{"id":153472,"date":"2026-01-09T11:12:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4"},"modified":"2026-01-09T11:12:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:12:29","slug":"vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4","title":{"rendered":"Przywr\u00f3cono kod UNIXv4, pierwszego systemu operacyjnego z j\u0105drem napisanym w j\u0119zyku C. Luka w UNIXv4","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Pod koniec ubieg\u0142ego roku podczas sprz\u0105tania w centrum obliczeniowym Uniwersytetu w Utah odkryto archiwaln\u0105 ta\u015bm\u0119 magnetyczn\u0105 z kodem systemu operacyjnego UNIXv4, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 opracowany w 1973 roku dla komputer\u00f3w PDP-11\/45 i uznawany by\u0142 za zaginiony. UNIXv4 kontynuowa\u0142 rozw\u00f3j wydanego rok wcze\u015bniej systemu UNIXv3, w kt\u00f3rym po raz pierwszy zastosowano j\u0119zyk C oraz nienazwane kana\u0142y. Cech\u0105 charakterystyczn\u0105 UNIXv4 by\u0142o przepisanie j\u0105dra z assemblera na j\u0119zyk C. Kod j\u0105dra UNIXv4 zosta\u0142 napisany przez Kena Thompsona, a sterowniki \u2014 przez Dennisa Ritchiego. <\/p>\n

Pod koniec grudnia 2025 roku pracownicy muzeum historii techniki komputerowej zdo\u0142ali znale\u017a\u0107 niezb\u0119dne urz\u0105dzenie i odzyska\u0107 dane zapisane na ta\u015bmie. Do cyfryzacji zapisanego na ta\u015bmie sygna\u0142u analogowego u\u017cyto narz\u0119dzi readtape, a do dekodowania formatu archiwum wykorzystano opracowania stworzone w procesie przywracania archiwum przy implementacji edytora Emacs autorstwa Jamesa Goslinga. <\/p>\n

Opr\u00f3cz kodu UNIXv4 na ta\u015bmie znaleziono r\u00f3wnie\u017c \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142owe teksty jednego z pierwszych kompilator\u00f3w dla j\u0119zyka C oraz interpreter j\u0119zyka SNOBOL. P\u00f3\u017aniej kod UNIXv4 zosta\u0142 uporz\u0105dkowany i opublikowany na GitHubie w formie nadaj\u0105cej si\u0119 do kompilacji i uruchomienia w symulatorze PDP-11. Kod UNIXv4 obejmuje 61 tysi\u0119cy linii, z kt\u00f3rych 27 tysi\u0119cy jest napisanych w j\u0119zyku C, 33 tysi\u0105ce w assemblerze dla PDP-11 i oko\u0142o tysi\u0105ca \u2014 to pliki nag\u0142\u00f3wkowe.

\"Przywr\u00f3cono<\/center> <\/p>\n

Jeden z badaczy bezpiecze\u0144stwa zwr\u00f3ci\u0142 uwag\u0119 na narz\u0119dzie \u201esu\u201d, dostarczane w UNIXv4. Narz\u0119dzie to zawiera\u0142o mniej ni\u017c 50 linii kodu, instalowa\u0142o si\u0119 z flag\u0105 setuid-root i pozwala\u0142o uruchomi\u0107 \/bin\/sh z uprawnieniami root po wprowadzeniu poprawnego has\u0142a. Kod zawiera\u0142 luk\u0119, prowadz\u0105c\u0105 do przepe\u0142nienia bufora z powodu kopiowania wprowadzanego przez u\u017cytkownika has\u0142a do sta\u0142ej tablicy 100-znakowej bez sprawdzania rozmiaru wprowadzonych danych. <\/p>\n

Zidentyfikowany problem skomentowa\u0142 93-letni Douglas McIlroy, cz\u0142onek zespo\u0142u pierwotnych tw\u00f3rc\u00f3w Uniksa w Bell Labs, kt\u00f3ry zaproponowa\u0142 koncepcj\u0119 nienazwanych kana\u0142\u00f3w i stworzy\u0142 takie narz\u0119dzia jak echo, spell, diff, sort, join i tr. Wed\u0142ug Douglasa, przed pojawieniem si\u0119 robaka Morrisa w 1988 roku niewielu zwraca\u0142o uwag\u0119 na przepe\u0142nienia bufor\u00f3w. Dodanie sprawdze\u0144 rozmiaru r\u0119cznie wprowadzanych danych traktowano jako dodanie zb\u0119dnego kodu, a awaryjne zako\u0144czenie przy przepe\u0142nieniu uznawano za niezgrabn\u0105 odpowied\u017a na nieprawid\u0142owe dane wej\u015bciowe. Z czasem przepe\u0142nienia wynikaj\u0105ce z przetwarzania automatycznie generowanych ci\u0105g\u00f3w zacz\u0119to naprawia\u0107, ale w przypadku r\u0119cznego wprowadzania logika by\u0142a na poziomie \u201ekto mo\u017ce potrzebowa\u0107 r\u0119cznie wprowadza\u0107 zbyt d\u0142ugie ci\u0105gi?\u201d.
\n
\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u042e\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv4, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u042d\u0412\u041c PDP-11\/45 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439. UNIXv4 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv3, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":153473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Przywr\u00f3cono kod UNIXv4, pierwszego systemu operacyjnego z j\u0105drem w j\u0119zyku C. 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\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv4, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u042d\u0412\u041c PDP-11\/45 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