"Underbed" hosting ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la seva yomwe ili m'nyumba wamba yolumikizidwa ndi njira yapaintaneti yakunyumba. Ma seva oterowo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi seva ya FTP yapagulu, tsamba la eni ake, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuchititsa ma projekiti ena. Chochitikacho chinali chofala m'masiku oyambirira a kutuluka kwa intaneti yotsika mtengo yapanyumba kudzera pa njira yodzipatulira, pamene kubwereka seva yodzipatulira kumalo osungirako deta kunali kokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo ma seva enieni anali asanafalikire komanso osavuta mokwanira.
Nthawi zambiri, kompyuta yakale idaperekedwa kwa seva ya "underbed", momwe ma hard drive onse opezeka adayikidwa. Itha kukhalanso ngati rauta yakunyumba ndi firewall. Aliyense wogwira ntchito pa telecom wodzilemekeza anali wotsimikiza kukhala ndi seva yotere kunyumba.
Kubwera kwa ntchito zamtambo zotsika mtengo, ma seva akunyumba ayamba kuchepa kwambiri, ndipo masiku ano ambiri omwe amapezeka m'nyumba zogona ndi NAS yosungira zithunzi, makanema ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza nkhani zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma seva apakhomo ndi mavuto omwe oyang'anira awo amakumana nawo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe chodabwitsachi chikuwonekera masiku ano ndikusankha zinthu zosangalatsa zomwe mungathe kuchititsa pa seva yanu yachinsinsi lero.
Ma seva apakompyuta aku Novaya Kakhovka. Chithunzi kuchokera patsamba nag.ru
Adilesi ya IP yolondola
Chofunikira chachikulu pa seva yakunyumba chinali kukhalapo kwa adilesi yeniyeni ya IP, ndiko kuti, yosinthika kuchokera pa intaneti. Othandizira ambiri sanapereke chithandizo choterocho kwa anthu payekha, ndipo chinayenera kupezedwa mwa mgwirizano wapadera. Nthawi zambiri woperekayo amafunikira kuti atsirize mgwirizano wosiyana wopereka ma IP odzipereka. Nthawi zina ngakhale ndondomekoyi ikuphatikizapo kupanga NIC Handle yosiyana kwa mwiniwakeyo, chifukwa chake dzina lake lonse ndi adiresi yakunyumba zinalipo mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Whois. Apa tidayenera kusamala tikamakangana pa intaneti, popeza nthabwala za "kuwerengera ndi IP" zidasiya kukhala nthabwala. Mwa njira, osati kale kwambiri panali chisokonezo , yomwe idaganiza zoyika zidziwitso za makasitomala ake onse mu whois.
Adilesi Yokhazikika ya IP vs DynDNS
Ndibwino ngati mutakwanitsa kupeza adilesi yokhazikika ya IP - ndiye kuti mutha kuwongolera mayina onse amtunduwo ndikuyiwala, koma izi sizinali zotheka nthawi zonse. Othandizira ambiri a ADSL akuluakulu aboma adapatsa makasitomala adilesi yeniyeni ya IP panthawi yonse ya gawo, ndiye kuti, imatha kusintha kamodzi patsiku, kapena ngati modemu idayambiranso kapena kulumikizidwa kudatayika. Pankhaniyi, ntchito za Dyn (zamphamvu) za DNS zidabwera kudzapulumutsa. Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri , yomwe inali yaulere kwa nthawi yayitali, idapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza subdomain m'derali *.dyndns.org, zomwe zingasinthidwe mwamsanga pamene adilesi ya IP ikusintha. Chilembo chapadera pambali ya kasitomala nthawi zonse chimagogoda pa seva ya DynDNS, ndipo ngati adiresi yake yotuluka inasintha, adiresi yatsopanoyo inakhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo mu A-rekodi ya subdomain.
Madoko otsekedwa ndi ma protocol oletsedwa
Othandizira ambiri, makamaka ADSL yayikulu, anali kutsutsana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amakhala ndi maadiresi awo, motero amaletsa kulumikizana komwe kumabwera kumadoko otchuka monga HTTP. Pali zochitika zodziwika pomwe opereka chithandizo adatseka madoko a maseva amasewera, monga Counter-Strike ndi Half-Life. Mchitidwe umenewu ukadali wotchuka mpaka pano, umene nthawi zina umayambitsa mavuto. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi onse opereka chithandizo amaletsa madoko a RPC ndi NetBios Windows (135-139 ndi 445) kuti ateteze kufalikira kwa ma virus, komanso madoko omwe amabwera pafupipafupi a Email SMTP, POP3, IMAP protocol.
Othandizira omwe amapereka ma telefoni a IP kuphatikiza pa intaneti amakonda kutsekereza madoko a SIP kuti akakamize makasitomala kugwiritsa ntchito ma telefoni awo okha.
PTR ndi kutumiza makalata
Kukhala ndi seva yanu yamakalata ndi mutu waukulu wosiyana. Kusunga seva yanu ya imelo pansi pa bedi lanu yomwe ili pansi paulamuliro wanu ndi lingaliro loyesa kwambiri. Koma kukhazikitsa muzochita sikunali kotheka nthawi zonse. Ma adilesi ambiri apanyumba a ISP atsekedwa kwathunthu pamndandanda wa sipamu (), kotero maseva amakalata amangokana kuvomereza ma SMTP omwe akubwera kuchokera ku ma adilesi a IP a opereka kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, zinali zosatheka kutumiza kalata kuchokera ku seva yotere.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mutumize bwino makalata, kunali koyenera kukhazikitsa zolemba zolondola za PTR pa adilesi ya IP, ndiye kuti, kutembenuka kwa adilesi ya IP kukhala dzina la domain. Ambiri opereka chithandizo adavomereza izi pokhapokha ndi mgwirizano wapadera kapena pomaliza mgwirizano wosiyana.
Tikuyang'ana ma seva oyandikana nawo apansi pa bedi
Pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba za PTR, titha kuwona kuti ndi ndani mwa anansi athu ndi ma adilesi a IP omwe adavomera kukhazikitsa mbiri yapadera ya DNS ya IP yawo. Kuti muchite izi, tengani adilesi yathu ya IP ndikuyendetsa lamulo lake ndani, ndipo timapeza maadiresi osiyanasiyana omwe wopereka amapereka kwa makasitomala. Pakhoza kukhala mitundu yambiri yotere, koma chifukwa choyesera, tiyeni tiwone chimodzi.
Kwa ife, uyu ndiye Wopereka Online (Rostelecom). Tiyeni tipite ndikupeza adilesi yathu ya IP:
Mwa njira, Paintaneti ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amapereka omwe nthawi zonse amapereka IP yokhazikika kwa makasitomala, ngakhale opanda ma adilesi odzipereka a IP. Komabe, adilesiyo sangasinthe kwa miyezi ingapo.
Tiyeni tithetse ma adilesi onse 95.84.192.0/18 (pafupifupi ma adilesi 16) pogwiritsa ntchito nmap. Njira -sL kwenikweni sasanthula makamu, koma amangotumiza mafunso a DNS, ndiye muzotsatira zake tidzangowona mizere yokhala ndi domain yolumikizidwa ndi adilesi ya IP.
$ nmap -sL -vvv 95.84.192.0/18
......
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-131.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.131)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-132.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.132)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-133.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.133)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-134.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.134)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-135.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.135)
Nmap scan report for mx2.merpassa.ru (95.84.195.136)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-137.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.137)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-138.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.138)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-139.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.139)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-140.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.140)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-141.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.141)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-142.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.142)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-143.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.143)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-144.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.144)
.....
Pafupifupi ma adilesi onse ali ndi mbiri ya PTR ngati broadband-address.ip.moscow.rt.ru kupatula zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza mx2.merpassa.ru. Kutengera subdomain ya mx, iyi ndi seva yamakalata (kusinthana kwamakalata). Tiyeni tiyese kuyang'ana adilesi iyi muutumiki
Zitha kuwoneka kuti mitundu yonse ya IP ili pamndandanda wanthawi zonse, ndipo zilembo zotumizidwa kuchokera pa seva iyi sizifika kwa wolandila. Ganizirani izi posankha seva yotumizira makalata.
Kusunga seva yamakalata mumtundu wa IP wa omwe akukusamalirani kunyumba nthawi zonse kumakhala koyipa. Seva yotereyi imakhala ndi zovuta kutumiza ndi kulandira makalata. Kumbukirani izi ngati woyang'anira dongosolo lanu akuwonetsa kutumiza maimelo mwachindunji pa adilesi ya IP yaofesi.
Gwiritsani ntchito kuchititsa kwenikweni kapena ntchito ya imelo. Mwanjira iyi mudzafunika kuyimba foni pafupipafupi kuti muwone ngati makalata anu afika.
Kusunga pa WiFi rauta
Kubwera kwa makompyuta a board amodzi ngati Raspberry Pi, sizodabwitsa kuwona tsamba lawebusayiti likuyenda pa chipangizo chofanana ndi paketi ya ndudu, koma ngakhale Raspberry Pi isanachitike, okonda anali kuthamanga masamba akunyumba molunjika pa rauta ya WiFi!
Routa yodziwika bwino ya WRT54G, yomwe idayambitsa ntchito ya OpenWRT mu 2004
Routa ya Linksys WRT54G, pomwe polojekiti ya OpenWRT idayambira, inalibe madoko a USB, koma amisiri adapeza zikhomo za GPIO zogulitsidwa zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati SPI. Umu ndi momwe mod idawonekera yomwe imawonjezera khadi ya SD ku chipangizocho. Izi zinatsegula ufulu wochuluka wa kulenga. Mutha kuphatikiza PHP yonse! Ine pandekha ndikukumbukira momwe, pafupifupi osadziwa kugulitsa, ndinagulitsa khadi la SD ku rauta iyi. Pambuyo pake, madoko a USB adzawonekera mu ma routers ndipo mutha kungoyika choyendetsa.
M'mbuyomu, panali ma projekiti angapo pa intaneti omwe adakhazikitsidwa kwathunthu pa rauta yakunyumba ya WiFi; pakhala chidziwitso pansipa. Tsoka ilo, sindinapeze tsamba limodzi. Mwina mukudziwa izi?
Makabati a seva kuchokera ku matebulo a IKEA
Tsiku lina, wina adapeza kuti tebulo lodziwika bwino la khofi lochokera ku IKEA lotchedwa Lack limagwira ntchito bwino ngati rack ya ma seva wamba a 19-inch. Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wa $ 9, tebulo ili lakhala lodziwika kwambiri popanga malo opangira data kunyumba. Njira yoyika iyi imatchedwa .
Tebulo la Ikea Lakk ndilabwino m'malo mwa kabati ya seva
Matebulo atha kuikidwa chimodzi pamwamba pa chimzake ndikupanga makabati enieni a seva. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha chipboard chosalimba cha laminated, ma seva olemera adapangitsa kuti matebulo agwe. Kuti akhale odalirika, adalimbikitsidwa ndi ngodya zachitsulo.
Mmene ana asukulu ankandibisira Intaneti
Monga momwe ndimayembekezera, ndinalinso ndi seva yanga yapansi pa bedi, pomwe bwalo losavuta linali kuyenda, loperekedwa ku mutu wokhudzana ndi masewera. Tsiku lina, mwana wasukulu waukali, wosakhutira ndi chiletsocho, ananyengerera anzake, ndipo pamodzi anayamba DDoS msonkhano wanga kuchokera ku makompyuta awo akunyumba. Popeza njira yonse yapaintaneti panthawiyo inali pafupifupi 20 Megabits, adakwanitsa kuyimitsa intaneti yakunyumba yanga. Palibe kutsekereza kwa firewall komwe kunathandizira, chifukwa njirayo idatheratu.
Kunja kunkawoneka koseketsa kwambiri:
- Moni, bwanji osandiyankha pa ICQ?
- Pepani, palibe intaneti, akuyesera kundipeza.
Kulumikizana ndi wothandizira sikunathandize, adandiuza kuti si udindo wawo kuthana ndi izi, ndipo amatha kungoletsa magalimoto anga omwe akubwera. Chifukwa chake ndidakhala masiku awiri opanda intaneti mpaka owukirawo adatopa nawo.
Pomaliza
Payenera kukhala zosankha zamakono za P2P zomwe zitha kutumizidwa pa seva yakunyumba, monga ZeroNet, IPFS, Tahoe-LAFS, BitTorrent, I2P. Koma mβzaka zingapo zapitazi maganizo anga asintha kwambiri. Ndikukhulupirira kuti kuchititsa ntchito zapagulu pa adilesi ya IP yakunyumba, makamaka zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutsitsa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito, kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chopanda chifukwa kwa onse okhala mnyumbamo. Tsopano ndikukulangizani kuti muletse kulumikizana komwe kukubwera kuchokera pa intaneti momwe mungathere, kusiya ma adilesi odzipatulira a IP, ndikusunga mapulojekiti anu onse pa maseva akutali pa intaneti.
Tsatirani wopanga wathu pa Instagram
Source: www.habr.com