{"id":181694,"date":"2026-05-24T00:25:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386"},"modified":"2026-05-24T00:25:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:25:21","slug":"vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","title":{"rendered":"Zrealizowano dezasemblacj\u0119 mikrokodu i386 i stworzono otwarty CPU z386","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Enthusiasts have successfully extracted and disassembled the microcode of the Intel 80386 processor, which was considered a 'black box' due to the lack of documentation. The binary image of the microcode was recreated with the help of AI using high-resolution photos of the die, and the operational logic was analyzed through tracing the connections on the die. Gradually, the structure of the micro-operations (\u03bc-ops), fields, execution order, and instruction end markers were identified. The project's findings have been published on GitHub as public domain.<\/p>\n

\"Zrealizowano<\/center><\/p>\n

Stwierdzono, \u017ce w CPU 80386 ka\u017cda instrukcja jest ca\u0142kowicie realizowana przez mikrokod, podczas gdy w 8086 i nowoczesnych procesorach cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 instrukcji jest przetwarzana bezpo\u015brednio. Ponadto, w przeciwie\u0144stwie do procesor\u00f3w 8086, w 80386 mikrokod nie implementuje algorytm\u00f3w bezpo\u015brednio, lecz g\u0142\u00f3wnie konfiguruje akceleratory sprz\u0119towe (mno\u017cnik, dzielnik, szybki przesuni\u0119cie, PTU (Protection Test Unit)). <\/p>\n

W trakcie badania odkryto r\u00f3wnie\u017c mo\u017cliwy problem z bezpiecze\u0144stwem podczas przetwarzania bitmapy uprawnie\u0144 dost\u0119pu do wej\u015bcia\/wyj\u015bcia (IO permission bitmap): przy 4-bajtowych odwo\u0142aniach do port\u00f3w sprawdzano bity uprawnie\u0144 tylko dla pierwszych 3 bajt\u00f3w, a dost\u0119p do 4. bajtu nie by\u0142 weryfikowany, co teoretycznie pozwala\u0142o na dost\u0119p do rejestr\u00f3w sprz\u0119towych, do kt\u00f3rych dost\u0119p powinien by\u0107 zablokowany.<\/p>\n

Na podstawie opublikowanego mikrokodu opracowano otwarty CPU z386, realizowany w j\u0119zyku SystemVerilog i dzia\u0142aj\u0105cy na FPGA. Zamiast realizowa\u0107 ka\u017cd\u0105 instrukcj\u0119 w formie oddzielnego RTL (Register-transfer level), w z386 wdro\u017cono struktury sprz\u0119towe, kt\u00f3rymi zarz\u0105dza oryginalny mikrokod. Wydajno\u015b\u0107 przygotowanej realizacji odpowiada szybkiemu 386 PC (~70MHz). Pod kontrol\u0105 z386 uda\u0142o si\u0119 z powodzeniem uruchomi\u0107 DOS 6\/7, DOS\/4GW, DOS\/32A oraz takie gry, jak Doom i Cannon Fodder.
\n
\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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