{"id":100285,"date":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9"},"modified":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","title":{"rendered":"Wydanie pakietowego filtra nftables 0.9.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Opublikowano wersj\u0119 pakietowego filtra nftables 0.9.9, kt\u00f3ry uniifikuje interfejsy filtrowania pakiet\u00f3w dla IPv4, IPv6, ARP i most\u00f3w sieciowych (ma na celu zast\u0105pienie iptables, ip6tables, arptables i ebtables). Jednocze\u015bnie opublikowano wersj\u0119 towarzysz\u0105cej biblioteki libnftnl 1.2.0, kt\u00f3ra dostarcza niskopoziomowe API do interakcji z podsystemem nf_tables. Wprowadzone zmiany niezb\u0119dne do dzia\u0142ania nftables 0.9.9 zosta\u0142y w\u0142\u0105czone do j\u0105dra Linux 5.13-rc1.          <\/p>\n<p>W pakiecie nftables zawarte s\u0105 komponenty filtr\u00f3w pakietowych, kt\u00f3re dzia\u0142aj\u0105 w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika, podczas gdy na poziomie j\u0105dra dzia\u0142ania szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 rol\u0119 pe\u0142ni subsystem nf_tables, wchodz\u0105cy w sk\u0142ad j\u0105dra Linux od wersji 3.13. Na poziomie j\u0105dra udost\u0119pniany jest tylko og\u00f3lny interfejs, niezale\u017cny od konkretnego protoko\u0142u, kt\u00f3ry zapewnia podstawowe funkcje wydobywania danych z pakiet\u00f3w, realizacji operacji na danych oraz zarz\u0105dzania przep\u0142ywem.    <\/p>\n<p>Bezpo\u015brednio zasady filtracji i specyficzne dla protoko\u0142\u00f3w komponenty s\u0105 kompilowane do bajtowego kodu w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika, po czym ten kod bajtowy jest \u0142adowany do j\u0105dra za pomoc\u0105 interfejsu Netlink i wykonywany w j\u0105drze w specjalnej <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"maszynie wirtualnej\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4310\">maszynie wirtualnej<\/a>, przypominaj\u0105cej BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Tego typu podej\u015bcie pozwala znacznie zmniejszy\u0107 rozmiar kodu filtracji dzia\u0142aj\u0105cego na poziomie j\u0105dra i przenie\u015b\u0107 wszystkie funkcje parsowania zasad i logiki pracy z protoko\u0142ami do przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika.    <\/p>\n<p>G\u0142\u00f3wne nowo\u015bci:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Wdro\u017cono mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 przeniesienia przetwarzania flowtable na stron\u0119 adaptora sieciowego, aktywowan\u0105 za pomoc\u0105 flagi 'offload'. Flowtable to mechanizm optymalizacji trasy przekierowywania pakiet\u00f3w, w kt\u00f3rym pe\u0142ne przej\u015bcie przez wszystkie \u0142a\u0144cuchy przetwarzania regu\u0142 stosuje si\u0119 tylko do pierwszego pakietu, a wszystkie pozosta\u0142e pakiety w strumieniu s\u0105 przesy\u0142ane bezpo\u015brednio.        table ip global {              flowtable f {                      hook ingress priority filter + 1                      devices = { lan3, lan0, wan }                      flags offload              }                chain forward {                      type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;                      ip protocol { tcp, udp } flow add @f              }                chain post {                      type nat hook postrouting priority filter; policy accept;                      oifname 'wan' masquerade              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodano wsparcie dla oznaczania tabeli flag\u0105 przywi\u0105zania do w\u0142a\u015bciciela, co zapewnia wy\u0142\u0105czny dost\u0119p do tabeli przez proces. Po zako\u0144czeniu procesu zwi\u0105zana z nim tabela jest automatycznie usuwana. Informacje o procesie s\u0105 wy\u015bwietlane w zrzucie regu\u0142 w formie komentarza:          table ip x { # progname nft              flags owner                chain y {                      type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;                      counter packets 1 bytes 309              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodano wsparcie dla specyfikacji IEEE 802.1ad (VLAN stacking lub QinQ), kt\u00f3ra definiuje \u015brodki do wstawienia wielu tag\u00f3w VLAN w jednym ramce Ethernet. Na przyk\u0142ad, aby sprawdzi\u0107 typ zewn\u0119trznej ramki Ethernet 8021ad i vlan id=342, mo\u017cna u\u017cy\u0107 konstrukcji        ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 342      do sprawdzenia zewn\u0119trznego typu ramki Ethernet 8021ad\/vlan id=1, zagnie\u017cd\u017conego 802.1q\/vlan id=2 oraz dalszej enkapsulacji pakietu IP:         ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 1 vlan type 8021q vlan id 2 vlan type ip counter\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodano wsparcie dla zarz\u0105dzania zasobami za pomoc\u0105 zunifikowanej hierarchii cgroups v2. Kluczow\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0105 mi\u0119dzy cgroups v2 a v1 jest zastosowanie wsp\u00f3lnej hierarchii cgroups dla wszystkich rodzaj\u00f3w zasob\u00f3w, zamiast oddzielnych hierarchii do rozdzielania zasob\u00f3w CPU, do regulacji zu\u017cycia pami\u0119ci oraz do wej\u015bcia\/wyj\u015bcia. Na przyk\u0142ad, aby sprawdzi\u0107, czy przodek gniazda na pierwszym poziomie cgroupv2 odpowiada masce 'system.slice', mo\u017cna u\u017cy\u0107 konstrukcji:       ... socket cgroupv2 level 1 'system.slice'\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodano mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 sprawdzania sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w pakiet\u00f3w SCTP (wymagana funkcjonalno\u015b\u0107 pojawi si\u0119 w j\u0105drze Linux 5.14). Na przyk\u0142ad, aby sprawdzi\u0107 obecno\u015b\u0107 w pakiecie chunk-a z typem 'data' i polem    'type':       ... sctp chunk data exists    ... sctp chunk data type 0\n<li class=\"l\"> Przyspieszono wykonanie operacji \u0142adowania regu\u0142 w przybli\u017ceniu dwukrotnie za pomoc\u0105 flagi '-f'. Zaktualizowano tak\u017ce szybko\u015b\u0107 wy\u015bwietlania listy regu\u0142.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podano kompaktowy format sprawdzania ustawienia bit\u00f3w w flagach. Na przyk\u0142ad, aby sprawdzi\u0107, czy bity stanu snat i dnat nie s\u0105 ustawione, mo\u017cna poda\u0107: ... ct status ! snat,dnat aby sprawdzi\u0107, czy bit syn jest ustawiony w masce bitowej syn,ack: ... tcp flags syn \/ syn,ack aby sprawdzi\u0107, czy bity fin i rst nie s\u0105 ustawione w masce bitowej syn,ack,fin,rst: ... tcp flags != fin,rst \/ syn,ack,fin,rst\n<li class=\"l\"> Zezwalane jest u\u017cycie s\u0142owa kluczowego \u00abverdict\u00bb w definicjach typeof dla set\/map: add map x m { typeof iifname . ip protocol . th dport : verdict; }    <\/ul>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55214\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.2.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 0.9.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.13-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, 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