Funso lakuti "momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ma devops" lakhala liripo kwa zaka zambiri, koma palibe zipangizo zabwino zambiri. Nthawi zina mumakhudzidwa ndi zotsatsa zochokera kwa alangizi omwe si anzeru kwambiri omwe amafunikira kugulitsa nthawi yawo, zivute zitani. Nthawi zina awa ndi mawu osamveka bwino, omveka bwino okhudza momwe zombo zamakampani akuluakulu zimalima mlengalenga. Funso nlakuti: Kodi izi zikutikhudza chiyani? Wokondedwa mlembi, kodi mutha kupanga malingaliro anu momveka bwino pamndandanda?
Zonsezi zimachokera ku mfundo yakuti palibe zochitika zenizeni zenizeni komanso kumvetsetsa zotsatira za kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha kampani. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi zinthu za nthawi yaitali, zomwe zotsatira zake sizidzawoneka mu sabata kapena mwezi. Tikufuna munthu wamkulu kuti aone momwe makampani amamangidwira ndikulephera zaka zambiri.
John Willis - m'modzi mwa abambo a DevOps. John ali ndi zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito ndi makampani ambiri. Posachedwapa, John anayamba kuona zochitika zenizeni zomwe zimachitika pogwira ntchito ndi aliyense wa iwo. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma archetypes awa, John amatsogolera makampani panjira yeniyeni ya kusintha kwa DevOps. Werengani zambiri za ma archetypes awa pomasulira lipoti lake kuchokera ku msonkhano wa DevOops 2018.
Za wokamba:
Zaka zoposa 35 mu kasamalidwe ka IT, adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga kukhazikitsidwa kwa OpenCloud ku Canonical, adatenga nawo gawo pazoyambira 10, ziwiri zomwe zidagulitsidwa kwa Dell ndi Docker. Pakadali pano ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa DevOps ndi Digital Practices ku SJ Technologies.
Chotsatira ndi nkhani ya Yohane.
Dzina langa ndine John Willis ndipo malo osavuta ondipeza ndi pa Twitter, . Ndili ndi mawu omwewo pa Gmail ndi GitHub. A mungapeze mavidiyo ojambulidwa a malipoti anga ndi zowonetsera kwa iwo.
Ndimakhala ndi misonkhano yambiri ndi ma CIO amakampani akuluakulu osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amadandaula kuti samamvetsetsa kuti DevOps ndi chiyani, ndipo aliyense amene amayesa kuwafotokozera akulankhula za zosiyana. Chidandaulo china chodziwika bwino ndikuti DevOps sagwira ntchito, ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti owongolera akuchita zonse monga adawafotokozera. Tikukamba za makampani akuluakulu omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa zana. Nditakambirana nawo, ndinazindikira kuti pamavuto ambiri, siukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe uli woyenerera, koma ndi njira zotsika kwambiri. Kwa milungu ingapo ndinkangolankhula ndi anthu ochokera m’madipatimenti osiyanasiyana. Zomwe mukuwona pachithunzi choyamba mu positi ndi ntchito yanga yomaliza, izi ndi zomwe chipindacho chinkawoneka pambuyo pa masiku atatu a ntchito.
Kodi DevOps ndi chiyani?
Zoonadi, mukafunsa anthu 10 osiyanasiyana, akupatsani mayankho 10 osiyanasiyana. Koma apa pali chinthu chosangalatsa: mayankho onse khumi awa adzakhala olondola. Palibe yankho lolakwika apa. Ndinali wokongola kwambiri mu DevOps, kwa zaka pafupifupi 10, ndipo ndinali American woyamba pa DevOpsDay yoyamba. Sindinganene kuti ndine wanzeru kuposa aliyense amene akukhudzidwa ndi DevOps, koma palibe amene adachita khama kwambiri. Ndikukhulupirira kuti DevOps imachitika pamene chuma cha anthu ndi teknoloji zimasonkhana. Nthawi zambiri timayiwala za chikhalidwe cha anthu, ngakhale timalankhula zambiri zamitundu yonse.
Tsopano tili ndi zambiri, zaka zisanu za kafukufuku wamaphunziro, kuyesa malingaliro pazambiri zamafakitale. Zomwe maphunzirowa amatiuza ndikuti ngati mutaphatikiza machitidwe ena mu chikhalidwe cha bungwe, mutha kukwaniritsa liwiro la 2000x. Kuthamanga uku kumagwirizana ndi kuwongolera kofanana pakukhazikika. Ichi ndi muyeso wochulukira wa phindu lomwe DevOps angabweretse ku kampani iliyonse. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndinali kuyankhula za DevOps kwa CEO wa kampani ya Fortune 5000. Pamene ndikukonzekera kuwonetserako, ndinali wamantha kwambiri chifukwa ndinayenera kufotokoza mwachidule zaka zanga zomwe ndinakumana nazo mu maminiti a 5.
Pomaliza ndinapereka zotsatirazi Tanthauzo la DevOps: Ndi mndandanda wa machitidwe ndi machitidwe omwe amathandiza kuti anthu asinthe kukhala ndalama zapamwamba za bungwe. Chitsanzo ndi momwe Toyota yagwirira ntchito zaka 50 kapena 60 zapitazi.
(Pambuyo pano, zithunzi zotere sizikuperekedwa monga zofotokozera, koma ngati zifanizo. Zomwe zili mkati mwake zidzasiyana pamakampani atsopano. Komabe, chithunzichi chikhoza kuwonedwa mosiyana ndikukulitsidwa.
Chimodzi mwazochita zopambana zotere ndi mapu amtsinje wamtengo wapatali. Mabuku angapo abwino alembedwa za izi, opambana kwambiri ndi a Karen Martin. Koma m’chaka chathachi, ndaona kuti ngakhale njira imeneyi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. Ndithu ili ndi zabwino zambiri ndipo ndazigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Koma CEO akakufunsani chifukwa chake kampani yake siyingasinthe njanji zatsopano, ndi molawirira kwambiri kuti tilankhule za mapu amtundu wamtengo wapatali. Pali mafunso ambiri ofunikira omwe ayenera kuyankhidwa poyamba.
Ndikuganiza kuti kulakwitsa kwa anzanga ambiri ndikuti amangopatsa kampaniyo chiwongolero cha mfundo zisanu ndiyeno amabwerera pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikuwona zomwe zidachitika. Ngakhale chiwembu chabwino ngati mapu amtengo wapatali ali ndi, tinene, malo akhungu. Pambuyo pa zokambirana mazana ambiri ndi otsogolera makampani osiyanasiyana, ndapanga ndondomeko inayake yomwe imatilola kuti tiwononge vutoli mu zigawo zake, ndipo tsopano tidzakambirana chilichonse mwa zigawozi. Ndisanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono, ndimagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo ichi, ndipo chifukwa chake, makoma anga onse amaphimbidwa ndi zithunzi. Posachedwapa ndinali kugwira ntchito ndi mutual fund ndipo ndinatha ndi 100-150 ndondomeko zotere.
Chikhalidwe choipa chimadya njira zabwino za kadzutsa
Lingaliro lalikulu ndi ili: palibe kuchuluka kwa Lean, Agile, SAFE ndi DevOps kudzathandiza ngati chikhalidwe cha bungwe palokha ndi choipa. Zili ngati kudumphira mozama popanda zida zosambira kapena kuchita popanda x-ray. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kunena mwachidule Drucker ndi Deming: chikhalidwe choipa cha bungwe chidzameza dongosolo lililonse labwino popanda kutsamwitsa.
Kuti muthetse vuto lalikululi, muyenera kuchita izi:
- Pangani Ntchito Zonse Ziwonekere: muyenera kuwonetsa ntchito zonse. Osati m'lingaliro lakuti iyenera kuwonetsedwa pazithunzi zina, koma m'lingaliro lakuti iyenera kuwonedwa.
- Consolidated Work Management Systems: machitidwe oyang'anira akuyenera kuphatikizidwa. Pavuto lachidziwitso cha "fuko" ndi chidziwitso cha mabungwe, muzochitika 9 mwa 10 zolepheretsa ndi anthu. M'buku vuto linali ndi munthu mmodzi yekha, Brent, amene anachititsa kuti ntchitoyo kuchedwa zaka zitatu. Ndipo ine ndimathamangira mu “Brents” awa kulikonse. Kuti ndithetse mavutowa, ndimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu ziwiri zotsatirazi pamndandanda wathu.
- Theory of Constraints Methodology: chiphunzitso cha zopinga.
- Ma hacks ogwirizana: mgwirizano hacks.
- Toyota Kata (): Sindilankhula zambiri za Toyota Kata. Ngati mukufuna, pa github yanga pafupifupi pamitu yonseyi.
- Bungwe Loyang'anira Msika: bungwe loyang'ana msika.
- Shift-left auditors: kufufuza koyambirira kwa kuzungulira.
Ndimayamba kugwira ntchito ndi bungwe mophweka: ndimapita kukampani ndikukambirana ndi antchito. Monga mukuwonera, palibe ukadaulo wapamwamba. Zomwe mukufunikira ndizomwe mungalembe. Ndimasonkhanitsa magulu angapo m'chipinda chimodzi ndikusanthula zomwe amandiuza malinga ndi ma archetypes anga 7. Ndiyeno ndimawapatsa okha cholembera ndikuwafunsa kuti alembe pa bolodi zonse zomwe anena mokweza mpaka pano. Kawirikawiri mumisonkhano yamtunduwu pamakhala munthu mmodzi amene amalemba zonse, ndipo bwino akhoza kulemba 10% ya zokambiranazo. Ndi njira yanga, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukwezedwa pafupifupi 40%.
(Fanizoli likhoza kuwonedwa mosiyana )
Njira yanga imachokera ku ntchito ya William Schneider. ). Njirayi imachokera ku lingaliro lakuti bungwe lirilonse likhoza kugawidwa m'mabwalo anayi. Chiwembu ichi kwa ine nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa chogwira ntchito limodzi ndi mazana azinthu zina zomwe zimabuka posanthula bungwe. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi bungwe lomwe lili ndi ulamuliro wapamwamba, koma lokhala ndi luso lochepa. Iyi ndi njira yosafunikira kwambiri: pamene aliyense akuyenda pamzere, koma palibe amene akudziwa choti achite.
Njira yabwinoko pang'ono ndi yomwe ili ndi mulingo wapamwamba wazowongolera komanso luso. Ngati kampani yotereyi ndi yopindulitsa, ndiye kuti mwina safuna DevOps. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi kampani yomwe ili ndi ulamuliro wapamwamba, luso lochepa komanso mgwirizano, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo chikhalidwe chapamwamba (kulima). Izi zikutanthauza kuti kampaniyo ili ndi anthu ambiri omwe amakonda kugwira ntchito kumeneko ndipo ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndizochepa.
(Fanizoli likhoza kuwonedwa mosiyana )
Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti njira zokhala ndi malangizo okhwima zimatha kulowa m'njira yopezera chowonadi. M'mapu amtengo wapatali makamaka, pali malamulo ambiri okhudza momwe chidziwitso chiyenera kupangidwira. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito, zomwe ndikunena tsopano, palibe amene amafunikira malamulowa. Ngati munthu ali ndi chikhomo m'manja mwake akufotokoza momwe zinthu zilili mu kampani pa bolodi, iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira momwe zinthu zilili. Zoterezi sizifika kwa otsogolera. Panthawi imeneyi, n’kupusa kusokoneza munthuyo n’kunena kuti anakoka muvi molakwika. Pakadali pano, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo osavuta, mwachitsanzo: kutulutsa kwamitundu yambiri kumatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zolembera zamitundu yambiri.
Ndikubwereza, palibe luso lapamwamba. Chizindikiro chakuda chikuwonetsa zenizeni zenizeni za momwe chilichonse chimagwirira ntchito. Ndi cholembera chofiira, anthu amalemba zomwe sakonda pazochitika zomwe zikuchitika. Ndikofunika kuti alembe izi, osati ine. Ndikapita ku CIO pambuyo pa msonkhano, sindimapereka mndandanda wa zinthu 10 zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa. Ndimayesetsa kupeza kulumikizana pakati pa zomwe anthu akukampani akunena ndi machitidwe omwe alipo kale. Pomaliza, cholembera buluu chimapereka njira zothetsera vutoli.
(Fanizoli likhoza kuwonedwa mosiyana )
Chitsanzo cha njira imeneyi tsopano chikufotokozedwa pamwambapa. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino ndinagwira ntchito ndi banki imodzi. Anthu achitetezo kumeneko anali otsimikiza kuti sayenera kubwera kudzapanga ndi kuwunikira zofunikira.
(Fanizoli likhoza kuwonedwa mosiyana )
Ndiyeno tinalankhula ndi anthu ochokera m’madipatimenti ena ndipo zinapezeka kuti pafupifupi zaka 8 zapitazo, opanga mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu anachotsa anthu ogwira ntchito zachitetezo chifukwa akuchepetsa ntchito. Ndiyeno chinasanduka chiletso, chimene chinatengedwa mopepuka. Ngakhale kwenikweni panalibe chiletso.
Msonkhano wathu udapitilira m'njira yosokoneza kwambiri: pafupifupi maola atatu, magulu asanu osiyanasiyana sanathe kundifotokozera zomwe zikuchitika pakati pa code ndi msonkhano. Ndipo ichi chingawonekere kukhala chinthu chophweka. Alangizi ambiri a DevOps amaganiza kuti aliyense amadziwa kale izi.
Kenako munthu yemwe anali woyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka IT, yemwe adakhala chete kwa maola anayi, mwadzidzidzi adakhala ndi moyo titafika pamutu wake, ndipo adatitenga kwa nthawi yayitali. Pamapeto pake ndinamufunsa maganizo ake pa msonkhanowo, ndipo sindidzaiwala yankho lake. Iye anati: “Ndinkaganiza kuti banki yathu ili ndi njira ziwiri zokha zotumizira mapulogalamu, koma tsopano ndikudziwa kuti pali zisanu, ndipo zitatu sindimadziwa.
(Fanizoli likhoza kuwonedwa mosiyana )
Msonkhano womaliza ku banki iyi unali ndi gulu la mapulogalamu oika ndalama. Zinali ndi iye kuti kulemba zithunzi ndi cholembera pa pepala ndi bwino kuposa pa bolodi, ndipo ngakhale bwino kuposa pa smartboard.
Zithunzi zomwe mukuwona ndi momwe chipinda chochitira misonkhano cha hotelo chinkawonekera patsiku lachinayi la msonkhano wathu. Ndipo tidagwiritsa ntchito njirazi posaka mapatani, ndiye kuti, ma archetypes.
Chifukwa chake, ndimafunsa antchito mafunso, amalemba mayankho ndi zolembera zamitundu itatu (yakuda, yofiira ndi yabuluu). Ndimasanthula mayankho awo a archetypes. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane ma archetypes onse mwadongosolo.
1. Pangani Ntchito Zonse Ziwonekere: Pangani ntchito kuti iwoneke
Makampani ambiri omwe ndimagwira nawo ntchito amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zosadziwika. Mwachitsanzo, apa ndi pamene wogwira ntchito wina amabwera kwa wina ndikungopempha kuti achite chinachake. M'mabungwe akuluakulu, pangakhale 60% ntchito yosakonzekera. Ndipo mpaka 40% ya ntchitoyo sinalembedwe mwanjira iliyonse. Akanakhala a Boeing, sindikanakweranso ndege yawo m’moyo wanga. Ngati theka la ntchitoyo likulembedwa, ndiye kuti sizidziwika ngati ntchitoyi ikuchitika molondola kapena ayi. Njira zina zonse zimakhala zopanda ntchito - palibe chifukwa choyesera kupanga chilichonse, chifukwa 50% yodziwika ikhoza kukhala gawo logwirizana komanso lomveka bwino la ntchito, zomwe zimapangidwira sizidzapereka zotsatira zabwino, komanso zoipa kwambiri. zinthu zili mu theka losaoneka. Popanda zolembedwa, ndizosatheka kupeza mitundu yonse ya ma hacks ndi ntchito zobisika, osapeza mabotolo, "Brents" omwe ndidalankhula kale. Pali buku labwino kwambiri la Dominica DeGrandis . Iye amawulula zisanu zosiyana "kutha nthawi" (akuba nthawi):
- Ntchito Yochuluka Kwambiri (WIP)
- Zodalira Zosadziwika
- Ntchito Yosakonzekera
- Zoyamba zosemphana
- Ntchito Yonyalanyazidwa
Kusanthula kwamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo bukuli ndi lalikulu, koma malangizo onsewa ndi opanda pake ngati 50% yokha ya deta ikuwoneka. Njira zoperekedwa ndi Dominica zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulondola kwa pamwamba pa 90% kukwaniritsidwa. Ndikunena za zochitika zomwe bwana amapatsa wogonjera ntchito ya mphindi 15, koma zimamutengera masiku atatu; koma abwana sakudziwa kuti wapansiyu amadalira anthu ena anayi kapena asanu.
Ntchito ya Phoenix ndi nkhani yodabwitsa ya projekiti yomwe idachedwa zaka zitatu. M'modzi mwa otchulidwawo akukumana ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha izi, ndipo amakumana ndi munthu wina yemwe amawonetsedwa ngati mtundu wa Socrates. Amathandiza kudziwa chomwe chinalakwika. Zikutheka kuti kampaniyo ili ndi woyang'anira m'modzi, dzina lake Brent, ndipo ntchito zonse zimadutsa mwa iye. Pamisonkhano ina, m'modzi mwa otsogolera akufunsidwa: chifukwa chiyani ntchito iliyonse ya theka la ola imatenga sabata? Yankho ndi chiwonetsero chosavuta cha chiphunzitso cha pamzere ndi malamulo a Little, ndipo mu chiwonetserochi zikuwoneka kuti pakukhala 90%, ola lililonse lantchito limatenga maola 9. Ntchito iliyonse iyenera kutumizidwa kwa anthu ena asanu ndi awiri, kotero kuti ola limenelo lidzakhala maola 63, 7 kuchulukitsa 9. Zomwe ndikunena ndizoti kuti mugwiritse ntchito Lamulo la Little kapena chiphunzitso cha mizere yovuta, muyenera kukhala ndi deta.
Chifukwa chake ndikakamba za mawonekedwe, sindikutanthauza kuti chilichonse chili pazenera, koma kuti mukhale ndi data. Akatero, nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti pali ntchito yambiri yosakonzekera yomwe mwanjira ina imatumizidwa ku Brent pamene palibe chifukwa chake. Ndipo Brent ndi munthu wamkulu, sanganene ayi, koma samauza aliyense momwe amagwirira ntchito yake.
Ntchitoyo ikawoneka, deta imatha kusankhidwa bwino (ndizo zomwe Dominique akuchita pachithunzichi), kuchotsedwa kwa nthawi zisanu kutayikira kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo makinawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
2. Phatikizani Njira Zoyendetsera Ntchito: Kuwongolera Ntchito
Ma archetypes omwe ndikunena ndi mtundu wa piramidi. Ngati yoyamba yachitidwa molondola, ndiye kuti yachiwiri ili kale ngati yowonjezera. Zambiri mwa izi sizigwira ntchito poyambira, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kumakampani akuluakulu monga Fortune 5000. Kampani yomaliza yomwe ndidagwirapo ntchito inali ndi makina 10 opangira matikiti. Gulu lina linali ndi Remedy, lina linalemba mtundu wina wa machitidwe ake, lachitatu linagwiritsa ntchito Jira, ndipo lina limapanga ndi imelo. Vuto lomwelo limabwera ngati kampaniyo ili ndi mapaipi 30 osiyanasiyana, koma ndilibe nthawi yokambirana milandu yonseyi.
Ndimakambirana ndi anthu ndendende momwe matikiti amapangidwira, zomwe zimawachitikira pambuyo pake, komanso momwe amadumphira. Chosangalatsa kwambiri n’chakuti anthu pamisonkhano yathu amalankhula mochokera pansi pa mtima. Ndidafunsa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe amayika "zang'ono / zopanda mphamvu" pamatikiti omwe amayenera kupatsidwa "zachikulu". Zinapezeka kuti pafupifupi aliyense amachita izi. Sindimachita zodzudzula ndipo ndimayesetsa mwanjira iliyonse kuti ndisazindikire anthu. Akaulula mowona mtima chinachake kwa ine, sindimampatsa munthuyo. Koma pafupifupi aliyense akalambalala dongosolo, zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chonse ndichovala zenera. Choncho, palibe mfundo zomwe zingatengedwe kuchokera ku deta ya dongosolo lino.
Kuti muthetse vuto la tikiti, muyenera kusankha dongosolo limodzi lalikulu. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito Jira, sungani Jira. Ngati pali njira ina iliyonse, lolani ikhale yokhayo. Chofunikira ndichakuti matikiti akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati gawo lina lachitukuko. Chochita chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi tikiti, yomwe iyenera kudutsa mumayendedwe a chitukuko. Matikiti amatumizidwa ku gulu, lomwe limawayika pa bolodi la nthano ndiyeno limatenga udindo wawo.
Izi zikugwira ntchito m'madipatimenti onse, kuphatikiza zomangamanga ndi ntchito. Pankhaniyi, ndizotheka kupanga lingaliro lomveka bwino la momwe zinthu zilili. Izi zikangokhazikitsidwa, zimakhala zosavuta kudziwa yemwe ali ndi udindo pa ntchito iliyonse. Chifukwa tsopano sitilandira 50%, koma 98% ya mautumiki atsopano. Ngati ndondomekoyi ikugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti kulondola kumakula bwino mu dongosolo lonse.
Services pipeline
Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kumakampani akuluakulu. Ngati ndinu kampani yatsopano m'munda watsopano, pindani manja anu ndikugwira ntchito ndi Travis CI kapena CircleCI. Ponena za makampani a Fortune 5000, nkhani yomwe inachitika ku banki komwe ndimagwira ntchito. Google idabwera kwa iwo ndipo adawonetsedwa zithunzi zamakina akale a IBM. Anyamata aku Google adafunsa mosokonezeka - kodi magwero ake ali kuti? Koma palibe code yochokera, ngakhale GUI. Izi ndizowona zomwe mabungwe akulu ayenera kuthana nazo: zolemba zakubanki zazaka 40 pa mainframe akale. Mmodzi mwamakasitomala anga amagwiritsa ntchito zotengera za Kubernetes zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a Circuit Breaker, kuphatikiza Chaos Monkey, zonse pakugwiritsa ntchito KeyBank. Koma zotengerazi pamapeto pake zimalumikizana ndi pulogalamu ya COBOL.
Anyamata ochokera ku Google anali ndi chidaliro chonse kuti adzathetsa mavuto onse a kasitomala wanga, ndiyeno anayamba kufunsa mafunso: Kodi IBM datapipe ndi chiyani? Amauzidwa: ichi ndi cholumikizira. Chikugwirizana ndi chiyani? Ku dongosolo la Sperry. Ndipo ndi chiyani chimenecho? Ndi zina zotero. Poyang'ana koyamba zikuwoneka: ndi mtundu wanji wa DevOps womwe ungakhalepo? Koma zoona zake n’zakuti n’zotheka. Pali machitidwe operekera omwe amakulolani kuti mupereke kayendetsedwe ka ntchito kumagulu operekera.
3. Lingaliro la zopinga: Lingaliro la zopinga
Tiyeni tipite ku archetype yachitatu: chidziwitso cha mabungwe / "fuko". Monga lamulo, mu bungwe lirilonse pali anthu angapo omwe amadziwa zonse ndikuwongolera chirichonse. Awa ndi omwe akhala m'bungwe kwautali kwambiri ndipo amadziwa njira zonse zogwirira ntchito.
Izi zikafika pachithunzichi, ndimazungulira anthu otere ndi cholembera: mwachitsanzo, zimakhala kuti Lou wina amakhalapo pamisonkhano yonse. Ndipo ndizomveka kwa ine: uyu ndi Brent wamba. A CIO akasankha pakati pa ine ndi T-shirt ndi sneakers ndi mnyamata wa IBM wovala suti, ndimasankhidwa chifukwa ndimatha kumuuza director zomwe winayo sanganene komanso kuti director sangakonde kumva. . Ndimawauza kuti vuto mu kampani yawo ndi winawake dzina lake Fred ndi winawake dzina lake Lou. Cholepheretsa ichi chiyenera kumasulidwa, chidziwitso chawo chiyenera kupezedwa kwa iwo mwanjira ina.
Kuti ndithane ndi vuto lamtunduwu, nditha, mwachitsanzo, ndikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito Slack. Wotsogolera wanzeru adzafunsa - chifukwa chiyani? Nthawi zambiri, muzochitika zotere, alangizi a DevOps amayankha: chifukwa aliyense akuchita. Ngati wotsogolerayo alidi wanzeru, adzati: ndiye chiyani. Ndipo apa ndi pomwe zokambirana zimathera. Ndipo yankho langa pa izi ndi: chifukwa pali mabotolo anayi mu kampani, Fred, Lou, Susie ndi Jane. Kuti akhazikitse chidziwitso chawo, munthu ayenera kuyambitsa Slack. Ma wiki anu onse ndi zamkhutu chifukwa palibe amene akudziwa za kukhalapo kwawo. Ngati gulu la uinjiniya likuchita nawo chitukuko chakutsogolo komanso chakumbuyo ndipo aliyense ayenera kudziwa kuti atha kulumikizana ndi gulu lakutsogolo kapena gulu lachitukuko ndi mafunso. Ndipamene Lou kapena Fred mwina adzakhala ndi nthawi kujowina wiki. Ndiyeno mu Slack wina angafunse chifukwa chake, kunena kuti, sitepe 5 sikugwira ntchito. Ndiyeno Lou kapena Fred akonza malangizo pa wiki. Ngati mutakhazikitsa ndondomekoyi, ndiye kuti zinthu zambiri zidzagwera paokha.
Iyi ndiye mfundo yanga yayikulu: kuti mupangire ukadaulo wapamwamba uliwonse, muyenera choyamba kuyika maziko awo mwadongosolo, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika ndi njira zotsika mtengo zomwe zafotokozedwa. Ngati muyamba ndi matekinoloje apamwamba ndipo musafotokoze chifukwa chake akufunikira, ndiye, monga lamulo, izi sizikutha bwino. Mmodzi mwa makasitomala athu amagwiritsa ntchito Azure ML, njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta. Pafupifupi 30% ya mafunso awo adayankhidwa ndi makina ophunzirira okha. Ndipo chinthu ichi chinalembedwa ndi ogwira ntchito omwe sanalowe nawo mu sayansi ya deta, ziwerengero kapena masamu. Izi ndi zofunika. Mtengo wa njira yotereyi ndi yochepa.
4. Ma hacks ogwirizana: Ma hacks ogwirizana
Chachinayi cha archetype ndichofunika kuthana ndi kudzipatula. Anthu ambiri amadziwa kale izi: kudzipatula kumayambitsa chidani. Ngati dipatimenti iliyonse ili pamtunda wake, ndipo anthu samadutsana wina ndi mzake mwa njira iliyonse, kupatula mu elevator, ndiye kuti chidani pakati pawo chimayamba mosavuta. Koma ngati, m'malo mwake, anthu ali m'chipinda chimodzi wina ndi mzake, nthawi yomweyo amachoka. Wina akatulutsa mlandu wina, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe otere ndi otere sagwira ntchito, palibe chosavuta kutsutsa chonenacho. Olemba mapulogalamu omwe adalemba mawonekedwewa amangofunika kuyamba kufunsa mafunso enieni, ndipo posachedwa zidzaonekeratu kuti, mwachitsanzo, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ankangogwiritsa ntchito chidacho molakwika.
Pali njira zambiri zothanirana ndi kudzipatula. Nthawi ina ndinapemphedwa kukafunsira kubanki ku Australia, koma ndinakana chifukwa ndili ndi ana awiri ndi mkazi. Zomwe ndikanachita kuti ndiwathandize ndikupangira kufotokozera nkhani mojambula. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa kuti chikugwira ntchito. Njira ina yosangalatsa ndiyo misonkhano ya khofi yowonda. Pagulu lalikulu, iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira chidziwitso. Komanso, mukhoza kuchita devopsdays mkati, hackathons, ndi zina zotero.
5. Kuphunzitsa Kata
Monga ndidachenjeza poyambirira, sindilankhula za izi lero. Ngati muli ndi chidwi, mutha kuyang'ana .
Palinso nkhani yabwino pamutuwu kuchokera kwa Mike Rother:
6. Msika: bungwe loyang'ana msika
Pali mavuto osiyanasiyana pano. Mwachitsanzo, "I" anthu, "T" anthu ndi "E" anthu. “Ine” anthu ndi amene amachita chinthu chimodzi chokha. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mabungwe omwe ali ndi madipatimenti akutali. "T" ndi pamene munthu amachita bwino pa chinthu chimodzi komanso amachitira zinthu zina. "E" kapena "chisa" ndi pamene munthu ali ndi luso lambiri.
Lamulo la Conway limagwira ntchito pano (), omwe mwa mawonekedwe osavuta kwambiri anganene motere: ngati magulu atatu akugwira ntchito pa compiler, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zidzakhala zopanga zigawo zitatu. Choncho, ngati pali kudzipatula kwakukulu mkati mwa bungwe, ndiye kuti ngakhale Kubernetes, Circuit breaker, API extensibility ndi zinthu zina zokongola mu bungweli zidzakonzedwa mofanana ndi bungwe lokha. Mosamalitsa malinga ndi Conway komanso ngakhale anyamata achichepere inu nonse.
Njira yothetsera vutoli yafotokozedwa nthawi zambiri. Pali, mwachitsanzo, ma archetypes a bungwe lofotokozedwa ndi Fernando Fernandez. Zomangamanga zovutazi zomwe ndangonena kumene, ndikudzipatula, ndizomanga zokhazikika. Mtundu wachiwiri ndi woyipitsitsa, womanga matrix, chisokonezo cha ena awiriwo. Chachitatu ndi chomwe chikuwoneka m'mayambiriro ambiri, ndipo makampani akuluakulu akuyeseranso kufanana ndi mtundu uwu. Ndi bungwe loyang'ana msika. Apa tikukonza kuti tikwaniritse kuyankha mwachangu pazopempha zamakasitomala. Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa bungwe lathyathyathya.
Anthu ambiri amafotokoza dongosololi m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndimakonda mawu kumanga/kuyendetsa magulu, ku Amazon amachitcha magulu awiri a pizza. Mu dongosolo ili, anthu onse amtundu wa "I" amaikidwa mozungulira ntchito imodzi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayandikira pafupi ndi "T", ndipo ngati kasamalidwe koyenera kakhazikitsidwa, akhoza kukhala "E". Chotsutsana choyamba apa ndikuti mapangidwe otere ali ndi zinthu zosafunikira. Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira woyesa mu dipatimenti iliyonse ngati mungakhale ndi dipatimenti yapadera yoyesa? Kumene ndikuyankha: ndalama zowonjezera pankhaniyi ndi mtengo wa bungwe lonse kuti likhale mtundu wa "E" mtsogolo. Mu kapangidwe kameneka, woyesa amaphunzira pang'onopang'ono za maukonde, zomangamanga, kapangidwe, etc. Chifukwa chake, aliyense wogwira nawo ntchito m'bungwe amadziwa bwino zonse zomwe zimachitika m'bungwe. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito m'makampani, werengani .
7. Ma Auditor a Shift- left: fufuzani koyambirira kwa nthawi. Kutsatira malamulo achitetezo powonetsedwa
Apa ndi pamene zochita zanu sizipambana mayeso a fungo, titero kunena kwake. Anthu amene amakugwirirani ntchito si opusa. Ngati, monga momwe tawonetsera pamwambapa, adayika zotsatira zazing'ono / zopanda paliponse, izi zinatha zaka zitatu, ndipo palibe amene adawona kalikonse, ndiye kuti aliyense amadziwa bwino kuti dongosololi silikugwira ntchito. Kapena chitsanzo china - gulu la upangiri wosintha, pomwe malipoti amayenera kutumizidwa aliyense, tinene, Lachitatu. Pali gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito kumeneko (osalipidwa bwino kwambiri, mwa njira) omwe, mwachidziwitso, ayenera kudziwa momwe dongosolo lonse limagwirira ntchito. Ndipo pazaka zisanu zapitazi, mwina mwawona kuti makina athu ndi ovuta kwambiri. Ndipo anthu asanu kapena asanu ndi mmodzi ayenera kupanga chosankha chokhudza kusintha kumene sanapange ndi kumene sadziwa kalikonse.
Inde, njira iyi siigwira ntchito. Ndiyenera kuchotsa zinthu zotere chifukwa anthuwa sakuteteza dongosolo. Chisankhocho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi gulu lokha, chifukwa gulu liyenera kukhala ndi udindo. Kupanda kutero, zinthu zosokoneza zimachitika pamene manejala yemwe sanalembepo kachidindo m'moyo wake amauza wopanga mapulogalamu kuti zitenge nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti alembe. Kampani ina yomwe ndimagwira nayo ntchito inali ndi matabwa 7 osiyanasiyana omwe amawunikira kusintha kulikonse, kuphatikiza bolodi la zomangamanga, bolodi lazinthu, ndi zina zambiri. Panalinso nthaŵi yodikirira yodikira, ngakhale kuti wogwira ntchito wina anandiuza kuti m’zaka khumi za ntchito, palibe amene anakanapo kusintha kochitidwa ndi munthu ameneyu m’nyengo yokakamiza imeneyi.
Auditor ayenera kuitanidwa kuti agwirizane nafe, osati kuwachotsa. Auzeni kuti mumalemba zotengera zosasinthika zomwe, ngati apambana mayeso onse, azikhala osasinthika kwamuyaya. Auzeni kuti muli ndi payipi ngati code ndipo fotokozani tanthauzo lake. Awonetseni chiwembu chotsatirachi: Binary yosasinthika yosasinthika mu chidebe chomwe chimapambana mayeso onse osatetezeka; ndiyeno sikuti palibe amene amakhudza, samakhudza ngakhale dongosolo lomwe limapanga payipi, chifukwa limapangidwanso mwamphamvu. Ndili ndi makasitomala, Capital One, omwe akugwiritsa ntchito Vault kupanga china chake ngati blockchain. Wowerengera safunikira kuwonetsa "maphikidwe" kuchokera kwa Chef; ndizokwanira kuwonetsa blockchain, komwe zikuwonekeratu zomwe zidachitikira tikiti ya Jira pakupanga komanso yemwe ali ndi udindo.
Malingana ndi , yopangidwa mu 2018 ndi Sonatype, panali zopempha zotsitsa 2017 biliyoni za OSS mu 87.
Zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakusatetezeka ndizoletsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ziwerengero zomwe mukuziwona pamwambapa sizikuphatikizanso mtengo wa mwayi. Kodi DevSecOps ndi chiyani mwachidule? Ndiloleni ndinene nthawi yomweyo kuti sindikufuna kulankhula za kupambana kwa dzinali. Mfundo ndi yakuti popeza DevOps yakhala yopambana kwambiri, tiyenera kuyesa kuwonjezera chitetezo paipiyo.
Chitsanzo cha izi:
Izi si upangiri wazinthu zinazake, ngakhale ndimakonda zonse. Ndidawatchula ngati chitsanzo kuti awonetse kuti DevOps, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa poyambira pazantchito zamabizinesi, imakupatsani mwayi wopanga gawo lililonse lantchito pazogulitsa.
Ndipo palibe chifukwa chimene ife sitikanakhoza kutenga njira yomweyo chitetezo.
Zotsatira
Pomaliza, ndipereka maupangiri a DevSecOps. Muyenera kuphatikiza owerengera pakupanga makina anu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yowaphunzitsa. Muyenera kugwirizana ndi ma auditors. Kenako, muyenera kumenya nkhondo yopanda chifundo polimbana ndi malingaliro abodza. Ngakhale ndi chida chokwera mtengo kwambiri chosanthula chiwopsezo, mutha kupanga zizolowezi zoyipa kwambiri pakati pa omwe akukutukulani ngati simukudziwa kuti chiwongolero chanu cha ma sign-to-phokoso ndi chiyani. Madivelopa adzakhala otanganidwa ndi zochitika ndipo azingochotsa. Ngati mudamva za nkhani ya Equifax, ndizokongola kwambiri zomwe zidachitika kumeneko, pomwe chenjezo lapamwamba silinanyalanyazidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, zofooka ziyenera kufotokozedwa m'njira yowonetsera momveka bwino momwe zimakhudzira bizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kunena kuti izi ndizovuta zomwe zili munkhani ya Equifax. Zowopsa zachitetezo ziyenera kuchitidwa chimodzimodzi ndi zina zamapulogalamu, ndiye kuti, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa munjira yonse ya DevOps. Muyenera kugwira nawo ntchito kudzera ku Jira, Kanban, etc. Madivelopa sayenera kuganiza kuti wina adzachita izi - m'malo mwake, aliyense ayenera kuchita izi. Pomaliza, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pophunzitsa anthu.
maulalo othandiza
Nazi zokamba zingapo kuchokera ku msonkhano wa DevOops zomwe mungapeze zothandiza:
- Sergey Berdnikov, Artyom Kalichkin - Nkhani Yopambana, kapena "Dev+DevOps+Ops" (, )
- Baruch Sadogursky, Leonid Igolnik - DevOps pamlingo: tsoka lachi Greek muzochita zitatu (, )
- Alexander Titov, Kirill Tolkachev -
- Timothy Lister -
Yang'anani mu DevoOops 2020 Moscow - palinso zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa kumeneko.
Source: www.habr.com