuyenda mosamalitsa pamwamba pa pepala, "ulendo" uwu utenga nthawi. Komabe, ngati tipinda pepalalo kuti mfundozo zigwirizane ndikuziboola pamalo ano ndi pensulo, ndiye, pogwiritsa ntchito pensulo (kapena mlatho), tidzachepetsa kwambiri mtunda pakati pa mfundozo.

Khomo lolowera m'dzenje la mphutsi nthawi zambiri linkaganiziridwa ngati khomo la ngalande, zomwe zimamveka kupatsidwa dzina. Koma izi ndi maganizo olakwika. Mafilimu "Interstellar" akuwonetsa mfundoyi molondola - kuchokera pakuwona kwa wowonerera mu malo atatu-dimensional, nyongolotsi iyenera kuwoneka ngati gawo.

Mawormholes ndi njira yoyesera yokwaniritsira kuyenda kwapakati pa nyenyezi chifukwa safuna kuti mupite mwachangu kuposa kuwala. Physics imatiuza kuti palibe chomwe chingayende mwachangu kuposa kuwala. Koma ndi nyongolotsi ndizotheka kuyenda mtunda wautali wapakati popanda kuphwanya lamuloli

Kuyendetsa galimoto

Warp, ukadaulo wa FTL womwe uli nawo pano mwayi weniweni kukhala ndi moyo. Warp angatchedwe mosavuta njira yeniyeni yoyendera kuposa liwiro la kuwala kwa onse odziwika. Lolani izo zikhalebe mu mawonekedwe a mapepala pakali pano. Izi ndi za Alcubierre injini.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito imachokera ku njira yolepheretsa Theory Special of Relativity, yomwe imasonyeza kuti palibe chilichonse m'mlengalenga chomwe chingayende mofulumira kuposa liwiro la kuwala. "Njira" ndikuti mawuwa sagwira ntchito ku danga lokha, lomwe lingathe kufota ndi kutambasula kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yokoka, injini ya Warp imakakamiza danga kutsogolo kwa sitimayo ndikukulitsa kumbuyo kwa ngalawayo, kusuntha. kuwira kwa danga wamba pamodzi ndi sitima patsogolo .

M'chilengedwe cha Star Trek, mainjini oterowo amakhala ndi liwiro locheperako malinga ndi mfundo zopeka za sayansi - maulendo a Enterprise anali ochepa pagawo limodzi la mlalang'amba pafupi ndi Solar System (~ 1500 light years), zidatenga zaka ndikusiya malo ambiri opanda kanthu komanso osazindikirika. madera.

Hyperspace

Osati kale kwambiri, kuyesa mwatsatanetsatane zambiri kuchokera ku WMAP spacecraft za inhomogeneities mu kutentha kwa cosmic mayikirowevu maziko cheza, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kuonerera mu phunziro la chilengedwe chathu. Posanthula izi, kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakugawika kwamakona a CMB kusinthasintha kwa ma harmonic otsika kunapezeka. Chimodzi mwa mafotokozedwe a chodabwitsa ichi chinali chiphunzitso chakuti topology ya chilengedwe chathu imasiyana ndi ndege ya mbali zitatu kapena mpira. Poganizira za topology ya chilengedwe chathu mu mawonekedwe a dodecahedron, kuwerengera kwamalingaliro kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi data yoyesera.

“Chilengedwe chathyathyathya chokhala ndi mithunzi itatu chathabwalo chingapangidwe pamaziko a ma cubes, mapaipi aparallelepiped ndi ma prism okhala ndi ma prism okhala ndi magawo atatu. Pankhani ya danga lopindika, gulu lalikulu la ziwerengero lili ndi zinthu zotere. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri omwe adapezedwa pakuyesa kwa WMAP amagwirizana ndi mtundu wa Dodecahedron wa Chilengedwe. Mikhail Prokhorov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, wofufuza wotsogolera ku Dipatimenti ya Relativistic Astrophysics ku Sternberg State Astronomical Institute.

Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kwa kukhalapo kwa ma hyperspace a Chilengedwe, momwe chilengedwe chathu chocheperako chilili, chikuwonetsedwa ndi malingaliro ozikidwa pa data yothandiza pa radiation yakumbuyo ya microwave. Komabe, ngakhale hyperspace ilipo, mtundu wina wa injini yapadera umafunika kuti usunthire pamalowa.

Tangoganizani kuti kutsogolo kwanu kuli chigwa, ndipo mukufunika kukafika kupyola chigwacho. Popeza mutha kungoyenda pamtunda wathyathyathya (mu danga la 2-dimensional), muyenera kuzungulira chopinga kapena kupita kuchigwa, kuwoloka, kenako kukwera. Koma ngati muli ndi ndege yomwe ili nayo yomwe imatha kuyenda mumlengalenga wa 3-dimensional, ndiye kuti mufika komwe muyenera kupita molunjika.

M'malo mwake, hyperspace ili ndi miyeso yosiyana ndi malo wamba a 3-dimensional ndipo kuyenda momwemo kuli kofanana ndi kusuntha kwa nyongolotsi, machubu okha amatha kulumikiza imodzi, koma mfundo zingapo nthawi imodzi, ndikutsegula malo wamba a 3-dimensional. Kuphatikiza apo, kusuntha komweko mu hyperspace kudzakhala kosiyana ndi kuyenda kwa mphutsi (mosiyana ndi zithunzi zodziwika), popeza mawonekedwe amitundu itatu ya chilengedwe "adzaphimba" woyenda mkati mwa njira ya hyperspace. Ndikuganiza ngati izi zingatheke, ndiye kuti chiwonetserochi ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri - nyenyezi zooneka, nebulae kapena magulu onse a mlalang'amba akufalikira pang'onopang'ono ndikutambasula, akusintha phale lamtundu pamene akusunthira kumalo ofiira a cosmological (?).

Lingaliro la kuyenda kwa hyperspace, mwa lingaliro langa, linajambulidwa bwino mu filimu ya 1997 "Contact." (kutengera buku la Carl Sagan, filimuyi inapatsidwa mphoto ya Hugo. Malo a 2 pa mndandanda wa mafilimu odalirika kwambiri a sayansi ya sayansi malinga ndi NASA). Mmenemo, kukhazikitsidwa, zojambula zomwe zinalandiridwa ndi chizindikiro kuchokera ku chitukuko chakunja chomwe chinagwidwa ndi heroine wa filimuyo, chinapanga kusintha ndi mphamvu zachilendo ndipo, chifukwa chake, "adadutsa" kanyumba ndi munthu kudzera mumlengalenga. wa dera. Mwachiwonekere, kanyumbako adagwera mu hyperspace, mu "msewu" wopangidwa kale. Monga momwe zinakhalira, pali ngalande zambiri mumlalang'ambawu ndipo zonse zidapangidwa ndi chitukuko chakale. Chabwino, izi zimachokera ku mawu a woimira mpikisano yemwe chizindikiro chake chinagwidwa ndi heroine wa filimuyo. Ndi zimenezo, anyamata. Inemwini, filimuyi ili pamwamba panga. Koma monga momwe zimasonyezera, si onse omwe amakonda.

Ma teleportation opanda kanthu

Tikudziwa kuti kufotokozera kofala kwambiri kwa teleportation ndikuyenda nthawi yomweyo kwa chinthu chakuthupi mumlengalenga kupita patali.
Munkhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito nyongolotsi, koma takambirana kale, ndiye tiyeni tikambirane njira ina.

Ndipo tili ndi chidwi ndi kutumizidwa kwa zidziwitso za nkhani, mpaka chithunzithunzi cha kuchuluka, dziko.

Njirayi imakhala motere: Thupi lanu limayikidwa pamalo A, omwe amakuyesani mpaka ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tambirimbiri tomwe timapanga, kenaka ndikujambulani kopi yanu. Pambuyo pa izi, gawo la quantum limafalikira mumtsinje umodzi kudzera munjira zolumikizirana. Koma pali vuto pano - ichi ndi kuletsa kufala kwa data yapamwamba kwambiri, malinga ndi SRT, kumbali ina, ngati sayansi ikutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi misa yopumula kapena yongoganiza, monga tachyon, chidziwitso cha chinthucho. imatha kufalitsidwa pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri. Kapena mwina mothandizidwa ndi mafunde okoka (?). Pambuyo pake, pa B, munthuyo amapangidwanso pamlingo wa quantum ndi voila - ali kale komwe akupita. Ndimasiya kulingalira za "moyo" womwe unawonongedwa pakuyika A, popeza ndine wosakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu ndipo sindimaganizira izi (pepani).

Njirayi ndi yabwino chifukwa quantum teleportation ya chinthu chakuthupi sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kupindika kwa nthawi ya danga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Vuto, ndithudi, ndilo kuperekedwa koyamba kwa kukhazikitsa kokha, komwe kudzaberekanso chinthucho pa mfundo B. Koma ikhoza kuperekedwa m'njira zotalikirapo, osati ku moyo umodzi kapena zingapo zaumunthu.

Zeroing mass

Zoyenda mumlengalenga zonse mu chilengedwe cha Mass Effect zimagwiritsa ntchito Element Zero mwanjira ina, zomwe zimapanga Mass Effect yodziwika, mwina kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu mozungulira kapena kukulitsa. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kupotoza chiphunzitso cha Relativity ndikupitilira liwiro la kuwala.

Kuyenda wamba pakati pa mapulaneti ndi nyenyezi zapafupi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito injini za FTL, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa sitimayo. Pamaulendo apamtunda ataliatali, ma Mass Relays amagwiritsidwa ntchito - masiteshoni akulu omangidwa mozungulira ma nuclei owundana okhala ndi ziro. Ma relay nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa kumtundu umodzi kapena zingapo ndipo amatha kupanga njira yomwe misa imasowa, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo kunyamula sitimayo zaka masauzande ambiri.

Zokhotakhota ngati nthawi yotsekedwa

Njira yotsiriza ya maulendo apamwamba kwambiri omwe tidzakambirana akuwoneka poyang'ana koyamba kuti ndi sayansi yaying'ono.

Kwa zaka 55, Dokotala Yemwe wakhala akufotokoza zochitika za nthawi ndi malo a Dokotala ndi anzake aumunthu. Kodi ankayenda bwanji? Bokosi lalikulu la buluu lotchedwa TARDIS (TARDIS - Time and Relative Dimension in Space), lomwe lingathe kuwatengera kumalo aliwonse komanso nthawi iliyonse yomwe akufuna.

Omangidwa (kapena m'malo, obadwa) ndi mtundu wakale wa Time Lords, TARDIS ndi zamatsenga kuposa ukadaulo wa Mass Effect. Monga Dokotala mwiniyo adafotokozera, galimoto yake ndi "yovutirapo, yosasunthika, yosakhalitsa, yosakhalitsa." Zikuwoneka kuti pali kuchedwa kwina pamene mukusuntha mu TARDIS - kutanthauza kuti ili pafupi ndi hyperdrive kuposa teleporter. Koma kwenikweni TARDIS imasowa pano, imawuluka "nthawi ya vortex" ndikuwonekera pamenepo. Ndizo zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Kapena osati? Zikuwoneka kuti TARDIS ili ndi maziko ongoyerekeza kuposa hyperspace.

Mu 2013, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo a Benjamin K. Tippett ndi David Tsang adasindikiza pepala lofotokozera maziko a chiphunzitso chopanga makina enieni a nthawi, i.e. njira yopita ku zakale. Nkhaniyo inaitanidwa "Traversable Achnronal Retrograde Domains in Spacetime" (onani mwachidule).

Tippett ndi Tsang akufotokoza za munthu woyenda nthawi mu mlengalenga wa nthawi yomwe imalowa nthawi yotseka yokhotakhota (zofanana ndi mlatho wa Einstein-Rosen). M’khota uku, woyenda akhoza kupita kulikonse pa nthawi yake, pamene mkati mwa kuwirako, nthawi imaoneka kuti ikupitirira monga mwa nthawi zonse.

Akatswiri awiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo adanenanso kuti ma curve ngati nthawi atha kugawika ndikulumikizana, ndikutsegula mwayi woyenda osati pa nthawi yanu yokha, komanso kulikonse mu nthawi ndi malo.

Chabwino, ndizo zonse zomwe ndingakupatseni.

Ndithudi ndinaphonya chinachake kapena ngakhale kupita patali kwambiri mu malo ongopeka. Chifukwa chake ndikuyembekezera zomasulira zanu mu ndemanga.

Source: www.habr.com