Ntchito: woyang'anira dongosolo

Nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku mibadwo yakale timamva mawu amatsenga okhudza "kulowa kokha m'buku la ntchito." Zowonadi, ndidakumana ndi nkhani zodabwitsa kwambiri: womanga maloko - womanga malo apamwamba kwambiri - woyang'anira sitolo - woyang'anira zosintha - injiniya wamkulu - wowongolera mbewu. Izi sizingasangalatse m'badwo wathu, womwe umasintha ntchito kamodzi, kawiri, ndi zomwe zilipo - nthawi zina zisanu kapena kupitilira apo. Tili ndi mwayi osati kungosintha kampaniyo, mutha kusintha ntchitoyo ndikuzolowera. Izi zikuwonekera makamaka mu gawo la IT, komwe kuli kusamutsidwa kodabwitsa kwambiri komanso kusintha kwamakadinala kukwera ndi kutsika pamakwerero antchito. 

Kuwona ndondomekoyi, tinazindikira kuti bukhu la ntchito likufunidwa osati kokha ndi ana asukulu omwe amasankha yunivesite, komanso akuluakulu omwe amasankha njira. Chifukwa chake, tidaganiza zolankhula zaukadaulo waukulu womwe ukufunika m'munda wa IT. Timayamba ndi yemwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ife - woyang'anira dongosolo. 

Ziri monga choncho

Ameneyu ndi ndani?

Woyang'anira kachitidwe ndi katswiri yemwe amakonza, kukonza, ndikusamalira zida za IT zamakampani, kuphatikiza ma hardware, zotumphukira, mapulogalamu, ndi maukonde. Zoona, tanthauzo lokhazikika?

Zomwe woyang'anira dongosolo amachita zimadalira kukula kwa kampani, gawo la zochitika, luso ndi luso la woyang'anira yekha. M'malo mopereka tanthauzo, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yeniyeni ya oyang'anira dongosolo.

• Enikey ndi woyang'anira dongosolo la novice yemwe amagwira ntchito zoyambira pakukhazikitsa zida ndi mapulogalamu. Nthawi zambiri wothandizira wamkulu woyang'anira dongosolo kapena woyang'anira mukampani yaying'ono yopanda IT yemwe amatseka zomwe zikuchitika.
• Woyang'anira dongosolo (aka wowona admin) ndi generalist yemwe amayang'anira magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso opanda mavuto a IT, oyang'anira, amawerengera, amayang'anira chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito, amagwira ntchito ndi ma network, ndi zina zambiri. Uyu ndi mulungu wokhala ndi zida zambiri komanso mitu yambiri ya zomangamanga za IT, yemwe amatenga udindo wowonetsetsa moyo wonse wa IT wa kampaniyo. Amapezeka pafupifupi pakampani iliyonse.
• Katswiri wa zomangamanga ndi katswiri yemwe amapanga zomangamanga za IT ndi zomangamanga m'mabungwe akuluakulu.
• Woyang'anira ma netiweki ndi katswiri yemwe akupanga ndikukhazikitsa maukonde akuthupi ndi omveka pakampani, komanso kuyang'anira zolipiritsa, zowerengera ndalama komanso njira zowongolera magalimoto. Amafunidwa m'malo opangira data, ma telecom, mabanki, m'mabungwe.
• Katswiri wodziwa zachitetezo chazidziwitso ndi katswiri yemwe amatsimikizira chitetezo cha zomangamanga za IT pamagulu onse. Ndikofunikira m'makampani omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kuwukira ndikulowa mu netiweki (ndipo izi ndi fintech, mabanki, mafakitale, ndi zina). 

Chifukwa chake, mutasankha kukhala woyang'anira dongosolo, ndi bwino kukonzekera nthawi yomweyo komwe mungapangire, chifukwa simungathe kudyetsa banja lanu ndikupanga ntchito ngati enikei.

Pakufunika kutero?

Ndinganene zimenezo kulikonse, koma likanakhala bodza. Pazifukwa zina, atsogoleri amalonda ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati omwe sali a yatish amakhulupirira kuti chirichonse chikhoza "kuphwanyidwa" mumtambo, ndipo woyang'anira dongosolo akhoza kukhala enikey omwe akubwera. Chifukwa chake, makampani nthawi zambiri amavutika kwambiri ndi zida za IT zopunduka (molondola, chisokonezo cha IT), koma samalemba ntchito woyang'anira dongosolo. Ngati mutha kulowa mu kampani yotere, ndiye kuti mu 99% yamilandu muyenera kuganizira kugwira ntchito pakampani monga chochitikira ndikupita patsogolo, ndipo mu 1% yokha yamilandu yomwe mumatha kutsimikizira bwana, kukhala wofunikira ndikupanga malo abwino a IT okhala ndi zomangamanga zotsimikizika komanso kasamalidwe koyenera (apa ndikufotokozera mwachindunji kuchokera ku chitsanzo chenicheni!). 

Koma m'makampani omwe IT ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la zochitika (kuchititsa, omanga, ndi zina zotero) kapena kutseka ntchito (zotumiza, malo ogulitsira pa intaneti, mabanki, malonda, etc.), woyang'anira dongosolo nthawi yomweyo amakhala katswiri wofunidwa. omwe angakulitse mbali imodzi kapena zingapo. Pamene makina akupitirizabe kutenga makampani, kupeza ntchito za sysadmin zapakati komanso zapakati sizingakhale zovuta. Ndipo mukakhala katswiri wopopera, makampani adzakumenyerani nkhondo, chifukwa pali Enikes ambiri, koma pali akatswiri ochepa, monga kwina kulikonse. 

Pa nthawi yolemba izi pa utumiki "Habr Ntchito" 67 ntchitozokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Ndipo mutha kungowona kuti kufalikira kwa "katswiri" ndikokulirapo: kuchokera kwa wogwira ntchito zaukadaulo kupita kuchitetezo chazidziwitso ndi katswiri wa DevOps. Mwa njira, kugwira ntchito yothandizira ukadaulo poyambira mwachangu kwambiri, mogwira mtima komanso mozama kumapopa maluso angapo omwe ndi ofunikira kwa woyang'anira dongosolo.

malipiro apakati

Tiyeni tionenso za malipiro. "Ntchito ya Habr". 

Tiyeni titenge malipiro apakati osawunikira luso la "System Administrator" ndi "DevOps" malinga ndi data ya theka lachiwiri la 2. Izi ndizopadera zodziwika bwino mu gawo la "Administration", komanso zowulula kwambiri. Tiyeni tifanizire.

Katswiri mlingo

Woyang'anira System

DevOps

wophunzira (intern)

25 900 rubles.

palibe interns

junior (junior)

32 560 rubles.

69 130 rubles.

pakati (pakati)

58 822 rubles.

112 756 rubles.

wamkulu (wamkulu)

82 710 rubles. 

146 445 rubles.

kutsogolera (kutsogolera)

86 507 rubles.

197 561 rubles.

Ziwerengerozo, ndithudi, zimaperekedwa poganizira za Moscow, m'madera momwe zinthu zilili ndizochepa, koma, makamaka, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kofanana. Ndipo zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti kusiyana koteroko kuli koyenera, chifukwa DevOps alidi apamwamba kwambiri pankhani ya luso (ngati tikukamba za ma devops ovomerezeka, osati omwe ali ndi dzina lomwelo).

Chinthu chokhacho chomwe sindingafune kupangira ndikutenga ma devops juns mukamaliza kusekondale. Akatswiri a zaumulungu, omwe sadziwa ma dev kapena ops, amawoneka ochepera kwambiri poyambira, amakula bwino chifukwa chosamvetsetsa komwe angapite ndipo alibe ndalama zokwanira. Komabe, ukadaulo wocheperako uyenera kukhala ndi ma admin odziwa zambiri omwe adutsa pamoto, madzi, mapaipi amkuwa, bash ndi zolemba za PowerShell. 

Zofunikira zofunika kwa akatswiri

Zofunikira kwa woyang'anira dongosolo zimasiyana ndi kampani ndi kampani (wina ayenera kukhala ndi 1C, 1C-Bitrix, Kubernetes, DBMS inayake, ndi zina zotero), koma pali zofunikira zochepa zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakampani iliyonse. 

• Kudziwa ndi kumvetsetsa kwa mtundu wa OSI network, ma protocol oyambira.
• Ulamuliro wa Windows ndi/kapena Unix opareting'i sisitimu, kuphatikiza mfundo zamagulu, kasamalidwe ka chitetezo, kupanga ogwiritsa ntchito, kupeza kutali, ntchito ya mzere wolamula, ndi zina zambiri.
• Scripting bash, PowerShell, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wosinthira ndikuwongolera ntchito zamadongosolo anthawi zonse. 
• Kukonza ndi kukonza PC, hardware hardware ndi zotumphukira.
• Kugwira ntchito ndi kasinthidwe ndi kuwongolera ma netiweki apakompyuta.
• Gwirani ntchito ndi ma seva a makalata ndi ma seva a telefoni.
• Kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu a maofesi ndi ntchito.
• Kuyang'anira maukonde ndi zomangamanga. 

Awa ndiye maziko omwe amayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino komanso molimba mtima. Ndipo sizophweka monga momwe zikuwonekera: kumbuyo kwa chinthu chilichonse pali tchipisi tambiri, zinsinsi zamisiri, zida zofunikira zamapulogalamu, malangizo ndi zolemba. Mwanjira yabwino, gwirani ntchito ndi kudziphunzitsa nokha ndi ntchito yonse mu ntchito yayikulu kwa chaka chimodzi.

Phunzirani kumvetsetsa nthabwala iyi.

Makhalidwe ofunikira

Woyang'anira dongosolo ndi katswiri yemwe sangakhale yekhayekha pakampani komanso malo akatswiri. Nthawi zonse amayenera kulankhulana ndi anthu pafoni komanso pamasom'pamaso, kotero kuti mikhalidwe yodziwika bwino iyenera kugonjetsedwa. Sysadmin iyenera kukhala:

• kupsinjika - kuthana ndi machitidwe osayenera, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi kulumikizana ndi oyang'anira;
• multitasking - monga lamulo, kasamalidwe ka zomangamanga za IT kumaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, yankho limodzi la ntchito zingapo, kusanthula zochitika zingapo nthawi imodzi;
• iwo omwe amadziwa kuwongolera nthawi - kukonzekera kokhazikika kudzakupulumutsani ku ma fakups, kusokoneza ntchito ndi nthawi yomaliza ya ntchito;
• kulankhulana - kumvetsera, kusanthula ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kunena (nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri);
• mwaukadaulo - kalanga, wopanda luso loganiza uinjiniya, mwadongosolo komanso mwadongosolo, palibe chochita pakuwongolera dongosolo.

Kufunika kudziwa zilankhulo zakunja

Ngati kampani ikufuna chilankhulo ndipo imagwira ntchito kwa akatswiri, ndiye kuti woyang'anira dongosolo ayenera kutsatira malamulowa (mwachitsanzo, kampaniyo imapereka ntchito zotumizira kunja kwamakampani akunja). Koma kawirikawiri, woyang'anira dongosolo ayenera kumvetsetsa malamulo oyambirira ndi mauthenga a dongosolo mu Chingerezi - kwa ambiri, izi ndizokwanira.

Komabe, ngati mukufuna kukula pantchito yanu, landirani ziphaso zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Cisco, khalani oyamba kumvetsetsa ukadaulo wapamwamba, mudzafunika Chingerezi osachepera Upper Intermediate. Ine kwambiri amalangiza kupanga ndalama mu chitukuko akatswiri, izi si zina wosangalatsa mlingo, n'zotheka kuti adziwe ngakhale popanda chinenero luso.

Komwe mungaphunzire

Ntchito ya woyang'anira dongosolo ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa palibe zofunikira zophunzitsira kuti alowe mwapadera, chifukwa woyang'anira dongosolo samaphunzitsidwa ku faculty yapadera. Poyamba, zonse zimadalira inu - momwe mwakonzekera kuti mukhale odziwa bwino chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe, kugwira ntchito ndi machitidwe (Windows ndi Unix), zotumphukira, ndi chitetezo. M'malo mwake, kompyuta yanu iyenera kukhala labotale yanu yophunzitsira (kapena bwinonso ngati muli ndi makina osiyana ochita ntchito zotere kuti ntchitoyi isasokoneze ntchito yanu yayikulu ndi kuphunzira).

Kunena kuti woyang'anira dongosolo ndi ntchito yopanda maphunziro ndipo anthu ambiri odziphunzitsa okha ndi achiwembu m'nthawi yathu ino, chifukwa tikuwona mlingo wa otsogolera olipidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake pali seti ya "classic" yoyambira yomwe mudzafunika.

• Maphunziro oyambira, makamaka aukadaulo, amakupatsirani kumvetsetsa zoyambira zamaganizidwe a algorithmic, uinjiniya, zamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri. Idzathandiza kwambiri kumvetsetsa kwapadera ndikufulumizitsa chitukuko chake. Kuphatikiza apo, musaiwale kuti kwa olemba ntchito ambiri aku Russia, diploma akadali chikalata chofunikira pofunsira ntchito.
• Chitsimikizo chimodzi kapena zingapo za Cisco zidzakulitsa luso lanu ndikupangitsa kuyambiranso kwanu kukhala kopikisana. Mwachitsanzo, Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) ndi katswiri woyamba wa Cisco Networking Technician kapena Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Routing and Switching ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambira zoyambira. Mukumana ndi Cisco pafupifupi kampani iliyonse, makamaka yayikulu. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, chiphaso chaukadaulo ichi ndiye muyeso wagolide wapaintaneti. M'tsogolomu, mutha "kupeza" magawo ena, koma, ndikuwuzani chinsinsi, kale pamtengo wa abwana 😉
• Kutengera mbiri yanu yantchito, mutha kupeza ziphaso zoyenera pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito, chitetezo, maukonde, ndi zina zambiri. Awa ndi mapepala omwe amafunidwa kwambiri ndi abwana, ndipo kuchokera ku zomwe ndakumana nazo ndikunena kuti pokonzekera mayeso, mumapopera phunzirolo mokwanira. Ngati simuphunzira nokha, koma kudziletsa nokha ku maphunziro, ndi pafupifupi zosatheka kupambana mayeso.
• Palinso njira ina yophunzirira - maphunziro athunthu a oyang'anira machitidwe a Windows ndi Unix. Zachidziwikire, zambiri zimadalira mphunzitsi ndi bungwe lomwe likuchita maphunzirowo, koma mtundu wa maphunzirowo ungakhale wokhumudwitsa 100%. Pakadali pano, ndi kuphatikiza kopambana kwa zochitika, maphunziro otere amawongolera chidziwitso bwino, amachiyika pamashelefu. Ngati mumasankhabe kupeza maphunziro owonjezera otere, sankhani yunivesite, koma yunivesite yamakampani, komwe maphunziro ndi machitidwe amaperekedwa ndi akatswiri enieni, ochita masewera, osati akatswiri azaka za m'ma 90. 

Woyang'anira kachitidwe ndi ntchito yapadera yomwe imafuna kuphunzitsidwa kosalekeza mu matekinoloje atsopano, zida zachitetezo, makina owongolera zida za IT, ndi zina zambiri. Popanda kumizidwa mosalekeza muzinthu zatsopano, mudzataya msanga ziyeneretso zanu ndi mtengo wamsika.

Simungathe kuzungulira zoyambira ndikukhala katswiri wozizira - popanda kudziwa mamangidwe a PC, seva, kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito ndi pulogalamu yautumiki, machitidwe opangira, palibe chomwe chingagwire ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kwa oyang'anira machitidwe, lingaliro lakuti "kuyamba kuyambira pachiyambi" ndilofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.

Mabuku Abwino Kwambiri ndi Zida Zophunzirira

1. Chakale ndi Andrew Tanenbaum: "Computer Architecture", "Computer Networks", "Modern Operating Systems". Awa ndi mabuku atatu okhuthala, omwe, komabe, adadutsa m'mabaibulo angapo, amawerengedwa bwino ndikuzindikiridwa. Komanso, kwa oyang'anira machitidwe ena, kukonda ntchito kumayamba ndi mabuku awa.
2. T. Limoncelli, K. Hogan "The Practice of System and Network Administration" mu - buku lodabwitsa "lolamulira ubongo" lokonzekera chidziwitso cha woyang'anira dongosolo lokonzekera. Kawirikawiri, Limoncelli ali ndi mabuku ambiri abwino kwa oyang'anira machitidwe. 
3. R. Pike, B. Kernigan "Unix. Software Environment", ndi mabuku ena a Kerningan
4. Noah Gift "Python mu UNIX ndi Linux System Administration" ndi buku labwino kwambiri kwa mafani a automation.

Kuphatikiza pa mabuku, zolemba zamalonda, zothandizira zothandizira machitidwe ndi ntchito, malangizo ndi malamulo zidzathandiza - monga lamulo, n'zosavuta kupeza zonse zomwe mukufunikira mwa iwo. Ndipo inde, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'Chingerezi komanso oyipa kwambiri ku Russia.

Ndipo, zachidziwikire, Habr ndi ma forum apadera ndi chithandizo chachikulu kwa oyang'anira machitidwe amtundu uliwonse. Nditaphunzira sayansi ya Windows Server 2012, Habr anali wothandiza kwambiri - ndiye tidadziwana kwambiri.

Tsogolo la sysadmin

Ndamva za kuwonongeka kwa ntchito yoyang'anira dongosolo ndipo zotsutsana zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nkhaniyi ndizochepa kwambiri: maloboti adzatha, ntchito yotsimikizira mitambo popanda woyang'anira dongosolo, ndi zina zotero. Funso la yemwe amayang'anira mitambo, mwachitsanzo, kumbali ya wothandizira, limakhala lotseguka. M'malo mwake, ntchito ya woyang'anira dongosolo sizonyozeka, koma ikusinthidwa kukhala zovuta komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwasankha, njira zingapo zimatseguka patsogolo panu.

• DevOps kapena DevSecOps ndiwokhazikika pamzere wa chitukuko, kasamalidwe ndi chitetezo. Pakadali pano, chidwi cha DevOps chikungokulirakulira ndipo izi zipitilirabe, kupititsa patsogolo kuyika zida, mapulogalamu odzaza ndi makina, kamangidwe ka microservice, ndi zina zambiri. Phunzirani zonsezi pamene zikuwoneka ngati zofunika kwambiri zamtsogolo. 
• Chitetezo cha chidziwitso ndi njira ina yachitukuko. Ngati zida zotetezera zidziwitso zam'mbuyomu zinali mu telecom ndi mabanki, lero zikufunika pafupifupi kampani iliyonse ya IT. Chigawocho sichophweka, chidzafunika chidziwitso pa chitukuko, kuwononga ndi kuteteza machitidwe - izi ndizozama kwambiri kuposa kukhazikitsa antivayirasi ndi kukhazikitsa firewall. Ndipo, mwa njira, pali zapadera zapadera za infobez ku mayunivesite, kotero ngati muli kumayambiriro kwa ulendo wanu, mukhoza kulowa nawo nthawi yomweyo, ndipo ngati ndinu "mkulu", ndiye kuti mukhoza kuganizira pulogalamu ya master. kukulitsa chidziwitso chanu ndikukhala ndi diploma.
• CTO, CIO - maudindo apamwamba mu IT field kapena IT departments of companies. Njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe, kuwonjezera pa kuganiza mwadongosolo komanso kukonda ukadaulo, ali ndi luso loyang'anira komanso zachuma. Mudzawongolera zida zonse za IT, kuchita zovuta, kumanga zomangamanga zamabizinesi, ndipo izi, ndithudi, zimalipira bwino kwambiri. Komabe, monga momwe zimasonyezera, CTO / CIO mu kampani yayikulu imathanso kukambirana, kufotokoza, kulungamitsa ndikuphwanya bajeti, izi ndi mitsempha yayikulu komanso udindo.
• Yambani ma bissnes anu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchita kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Ndiye mudzatha kupanga ndandanda yanu, kukonzekera phindu ndi ntchito, ndikupereka mautumiki omwe ali abwino kwambiri kwa inu. Koma iyi si njira yophweka, polemba ntchito ndi kusunga makasitomala, komanso poyang'anira, ndalama ndi malamulo. 

Zachidziwikire, mutha kupita ku telecom, ndikupanga chitukuko, komanso kwa oyang'anira malonda azinthu zovuta kwambiri (mwa njira, njira yokwera mtengo!), Ndipo pakutsatsa - zonse zimatengera zomwe mumakonda komanso kumvetsetsa kwaukadaulo. Ndipo mutha kukhalabe woyang'anira dongosolo labwino ndikuchita zonse zomwe zalembedwa malinga ndi malipiro ndi luso. Koma pa izi, chikhumbo chanu ndi chidziwitso chanu ndi kumvetsetsa kwanu ndi oyang'anira kampani yanu za kufunikira kwa zomangamanga za IT ziyenera kusinthika (ndipo izi ndizosowa kwenikweni). 

Nthano zantchito

Monga ntchito iliyonse, kasamalidwe kachitidwe kamakhala kozunguliridwa ndi nthano. Ndidzachotsa zodziwika bwino kwambiri.

• Sysadmins ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito. Ayi, iyi ndi ntchito yanzeru, yovuta yokhala ndi ntchito zambiri komanso zochulukira, chifukwa m'dziko lamakono, zomangamanga za IT zimatanthawuza zambiri mumakampani aliwonse.
• Sysadmins ndi oipa. Ayi, wamba - malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha mwiniwake wa ntchitoyo. Koma amakwiyitsidwa kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe sangathe kufotokoza vutoli, kapena, chabwino, amadziona ngati owononga ndipo, asanapemphe thandizo, amakulitsa vutolo.

  
  Osati zoipa, koma zoopsa!

• Ma Sysadmin safuna maphunziro. Ngati simukufuna "kukonza masitovu" moyo wanu wonse ndikuchita zinthu zofunika monga kukhazikitsa antivayirasi ndi mapulogalamu ena, muyenera kuphunzira nthawi zonse, nokha komanso pamaphunziro ovomerezeka. Maphunziro apamwamba adzakuthandizani kufulumizitsa njira yodzipangira nokha ndi kuzindikira zambiri zaumisiri zovuta. 
• Sysadmins ndi omasuka. O, iyi ndi nthano yanga yomwe ndimakonda! Sysadmin yabwino imagwira ntchito ndi pulogalamu yoyang'anira zomangamanga za IT ndikusunga dongosolo lonselo. Zimatenga nthawi yochuluka, nthawi zambiri zimafuna ntchito yowonjezera, koma kunja inde, zikuwoneka kuti woyang'anira dongosolo amangokhala pa PC, monga tonsefe. M'malingaliro a munthu wamba, izi ndi zosokoneza: olamulira ayenera kutembenuka ndi mawaya ndikuthamangira ndi crimper ndi chovula atakonzeka. Kupusa, mwachidule. Ngakhale palibe amene alibe uchimo, nthawi yomweyo mumamva wolamulira waulesi pakhungu lanu.
• Ma Sysadmin ndi auve, amayenda mozungulira majuzi otambasuka komanso ali ndi ndevu. Maonekedwe a woyang'anira dongosolo samalamulidwa ndi miyezo iliyonse ndipo zimatengera zomwe amakonda.

Koma nthawi zambiri, nthabwala iliyonse imakhala ndi nthabwala, ndipo ambiri, oyang'anira machitidwe ndi okongola, anyamata osangalatsa, omwe ali ndi njira yolumikizirana mwapadera. Mutha kupeza chilankhulo chodziwika nawo nthawi zonse.

Uphungu waukulu

Palibe zozizwitsa ndipo simudzakhala woyang'anira wamkulu ngati mutakhala muofesi yaying'ono ndikuchita ntchito zoyambira. Mudzatopa, kukhumudwitsidwa ndi ntchitoyo ndikuti iyi ndiye ntchito yoyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake - khazikitsani, sinthani ntchito, musapewe ntchito zosangalatsa komanso zovuta - ndipo inu nokha simudzazindikira momwe mungakhalire katswiri wofunidwa komanso wolipidwa kwambiri. 

PS: mu ndemanga, monga nthawi zonse, tikuyembekezera malangizo kuchokera kwa oyang'anira odziwa bwino machitidwe ndi nkhani za zomwe zinakuthandizani pa ntchito yanu, momwe munabwerera kuntchitoyi, zomwe mumakonda komanso zomwe simukuzikonda. Zili bwanji, system management mu 2020?

Source: www.habr.com