{"id":181741,"date":"2026-05-26T02:49:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T00:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386"},"modified":"2026-05-26T02:49:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T00:49:06","slug":"entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","title":{"rendered":"Entuzja\u015bci zdisasemblerowali mikrokod i386 i stworzyli otwarty CPU z386","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/495040ba8dffef375f674e59965a66da.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>Entuzja\u015bci <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reenigne.org\/blog\/80386-microcode-disassembled\">sukcesywnie<\/a> z powodzeniem wydobyto i zdesasemblowano mikrokod procesora Intel 80386, kt\u00f3ry z powodu braku dokumentacji uwa\u017cany by\u0142 za \u00abczarn\u0105 skrzynk\u0119\u00bb. Obraz binarny mikrokodu zosta\u0142 odtworzony z wykorzystaniem AI na podstawie zdj\u0119\u0107 kryszta\u0142u o wysokiej rozdzielczo\u015bci, a logika dzia\u0142ania zosta\u0142a zbadana poprzez \u015bledzenie po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 na kryszta\u0142ach. Stopniowo okre\u015blono struktur\u0119 mikrokomend (\u03bc-ops), pola, kolejno\u015b\u0107 wykonania i znaczniki ko\u0144ca instrukcji. Osi\u0105gni\u0119cia projektu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/reenigne\/x86_microcode\/tree\/main\/80386\">opublikowane<\/a> znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 na GitHubie jako dobro publiczne.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zidentyfikowano, \u017ce w procesorze 80386 ka\u017cda instrukcja jest w pe\u0142ni realizowana przez mikrokod, podczas gdy w 8086 i nowoczesnych procesorach cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 instrukcji jest przetwarzana bezpo\u015brednio. Ponadto, w przeciwie\u0144stwie do procesor\u00f3w 8086, w 80386 mikrokod nie realizuje algorytm\u00f3w bezpo\u015brednio, a g\u0142\u00f3wnie konfiguruje przyspieszacze sprz\u0119towe (mno\u017cnik, dzielnik, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barrel_shifter\">szybkie przesuni\u0119cie<\/a>, PTU (Protection Test Unit)).<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>W trakcie badania r\u00f3wnie\u017c odkryto potencjalny problem z bezpiecze\u0144stwem podczas przetwarzania bitmapy praw dost\u0119pu do wej\u015bcia\/wyj\u015bcia (bitmapa uprawnie\u0144 IO): przy 4-bajtowym dost\u0119pie do port\u00f3w sprawdzano bity uprawnie\u0144 tylko dla pierwszych 3 bajt\u00f3w, a dost\u0119p do 4. bajtu nie by\u0142 weryfikowany, co teoretycznie umo\u017cliwia\u0142o dost\u0119p do rejestr\u00f3w sprz\u0119towych, do kt\u00f3rych dost\u0119p powinien by\u0107 zabroniony.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><\/p>\n<p>Na podstawie opublikowanego mikrokodu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nand2mario.github.io\/posts\/2026\/z386\">zosta\u0142 opracowany<\/a> otwarty CPU <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nand2mario\/z386\">z386<\/a>, zaimplementowany w j\u0119zyku SystemVerilog i dzia\u0142aj\u0105cy z wykorzystaniem FPGA. Zamiast implementacji ka\u017cdej instrukcji w formie oddzielnego <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87\">RTL (wikipedia.org)<\/a> (Register-transfer level) w z386 wprowadzone s\u0105 struktury sprz\u0119towe, kt\u00f3rymi zarz\u0105dza oryginalny mikrokod. Wydajno\u015b\u0107 przygotowanej implementacji odpowiada szybkiemu PC386 (~70MHz). Na z386 uda\u0142o si\u0119 skutecznie uruchomi\u0107 DOS 6\/7, DOS\/4GW, DOS\/32A oraz gry, takie jak Doom i Cannon Fodder.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/hardware\/18300992\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 Intel 80386, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f &laquo;\u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c&raquo;. \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c AI \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (\u03bc-ops), \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-181741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erik Peterson\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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