{"id":110431,"date":"2023-10-04T15:10:15","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T13:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-firefox-i-cloudflare-vklyuchena-podderzhka-ech-dlya-skrytiya-domena-v-https-trafike"},"modified":"2023-10-04T15:10:15","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T13:10:16","slug":"v-firefox-i-cloudflare-vklyuchena-podderzhka-ech-dlya-skrytiya-domena-v-https-trafike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/v-firefox-i-cloudflare-vklyuchena-podderzhka-ech-dlya-skrytiya-domena-v-https-trafike","title":{"rendered":"W Firefox i Cloudflare w\u0142\u0105czono obs\u0142ug\u0119 ECH, aby ukry\u0107 domen\u0119 w ruchu HTTPS.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Firma Mozilla og\u0142osi\u0142a w\u0142\u0105czenie wsparcia dla mechanizmu ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) z my\u015bl\u0105 o u\u017cytkownikach stabilnej wersji Firefox, co jest kontynuacj\u0105 rozwoju technologii ESNI (Encrypted Server Name Indication) i s\u0142u\u017cy do szyfrowania informacji o parametrach sesji TLS, takich jak \u017c\u0105dana nazwa domeny. Pocz\u0105tkowo kod do obs\u0142ugi ECH zosta\u0142 dodany w wersji Firefox 85, ale by\u0142 domy\u015blnie wy\u0142\u0105czony. W Chrome wsparcie dla ECH zacz\u0119to stopniowo w\u0142\u0105cza\u0107, pocz\u0105wszy od wersji Chrome 115. <\/p>\n

Poniewa\u017c opr\u00f3cz po\u0142\u0105czenia z serwerem<\/a> wyciek danych o \u017c\u0105danych domenach wyst\u0119puje przez DNS, do pe\u0142nej ochrony opr\u00f3cz ECH konieczne jest zastosowanie technologii DNS over HTTPS lub DNS over TLS w celu szyfrowania ruchu DNS. Firefox nie b\u0119dzie u\u017cywa\u0142 ECH bez w\u0142\u0105czenia DNS over HTTPS w ustawieniach. Sprawdzi\u0107 wsparcie ECH w przegl\u0105darce mo\u017cna na tej stronie. <\/p>\n

Jednym z czynnik\u00f3w aktywacji domy\u015blnego wsparcia ECH w Firefoxie by\u0142a niedawna decyzja firmy Cloudflare o w\u0142\u0105czeniu wsparcia dla ECH w swojej sieci dostarczania tre\u015bci. Z praktycznego punktu widzenia, poniewa\u017c dane o \u017c\u0105danych hostach przy zastosowaniu ECH s\u0105 ukryte przed analiz\u0105, do filtrowania i blokowania niepo\u017c\u0105danych stron korzystaj\u0105cych z CDN Cloudflare teraz b\u0119dzie wymagana blokada ca\u0142ej sieci Cloudflare, blokada wszystkich \u017c\u0105da\u0144 z ECH lub zorganizowanie przechwytywania HTTPS przy u\u017cyciu fa\u0142szywych certyfikat\u00f3w g\u0142\u00f3wnych na systemie u\u017cytkownika. <\/p>\n

Pocz\u0105tkowo dla umo\u017cliwienia dzia\u0142ania kilku stron HTTPS na jednym adresie IP stosowano rozszerzenie TLS SNI, w kt\u00f3rym nazwa \u017c\u0105danego hosta by\u0142a wskazywana w wiadomo\u015bci ClientHello, przesy\u0142anej przed ustanowieniem zaszyfrowanego po\u0142\u0105czenia. Taka cecha umo\u017cliwia\u0142a we wczesnym etapie przetwarzania po\u0142\u0105czenia rozdzielanie \u017c\u0105da\u0144 pomi\u0119dzy wirtualne hosty, ale pozwala\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c dostawcom internetu na selektywne filtrowanie ruchu HTTPS oraz analizowanie, kt\u00f3re strony odwiedza u\u017cytkownik, co uniemo\u017cliwia\u0142o uzyskanie pe\u0142nej prywatno\u015bci przy korzystaniu z HTTPS. <\/p>\n

Aby rozwi\u0105za\u0107 ten problem i zapobiec wyciekom informacji o \u017c\u0105danej stronie, zaproponowano rozszerzenie ESNI, kt\u00f3re realizuje szyfrowanie danych z nazw\u0105 hosta. W trakcie wdra\u017cania ESNI ujawniono, \u017ce zaproponowany mechanizm nie obejmuje wszystkich mo\u017cliwych \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 wyciek\u00f3w danych o hostie, a jego zastosowanie jest niewystarczaj\u0105ce do zapewnienia pe\u0142nej poufno\u015bci sesji HTTPS. W szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci podczas wznowienia wcze\u015bniej ustanowionej sesji, nazwa domeny w jawnej postaci nadal by\u0142a wskazywana w liczbie parametr\u00f3w rozszerzenia TLS PSK (Pre-Shared Key). Dodatkowo, pr\u00f3by wdro\u017cenia ESNI ujawni\u0142y problemy z kompatybilno\u015bci\u0105 i skalowalno\u015bci\u0105, kt\u00f3re utrudnia\u0142y powszechne wdro\u017cenie ESNI. <\/p>\n

\u0421 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 ESNI \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c ECH, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 TLS-\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 ECH \u043e\u0442 ESNI \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 ClientHello. ECH \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 ClientHello \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f — \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 ClientHelloInner (SNI Inner) \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 ClientHelloOuter (SNI Outer). \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c SNI Outer \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f TLS \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 Cloudflare \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c SNI Outer \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442 «cloudflare-ech.com», \u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c SNI Inner \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430.

\"W<\/center> <\/p>\n

ECH \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f — \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 DNS \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 HTTPSSVC, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c TXT. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 HPKE (Hybrid Public Key Encryption). ECH \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 serwerze<\/a> i do rozwi\u0105zywania problem\u00f3w z uzyskiwaniem przestarza\u0142ych kluczy z pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej DNS.
\n
\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Mozilla \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 Firefox \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 ECH (Encrypted Client Hello), \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 ESNI (Encrypted Server Name Indication) \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 TLS-\u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f. \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 ECH \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a Firefox 85, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0412 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