{"id":153453,"date":"2026-01-08T11:11:55","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T09:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/analiz-ispravleniya-oshibok-v-yadre-linux-v-srednem-oshibki-zamechayut-cherez-2-goda"},"modified":"2026-01-08T11:11:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T09:11:56","slug":"analiz-ispravleniya-oshibok-v-yadre-linux-v-srednem-oshibki-zamechayut-cherez-2-goda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/analiz-ispravleniya-oshibok-v-yadre-linux-v-srednem-oshibki-zamechayut-cherez-2-goda","title":{"rendered":"Analiza b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w j\u0105drze Linux - \u015brednio b\u0142\u0119dy s\u0105 zauwa\u017cane po 2 latach","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Opublikowano wyniki badania czasu wykrywania i usuwania b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w rdzeniu Linuxa. Dane uzyskano w wyniku analizy 125 tysi\u0119cy b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w oznaczonych w repozytorium Git tagiem «Fixes:», odnosz\u0105cym si\u0119 do commit\u00f3w, w kt\u00f3rych wyst\u0105pi\u0142 b\u0142\u0105d. \u015aredni czas wykrywania b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w rdzeniu wyni\u00f3s\u0142 2,1 roku. Je\u015bli rozpatrywa\u0107 jedynie b\u0142\u0119dy naprawione w 2025 roku, ten wska\u017anik wyni\u00f3s\u0142 2,8 roku. <\/p>\n

30% b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w zosta\u0142o usuni\u0119tych przez tych samych deweloper\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy je wprowadzili. 56,9% b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w naprawiono w ci\u0105gu roku. 13,5% b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w pozostawa\u0142o niezauwa\u017conych przez ponad 5 lat (je\u015bli uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 tylko b\u0142\u0119dy naprawione w 2025 roku \u2014 19,4%). Z powodu nier\u00f3wnomiernego rozk\u0142adu medianowy czas istnienia b\u0142\u0119du w kodzie rdzenia wyni\u00f3s\u0142 8 miesi\u0119cy dla pr\u00f3by z 2005 roku oraz 1 rok dla b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w naprawionych w 2025 roku. Najd\u0142u\u017cej utrzymuj\u0105cym si\u0119 w kodzie b\u0142\u0119dem by\u0142o przepe\u0142nienie bufora w ethtool, usuni\u0119te po 20,7 roku.

\"Analiza<\/center> <\/p>\n

Dynamika wykrywania b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w znacznie r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 od \u015bredniej dla niekt\u00f3rych podsystem\u00f3w, na przyk\u0142ad w sterowniku magistrali CAN i stosie SCTP wykrycie problem\u00f3w \u015brednio zajmuje oko\u0142o 4 lat, w stosie IPv4 \u2014 3,6 lat, USB i TTY \u2014 3,5, Netfilter i stos sieciowy \u2014 2,9, VM \u2014 1,8, GPU \u2014 1,4, BPF \u2014 1,1 roku.

\"Analiza<\/center> <\/p>\n

Czas wykrywania koreluje z typami b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w: \u015bredni czas wykrywania b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z warunkami wy\u015bcigu wyni\u00f3s\u0142 5,1 roku, przepe\u0142nieniem liczb ca\u0142kowitych \u2014 3,9, dost\u0119pem do pami\u0119ci po zwolnieniu \u2014 3,2, przepe\u0142nieniem bufora i wyciekiem pami\u0119ci \u2014 3,1, zliczaniem referencji \u2014 2,8, dereferencj\u0105 wska\u017anika zerowego i deadlockami \u2014 2,2 roku. <\/p>\n

W uzyskanej statystyce mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c zauwa\u017cy\u0107 wp\u0142yw wprowadzenia nowych narz\u0119dzi do automatycznego znajdowania b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w, analizy statycznej i testowania kodu, takich jak Syzkaller, KASAN, KMSAN i KCSAN. Na przyk\u0142ad, w 2010 roku nie odnotowano poprawek b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w znalezionych w ci\u0105gu roku. W tym samym czasie, w 2014 roku, w ci\u0105gu roku wykrywano 31% b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w, w 2018 roku \u2014 54%, a w 2022 roku \u2014 69% b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w. <\/p>\n

Uzyskane statystyki zosta\u0142y wykorzystane do stworzenia modelu uczenia maszynowego VulnBERT, kt\u00f3ry pozwala przewidywa\u0107 obecno\u015b\u0107 podatno\u015bci w commitach. Podczas testowania na commitach z 2024 roku dok\u0142adno\u015b\u0107 wykrywania b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w wynios\u0142a 92,2% przy poziomie fa\u0142szywych alarm\u00f3w na poziomie 1,2% (dla por\u00f3wnania, wcze\u015bniej dost\u0119pny model CodeBERT wykrywa\u0142 89,2% problem\u00f3w przy poziomie fa\u0142szywych alarm\u00f3w wynosz\u0105cym 48,1%).
\n
\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 125 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043c «Fixes:», \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e 2.1 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 2025 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b 2.8 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":153454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Analiza naprawy b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w j\u0105drze Linux \u2014 w \u015brednim czasie b\u0142\u0119dy s\u0105 zauwa\u017cane po 2 latach | ProHoster","description":"Opublikowane wyniki badania czasu wykrywania i usuwania b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w kodzie j\u0105dra 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