{"id":101790,"date":"2021-10-26T16:22:50","date_gmt":"2021-10-26T14:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-kerla-razvivaet-linux-sovmestimoe-yadro-na-yazyke-rust"},"modified":"2021-10-26T16:22:50","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T14:22:51","slug":"proekt-kerla-razvivaet-linux-sovmestimoe-yadro-na-yazyke-rust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/proekt-kerla-razvivaet-linux-sovmestimoe-yadro-na-yazyke-rust","title":{"rendered":"Projekt Kerla rozwija j\u0105dro zgodne z Linuxem w j\u0119zyku Rust","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

W ramach projektu Kerla opracowywane jest j\u0105dro systemu operacyjnego, napisane w j\u0119zyku Rust. Nowe j\u0105dro jest pocz\u0105tkowo ukierunkowane na zapewnienie zgodno\u015bci z j\u0105drami Linux na poziomie ABI, co umo\u017cliwi uruchamianie w \u015brodowisku opartym na Kerla niemodyfikowanych plik\u00f3w wykonywalnych skompilowanych dla Linux. Kod jest rozpowszechniany na licencjach Apache 2.0 i MIT. Projekt rozwija japo\u0144ski programista Seiya Nuta, znany z tworzenia mikroj\u0105drowego systemu operacyjnego Resea, napisanego w j\u0119zyku C. <\/p>\n

Na obecnym etapie rozwoju Kerla mo\u017ce dzia\u0142a\u0107 tylko na systemach z architektur\u0105 x86_64 i zaimplementowano podstawowe wywo\u0142ania systemowe, takie jak write, stat, mmap, pipe i poll, obs\u0142ugiwane s\u0105 sygna\u0142y, nie nazwane kana\u0142y oraz prze\u0142\u0105czanie kontekstu. Do zarz\u0105dzania procesami dost\u0119pne s\u0105 takie wywo\u0142ania, jak fork, wait4 i execve. Obs\u0142uguje tty oraz pseudoterminal (pty). Z system\u00f3w plik\u00f3w obs\u0142ugiwane s\u0105 na razie initramfs (u\u017cywane do montowania g\u0142\u00f3wnego systemu plik\u00f3w), tmpfs oraz devfs. Dostarczany jest stos sieciowy z obs\u0142ug\u0105 gniazd TCP i UDP, zaimplementowany na podstawie biblioteki smoltcp. <\/p>\n

Programista przygotowa\u0142 \u015brodowisko rozruchowe, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna uruchomi\u0107 w QEMU lub w maszynie wirtualnej<\/a> Firecracker z kierowc\u0105 virtio-net, do kt\u00f3rego mo\u017cna ju\u017c po\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 si\u0119 przez SSH. Bibliotek\u0105 systemow\u0105 jest musl, a narz\u0119dziami u\u017cytkownika — BusyBox.

\"Projekt<\/center> <\/p>\n

Na bazie Dockera przygotowano system budowy, kt\u00f3ry pozwala na tworzenie w\u0142asnych rozruchowych initramfs z j\u0105drem Kerla. Oddzielnie rozwijane s\u0105 podobna do fish pow\u0142oka nsh oraz stos GUI Kazari oparty na protokole Wayland.

\"Projekt<\/center> <\/p>\n

Zastosowanie j\u0119zyka Rust w projekcie pozwala na zredukowanie liczby b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w kodzie dzi\u0119ki zastosowaniu technik bezpiecznego programowania oraz zwi\u0119kszeniu efektywno\u015bci wykrywania problem\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z pami\u0119ci\u0105. Bezpieczna praca z pami\u0119ci\u0105 w Rust jest zapewniana podczas kompilacji poprzez sprawdzanie wska\u017anik\u00f3w, \u015bledzenie w\u0142asno\u015bci obiekt\u00f3w oraz uwzgl\u0119dnianie czasu \u017cycia obiekt\u00f3w (zakresu widoczno\u015bci), a tak\u017ce poprzez ocen\u0119 poprawno\u015bci dost\u0119pu do pami\u0119ci podczas wykonywania kodu. Ponadto Rust oferuje \u015brodki ochrony przed przepe\u0142nieniem liczb ca\u0142kowitych, wymaga obowi\u0105zkowej inicjalizacji warto\u015bci zmiennych przed ich u\u017cyciem, stosuje koncepcj\u0119 niemutowalno\u015bci (immutable) wska\u017anik\u00f3w i zmiennych domy\u015blnie oraz zapewnia silne statyczne typowanie w celu minimalizacji b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w logicznych, uproszczenia przetwarzania danych wej\u015bciowych dzi\u0119ki mechanizmowi dopasowywania wzorc\u00f3w. <\/p>\n

Do rozwijania komponent\u00f3w niskopoziomowych, takich jak j\u0105dro systemu operacyjnego, Rust oferuje wsparcie dla wska\u017anik\u00f3w raw, pakowania struktur, asemblerowych wstawek inline oraz wbudowywania plik\u00f3w w asemblerze. Dla pracy niezale\u017cnej od biblioteki standardowej istniej\u0105 oddzielne paczki crate do operacji na ci\u0105gach, wektorach i flagach bitowych. W\u015br\u00f3d zalet mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c wyr\u00f3\u017cni\u0107 wbudowane narz\u0119dzia do oceny jako\u015bci kodu (linter, rust-analyzer) oraz tworzenia test\u00f3w jednostkowych, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna uruchamia\u0107 nie tylko na rzeczywistym sprz\u0119cie, ale r\u00f3wnie\u017c w QEMU.
\n
\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Kerla \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Rust. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c Linux \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 ABI, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Kerla \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 Apache 2.0 \u0438 MIT. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0421\u0435\u0439\u044f \u041d\u0443\u0442\u0430 (Seiya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":101791,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Projekt Kerla rozwija j\u0105dro zgodne z Linuxem w j\u0119zyku Rust | ProHoster","description":"W ramach projektu Kerla trwa prace nad rozwojem j\u0105dra systemu operacyjnego, napisanego w j\u0119zyku 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