{"id":31915,"date":"2019-10-31T21:43:56","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/polzovatel-v-docker\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:43:56","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:56","slug":"polzovatel-v-docker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/polzovatel-v-docker","title":{"rendered":"U\u017cytkownik w Dockerze","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/aak74\/posts\/\">Andrzej Kopy\u0142ow<\/a><\/noindex>, nasz dyrektor techniczny, uwielbia, aktywnie wykorzystuje i promuje Dockera. W nowym artykule opowiada, jak tworzy\u0107 u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w w Dockerze. Poprawne zarz\u0105dzanie nimi, dlaczego nie powinno si\u0119 zostawia\u0107 u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w z prawami root oraz jak rozwi\u0105za\u0107 problem niezgodno\u015bci wska\u017anik\u00f3w w Dockerfile.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Wszystkie procesy w kontenerze b\u0119d\u0105 dzia\u0142a\u0107 jako u\u017cytkownik root, je\u015bli nie wska\u017a si\u0119 go w spos\u00f3b specjalny. To wydaje si\u0119 bardzo wygodne, poniewa\u017c ten u\u017cytkownik nie ma \u017cadnych ogranicze\u0144. Dlatego praca jako root jest niew\u0142a\u015bciwa z punktu widzenia bezpiecze\u0144stwa. Je\u015bli na lokalnym komputerze nikt w zdrowym rozs\u0105dku nie pracuje z prawami roota, wielu uruchamia procesy jako root w kontenerach.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Zawsze istniej\u0105 b\u0142\u0119dy, kt\u00f3re pozwalaj\u0105 z\u0142o\u015bliwemu oprogramowaniu wydosta\u0107 si\u0119 z kontenera i dosta\u0107 si\u0119 na komputer hosta. Zak\u0142adaj\u0105c najgorsze, musimy zapewni\u0107 uruchamianie proces\u00f3w wewn\u0105trz kontenera jako u\u017cytkownik, kt\u00f3ry nie ma \u017cadnych praw na komputerze hosta.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Tworzenie u\u017cytkownika<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tworzenie u\u017cytkownika w kontenerze nie r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 od tworzenia go w dystrybucjach linuksowych. Jednak dla r\u00f3\u017cnych podstawowych obraz\u00f3w polecenia mog\u0105 si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni\u0107.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dla dystrybucji opartych na debianie w Dockerfile nale\u017cy doda\u0107:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">RUN groupadd --gid 2000 node \n  &amp;&amp; useradd --uid 2000 --gid node --shell \/bin\/bash --create-home node<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dla alpine:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">RUN addgroup -g 2000 node \n    &amp;&amp; adduser -u 2000 -G node -s \/bin\/sh -D node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Uruchamianie proces\u00f3w jako u\u017cytkownik<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aby uruchomi\u0107 wszystkie kolejne procesy jako u\u017cytkownik o UID 2000 wykonaj:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">USER 2000<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aby uruchomi\u0107 wszystkie kolejne procesy jako u\u017cytkownik node wykonaj:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">USER node<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Wi\u0119cej informacji w <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/reference\/builder\/#user\">dokumentacji<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Montowanie wolumen\u00f3w<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podczas montowania wolumen\u00f3w do kontenera zapewnij u\u017cytkownikowi mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 czytania i (lub) zapisywania plik\u00f3w. W tym celu UID (GID) u\u017cytkownika w kontenerze oraz u\u017cytkownika poza kontenerem, kt\u00f3ry ma odpowiednie prawa dost\u0119pu do pliku, musz\u0105 by\u0107 zgodne. Przy tym nazwy u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w nie maj\u0105 znaczenia.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Cz\u0119sto na komputerze linuksowym u\u017cytkownik ma UID i GID r\u00f3wne 1000. Te identyfikatory s\u0105 przypisywane pierwszemu u\u017cytkownikowi komputera.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Poznanie swoich identyfikator\u00f3w jest proste:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">id<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uzyskasz wyczerpuj\u0105ce informacje o swoim u\u017cytkowniku.<br \/>\nZast\u0105p 2000 w przyk\u0142ady swoim identyfikatorem, a wszystko b\u0119dzie w porz\u0105dku.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Przypisanie u\u017cytkownikowi UID i GID<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je\u015bli u\u017cytkownik zosta\u0142 utworzony wcze\u015bniej, ale konieczna jest zmiana identyfikator\u00f3w, mo\u017cna to zrobi\u0107 w ten spos\u00f3b:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">RUN usermod -u 1000 node \n  &amp;&amp; groupmod -g 1000 node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je\u015bli u\u017cywasz podstawowego obrazu alpine, musisz zainstalowa\u0107 pakiet shadow:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">RUN apk add --no-cache shadow<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Przekazanie identyfikatora u\u017cytkownika do kontenera podczas budowania obrazu<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je\u015bli tw\u00f3j identyfikator i identyfikatory wszystkich os\u00f3b pracuj\u0105cych nad projektem si\u0119 zgadzaj\u0105, wystarczy poda\u0107 ten identyfikator w Dockerfile. Jednak cz\u0119sto identyfikatory u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jak osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 to, co chcemy, nie jest od razu oczywiste. Dla mnie to by\u0142o najtrudniejsze w procesie nauki docker. Wielu u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w dockera nie zastanawia si\u0119 nad tym, \u017ce istniej\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne etapy \u017cycia obrazu. Na pocz\u0105tku obraz jest budowany w tym celu u\u017cywa si\u0119 Dockerfile. Po uruchomieniu kontenera z obrazu Dockerfile nie jest ju\u017c u\u017cywany.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tworzenie u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w powinno odbywa\u0107 si\u0119 podczas budowania obrazu. To samo dotyczy okre\u015blenia u\u017cytkownika, z kt\u00f3rego uruchamiane s\u0105 procesy. Oznacza to, \u017ce w jaki\u015b spos\u00f3b musimy przekaza\u0107 do kontenera UID (GID).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Do u\u017cywania zmiennych zewn\u0119trznych w Dockerfile s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 dyrektywy <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/reference\/builder\/#env\">ENV<\/a><\/noindex> i\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/reference\/builder\/#arg\">ARG<\/a><\/noindex>. Szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe por\u00f3wnanie dyrektyw <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vsupalov.com\/docker-arg-env-variable-guide\/\">tutaj<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dockerfile<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">ARG UID=1000\nARG GID=1000\nENV UID=${UID}\nENV GID=${GID}\nRUN usermod -u $UID node \n  &amp;&amp; groupmod -g $GID node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Argumenty mo\u017cna przekaza\u0107 przez docker-compose w ten spos\u00f3b:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>docker-compose<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"nginx\">build:\n  context: .\/src\/backend\n  args:\n    UID: 1000\n    GID: 1000\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P.S. Aby opanowa\u0107 wszystkie tajniki dockera, nie wystarczy czyta\u0107 dokumentacj\u0119 ani artyku\u0142y. Trzeba du\u017co praktykowa\u0107, trzeba poczu\u0107 dockera.<\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448480\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043f\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0442, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 Docker. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u00a0Docker. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439\u00a0\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u00a0root \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u00a0Dockerfile. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0432\u00a0\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437-\u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f root, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u00a0\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0443\u00a0\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f 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