{"id":112481,"date":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","slug":"v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"W Fedora planuj\u0105 po\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 zawarto\u015b\u0107 katalog\u00f3w \/usr\/bin i \/usr\/sbin.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>W wydaniu Fedora 40 zaproponowano po\u0142\u0105czenie zawarto\u015bci katalog\u00f3w \/usr\/bin i \/usr\/sbin, zast\u0119puj\u0105c katalog \/usr\/sbin linkiem symbolicznym wskazuj\u0105cym na \/usr\/bin. Przekszta\u0142cenie \/bin i \/sbin w linki symboliczne do \/usr\/bin i \/usr\/sbin zosta\u0142o wykonane w 2012 roku w Fedora 17. Po skupieniu wszystkich plik\u00f3w wykonywalnych w jednym miejscu, wzmianka o katalogu \/usr\/sbin zostanie usuni\u0119ta z zmiennej \u015brodowiskowej PATH. Propozycja ta jest wci\u0105\u017c na etapie dyskusji i nie zosta\u0142a rozpatrzona przez komisj\u0119 FESCo (Fedora Engineering Steering Committee), odpowiedzialn\u0105 za stron\u0119 techniczn\u0105 rozwoju dystrybucji Fedora.    <\/p>\n<p>Zauwa\u017cono, \u017ce podzia\u0142 plik\u00f3w wykonywalnych na katalogi bin i sbin jest przestarza\u0142\u0105 praktyk\u0105, kt\u00f3ra straci\u0142a sens w nowoczesnych dystrybucjach. Pocz\u0105tkowo zak\u0142adano, \u017ce w sbin umieszczane s\u0105 najwa\u017cniejsze pliki wykonywalne, skompilowane statycznie i nadaj\u0105ce si\u0119 do wywo\u0142ania w trybie odzyskiwania, na przyk\u0142ad w przypadku uszkodzenia cz\u0119\u015bci systemu plik\u00f3w lub braku dost\u0119pu do katalogu \/usr. W Fedora ju\u017c od dawna zawarto\u015b\u0107 sbin nie jest kompilowana statycznie, a rzeczywi\u015bcie umieszczana jest w katalogu \/usr, a nie w katalogu g\u0142\u00f3wnym.     <\/p>\n<p>Podzia\u0142 na sbin i bin by\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c stosowany do oddzielania program\u00f3w dla administratora i zwyk\u0142ego u\u017cytkownika, ale kryteria umieszczania program\u00f3w w sbin lub bin s\u0105 wystarczaj\u0105co niejasne, a od wielu lat w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci dystrybucji zmienna \u015brodowiskowa PATH dla wszystkich u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w zawiera zar\u00f3wno \/usr\/bin, jak i \/usr\/sbin (systemd domy\u015blnie dodaje oba katalogi do PATH dla wszystkich u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w i us\u0142ug). Zatem w praktyce podzia\u0142 bin i sbin od dawna nie jest stosowany i jedynie przeszkadza, gdy trzeba u\u017cy\u0107 bezwzgl\u0119dnej \u015bcie\u017cki do pliku wykonywalnego, szczeg\u00f3lnie w warunkach, gdy r\u00f3\u017cne dystrybucje w r\u00f3\u017cny spos\u00f3b rozdzielaj\u0105 pliki wykonywalne po katalogach bin i sbin.     <\/p>\n<p>Ujednolicenie katalog\u00f3w bin i sbin upro\u015bci prac\u0119 os\u00f3b zarz\u0105dzaj\u0105cych pakietami, eliminuj\u0105c konieczno\u015b\u0107 zgadywania, w kt\u00f3rym katalogu umie\u015bci\u0107 plik wykonywalny; sprawi, \u017ce system b\u0119dzie bardziej przewidywalny i zrozumia\u0142y dla u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w; zwi\u0119kszy kompatybilno\u015b\u0107 z innymi dystrybucjami (na przyk\u0142ad, w Fedora narz\u0119dzie ip znajdowa\u0142o si\u0119 w sbin, a w Debianie w bin. Po ujednoliceniu typowa dla Debiana \u015bcie\u017cka zadzia\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c w Fedora); uczyni dystrybucj\u0119 bardziej kompatybiln\u0105 z Arch Linux, kt\u00f3ry po\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 sbin i bin w 2013 roku; zmniejszy liczb\u0119 sprawdze\u0144 katalog\u00f3w podczas wykonywania execvp() i podobnych wywo\u0142a\u0144 (b\u0119dziemy musieli przeszukiwa\u0107 jeden katalog, a nie dwa); upro\u015bci wyszukiwanie w logach i analiz\u0119 wynik\u00f3w narz\u0119dzi, takich jak strace.<br \/>\n<br \/>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60343\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 Fedora 40 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \/usr\/sbin \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/bin \u0438 \/sbin \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 2012 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 Fedora 17. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta 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