Ma robotiki ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa komanso zosokoneza pasukulu. Amaphunzitsa momwe angapangire ma aligorivimu, amawonetsa njira yophunzitsira, komanso kudziwitsa ana ku mapulogalamu. M’masukulu ena, kuyambira giredi 1, amaphunzira sayansi ya makompyuta, amaphunzira kusonkhanitsa maloboti ndi kujambula ma flowchart. Pofuna kuthandiza ana kuti amvetse bwino za robotic ndi kupanga mapulogalamu ndi kuphunzira mozama masamu ndi physics kusukulu yasekondale, tatulutsa maphunziro atsopano a LEGO Education SPIKE Prime. Tikuwuzani zambiri za izi mu positi iyi.
LEGO Education SPIKE Prime idapangidwa kuti iziphunzitsa ana a sukulu 5-7 m'masukulu ndi makalabu a robotics. Setiyi imakupatsani mwayi wopanga ma algorithms pogwiritsa ntchito ma flowchart ndikusilira momwe zithunzi zowonekera pazenera zimasinthira mayendedwe ndi zochita. Kwa ana asukulu amakono, mawonekedwe ndi zotsatira za WOW ndizofunikira, ndipo SPIKE Prime ndi nyambo yomwe imatha kukopa ana ndi mapulogalamu ndi sayansi yeniyeni.
Khazikitsani mwachidule
Choyikacho chimabwera mu bokosi lapulasitiki lachikasu ndi loyera. Pansi pa chivindikiro pali makatoni omwe ali ndi malangizo oyambira ndi chithunzi cha kuyika kwa magawo mu trays. Zidazi zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyamba nazo ndipo zimafuna maphunziro owonjezera ochepa kwa aphunzitsi.
Zigawozo zimayikidwa m'matumba okhala ndi manambala omwe amafanana ndi manambala a maselo mu trays.
Core Set ili ndi zinthu zopitilira 500 za LEGO, kuphatikiza zatsopano.
- Mafelemu angapo atsopano omwe amachepetsa nthawi ya prototyping ndikulola kuti mitundu yayikulu imangidwe.
- Cube yatsopano ya 2x4 yokhala ndi dzenje la Technic axle. Zimakulolani kuti muphatikize zinthu za Technic ndi LEGO System mu polojekiti imodzi.
- Base plate yosinthidwa kuchokera ku Technic range.
- Mawilo opapatiza atsopano omwe amapereka chiwongolero cholondola ndikuwonjezera kuwongolera kwamitundu.
- Gudumu latsopano lozungulira ngati chodzigudubuza chothandizira.
- Zatsopano zamawaya, zopezeka mumitundu ingapo, zimakulolani kuti muteteze zingwe mwaukhondo.
Kuwonjezera mbali okha, pali Motors atatu mkati - lalikulu ndi awiri sing'anga, komanso masensa atatu: mtunda, mtundu ndi mphamvu.
Ma motors amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku likulu ndipo amakhala ndi masensa ozungulira ndi kulondola kwa digirii 1. Mbaliyi imaperekedwa kuti igwirizanitse ntchito ya ma motors kuti athe kuyenda nthawi imodzi pa liwiro lokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, sensor ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza liwiro ndi mtunda wa kayendetsedwe kachitsanzo.
Sensa yamtundu imasiyanitsa mpaka mitundu 8 ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowunikira chowala. Ilinso ndi sensa ya infrared yomwe imapangidwira momwe imatha kuwerenga zowunikira, mwachitsanzo.
Sensor yogwira imazindikira izi: batani, kukanikiza, kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu. Pankhaniyi, sensa imatsimikizira mphamvu ya Newtons kapena peresenti.
Sensa ya IR imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mtunda kuchokera ku robot kupita kumalo ena kapena kuteteza kugunda. Wokhoza kuyeza mtunda mwa maperesenti, masentimita ndi mainchesi.
Mutha kukulitsa luso lazoyambira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zili ndi magawo 603. Zimaphatikizapo: zowonjezera zazikulu ndi sensa yowala, mawilo awiri akuluakulu, magiya akuluakulu a bevel omwe amakulolani kuti mupange ma turntables akuluakulu.
Pankakhala
Likululi lili ndi gyroscope yomangidwa yomwe imatha kudziwa malo ake mumlengalenga: kuwongolera, kupendekeka, mpukutu, kudziwa m'mphepete kuchokera pamwamba, momwe likulu likugwa, ndi zina zambiri. 20 mapulogalamu. Nambala ya pulogalamuyo ikuwonetsedwa pazithunzi za pixel 5x5, pomwe zithunzi za ogwiritsa ntchito komanso momwe likulu likuyendera zimawonekeranso.
Komanso ili pa hub:
- Cholumikizira cha MicroUSB pakulipiritsa batire kapena kulumikizana ndi PC.
- Bluetooth synchronization batani, momwe mungakhazikitsire kulumikizana opanda zingwe ndi PC kuti mukonzekere malowa.
- 6 madoko (AF) potsatira malamulo kapena kulandira zambiri kuchokera ku masensa.
- Mabatani atatu a hub control.
- Zoyankhula zomangidwira.
Software
Mapulogalamu a LEGO Education SPIKE alipo pa Windows, Mac OS, Android, iOS ndi Chromebook ndipo akhoza kutsitsa . The mapulogalamu chilengedwe zachokera ana a mapulogalamu chinenero Scratch. Amakhala ndi malamulo angapo, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wina ndi mtundu wokhala ndi magawo omwe angasinthidwe pamanja, mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamayendedwe, ngodya yozungulira, ndi zina zambiri.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malamulo okhudzana ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana za yankho (motor, sensors, variables, opareta, etc.) amawonetsedwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imakulolani kuti muzindikire mwamsanga momwe mungapangire zomwe mukufuna.
Pulogalamuyi payokha ilinso ndi mapulani ambiri amaphunziro, komanso malangizo pafupifupi 30 ophatikiza mitundu.
njira yoyamba
Mukakhazikitsa pulogalamuyi ndikusankha chilankhulo, njira zitatu zoyambira zimaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo:
1) Konzani malowa kuti nkhope yomwetulira iwonetsedwe pazenera;
2) Dziwani momwe ma motors amagwirira ntchito ndi masensa;
3) Sonkhanitsani chitsanzo cha "Flea" ndikuchikonza kuti chisunthe.
Kudziwa SPIKE Prime kumayamba ndi kufotokozera njira zolumikizirana (kudzera pa microUSB kapena Bluetooth) komanso momwe mungagwirire ntchito ndi chophimba cha pixel.
Choyamba muyenera kukhazikitsa malamulo otsatizana omwe akuyenera kuchitidwa mutangoyambitsa pulogalamuyo, ndikusankhanso ma pixel omwe adzayatse pazenera.
Gawo lachiwiri limaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza mayankhidwe a ma motors kuzizindikiro zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku masensa. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kukonza injini kuti iyambe kuzungulira mukabweretsa dzanja lanu kapena chinthu chilichonse pafupi ndi sensor yakutali.
Kuti tichite izi, timapanga mndandanda wa malamulo: ngati chinthucho chili pafupi ndi n centimita ku sensa, ndiye injini imayamba kugwira ntchito.
Gawo lachitatu komanso losangalatsa kwambiri: sonkhanitsani utitiri wa loboti ndikuyikonza kuti idumphe polamula. Kuti muchite izi, choyamba muyenera kusonkhanitsa loboti yokha kuchokera ku magawo ndi ma motors awiri.
Kenako timayamba kupanga. Kuti tichite izi, timayika ndondomeko yotsatirayi: pulogalamuyo ikatsegulidwa, "utitiri" uyenera kulumphira kutsogolo kawiri, kotero kuti ma motors awiri ayenera kupanga maulendo awiri nthawi imodzi. Tidzayika liwiro lozungulira ku 50% kuti robot isadumphe kwambiri.
Chotsatira chake ndi robot yaing'ono yomwe imadumphira kutsogolo pamene pulogalamuyo ikuyamba. Kukongola!
Loboti ya utitiri idathamangira kutsogolo ndikupeza munthu woyamba, koma china chake chidalakwika.
Mukamaliza maphunzirowa, mutha kuyambitsa mapulojekiti ovuta: mukugwiritsa ntchito pali zithunzi zopitilira 60 zamagawo osiyanasiyana a seti (ma motors, hub, sensors, etc.). magawo . Komanso mkati mwa pulogalamuyo pali kuthekera kopanga zosinthika ndi ma flowcharts anu.
Kwa aphunzitsi
Kuphatikizidwa ndi seti ndi kwa aphunzitsi. Zimaphatikizapo maphunziro, ntchito zokhala ndi mayankho okonzeka, ndi ntchito zomwe palibe yankho ndipo muyenera kupeza njira yopangira. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muyambe kugwira ntchito mwachangu ndikulemba ntchito ndikumanga mapulogalamu ophunzitsira.
Pazonse, maphunziro a 4 ali okonzeka patsamba. "Inventor Squad" ndi maphunziro aukadaulo omwe amathandizira kumvetsetsa kwa ophunzira panjira yoyendetsera ntchito. Maphunziro awiri okhudzana ndi sayansi yamakompyuta. "Kuyambitsa Bizinesi" kumapereka luso loyambira komanso luso la algorithmic, ndipo "Zida Zothandiza" imawonetsa mfundo za intaneti ya Zinthu. Maphunziro achinayi - "Okonzeka Mpikisano" - adapangidwa kuti akonzekere mpikisano ndipo amafunikira zonse zofunikira komanso zofunikira.
Kosi iliyonse imakhala ndi maphunziro 5 mpaka 8, omwe ali ndi njira yokonzekera yokonzekera yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamaphunziro kuti aphatikize luso la STEAM.
Gwirizanitsani ndi ma seti ena
LEGO Education SPIKE Prime ndi gawo la LEGO Education robotics line, yomwe imaphatikizapo ma seti a ana azaka zosiyanasiyana:
- Express "Young Programmer" pa maphunziro a kusukulu.
- WeDo 2.0 ya pulayimale.
- LEGO Education SPIKE Prime for Middle School.
- LEGO MINDSTORMS Maphunziro EV3 a kusekondale ndi ophunzira achaka choyamba.
Kugwira ntchito kwa SPIKE Prime kumadutsana ndi LEGO WeDo 2.0, yomwe ili ndi chithandizo cha Scratch kuyambira chaka chino. Koma mosiyana ndi WeD0 2.0, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woyerekeza zoyeserera zakuthupi, SPIKE Prime ndiyoyenera kupanga maloboti. Zapangidwa kuti zidziwitse ophunzira ku robotics m'makalasi 5-7.
Mothandizidwa ndi yankho ili, ana asukulu azitha kudziwa bwino mfundo za algorithmization, kukhala ndi luso lotha kuthetsa mavuto, komanso kudziwa zoyambira zama robotiki mwamasewera. Pambuyo pa SPIKE Prime, mutha kupita ku LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3, yomwe ili ndi kuthekera kwa MycroPython ndipo ndiyoyenera kuphunzira zama robotiki apamwamba komanso malingaliro amapulogalamu.
PS Palibe maloboti kapena ma huskies omwe adavulazidwa polemba nkhaniyi.
Source: www.habr.com