{"id":121960,"date":"2025-02-16T20:22:05","date_gmt":"2025-02-16T18:22:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-postgresql-ustranena-uyazvimost-ispolzovannaya-pri-atake-na-beyondtrust"},"modified":"2025-02-16T20:22:05","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T18:22:05","slug":"v-postgresql-ustranena-uyazvimost-ispolzovannaya-pri-atake-na-beyondtrust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/v-postgresql-ustranena-uyazvimost-ispolzovannaya-pri-atake-na-beyondtrust","title":{"rendered":"W PostgreSQL usuni\u0119to luk\u0119 wykorzystan\u0105 w ataku na BeyondTrust","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Zosta\u0142y wydane poprawki dla wszystkich wspieranych wersji PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 i 13.19, w kt\u00f3rych naprawiono ponad 70 b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w oraz usuni\u0119to podatno\u015b\u0107 (CVE-2025-1094), wykorzystan\u0105 pod koniec grudnia w ataku na firm\u0119 BeyondTrust oraz Ministerstwo Finans\u00f3w USA. Problem w PostgreSQL ujawniono w trakcie analizy zdalnej podatno\u015bci (CVE-2024-12356) w us\u0142ugach BeyondTrust PRA (Privileged Remote Access) i BeyondTrust RS (Remote Support), w kt\u00f3rej dodatkowo wykorzystano wcze\u015bniej nieznan\u0105 (0-day) podatno\u015b\u0107 w libpq. <\/p>\n

W wyniku ataku cyberprzest\u0119pcy uzyskali dost\u0119p do klucza API, u\u017cywanego do zdalnego \u015bwiadczenia us\u0142ug wsparcia technicznego klientom us\u0142ug SaaS firmy BeyondTrust. Ten API zosta\u0142 wykorzystany do resetowania hase\u0142 i naruszenia infrastruktury Ministerstwa Finans\u00f3w USA, kt\u00f3re korzysta z produkt\u00f3w BeyondTrust. W trakcie ataku cyberprzest\u0119pcy mogli pobra\u0107 poufne dokumenty i uzyskali dost\u0119p do stacji roboczych pracownik\u00f3w ministerstwa. <\/p>\n

Podatno\u015b\u0107 wyst\u0119puje w bibliotece libpq, kt\u00f3ra dostarcza API do interakcji z bazami danych z program\u00f3w napisanych w j\u0119zyku C (na tej bibliotece realizowane s\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c biblioteki opakowuj\u0105ce dla C++, Perl, PHP i Python). Problem dotyczy aplikacji, kt\u00f3re korzystaj\u0105 z funkcji PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString() lub PQescapeStringConn() w celu zabezpieczenia znak\u00f3w specjalnych i neutralizacji cudzys\u0142ow\u00f3w. <\/p>\n

Atakuj\u0105cy mo\u017ce wprowadzi\u0107 sw\u00f3j kod SQL, je\u015bli tekst otrzymywany z zewn\u0105trz przed u\u017cyciem w zapytaniu SQL jest zabezpieczany przy pomocy wy\u017cej wymienionych funkcji libpq. W aplikacjach BeyondTrust takie zabezpieczone zapytania by\u0142y przekazywane za pomoc\u0105 narz\u0119dzia wiersza polece\u0144 psql. Podatno\u015b\u0107 wynika z braku w funkcjach zabezpieczaj\u0105cych weryfikacji poprawno\u015bci u\u017cywanych znak\u00f3w Unicode w tek\u015bcie, co pozwala na obej\u015bcie normalizacji cudzys\u0142ow\u00f3w poprzez wskazanie nieprawid\u0142owych wielobajtowych sekwencji UTF-8. <\/p>\n

Wykorzystanie tej podatno\u015bci polega na u\u017cyciu niepoprawnego symbolu UTF-8 sk\u0142adaj\u0105cego si\u0119 z bajt\u00f3w 0xC0 i 0x27 («\u2514'»). Bajt 0x27 w kodowaniu ASCII odpowiada pojedynczemu apostrofowi («‘»), kt\u00f3ry wymaga ucieczki. W kodzie escape kombinacja bajt\u00f3w 0xC0 i 0x27 jest traktowana jako jeden symbol Unicode. Zatem bajt 0x27 w ten sekwencji pozostaje nieusuni\u0119ty, podczas gdy podczas przetwarzania zapytania SQL w narz\u0119dziu psql jest traktowany jako apostrof. <\/p>\n

Przy uruchamianiu zapyta\u0144 SQL<\/a> za pomoc\u0105 narz\u0119dzia psql w celu zorganizowania wykonania dowolnego kodu mo\u017cna u\u017cy\u0107 podstawienia w linii polece\u0144 «\!», kt\u00f3re jest przeznaczone w psql do uruchamiania dowolnych program\u00f3w. Na przyk\u0142ad, aby uruchomi\u0107 na serwerze<\/a> narz\u0119dziu «id» mo\u017cesz przekaza\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 «hax\xC0′; \! id #». W poni\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie do ucieczki wywo\u0142ywany jest skrypt PHP dbquote, kt\u00f3ry u\u017cywa funkcji PHP pg_escape_string dzia\u0142aj\u0105cej na podstawie funkcji PQescapeString z libpq: $ echo -e «hello \xC0’world'» | .\\\/dbquote ‘hello \u2514’world»’ $ quoted=$(echo -e «hax\xC0′; \! id # » | .\\\/dbquote) $ echo «SELECT COUNT(1) FROM gw_sessions WHERE session_key = $quoted AND session_type = ‘sdcust’ AND (expiration IS NULL OR expiration>NOW())» | psql -e SELECT COUNT(1) FROM gw_sessions WHERE session_key = ‘hax\u2514’; ERROR: niepoprawna sekwencja bajt\u00f3w dla kodowania «UTF8»: 0xc0 0x27 uid=1000(myexamplecompany) gid=1000(myexamplecompany)
\n
\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 \u0438 13.19, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 70 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2025-1094), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e BeyondTrust \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CVE-2024-12356) \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 BeyondTrust PRA (Privileged Remote Access) \u0438 BeyondTrust […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47W PostgreSQL naprawiono luk\u0119, kt\u00f3ra zosta\u0142a wykorzystana w ataku na BeyondTrust | ProHoster","description":"Zosta\u0142y przygotowane aktualizacje koryguj\u0105ce dla wszystkich obs\u0142ugiwanych ga\u0142\u0119zi PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 i 13.19, w kt\u00f3rych naprawiono ponad 70 b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w oraz usuni\u0119to luk\u0119 (CVE-2025-1094), pod koniec grudnia.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/v-postgresql-ustranena-uyazvimost-ispolzovannaya-pri-atake-na-beyondtrust","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pl_PL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412 PostgreSQL \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 BeyondTrust | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 \u0438 13.19, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 70 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2025-1094), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 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