{"id":34721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/plany-po-usileniyu-mehanizma-zashhity-w-x-v-openbsd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:00","slug":"plany-po-usileniyu-mehanizma-zashhity-w-x-v-openbsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/plany-po-usileniyu-mehanizma-zashhity-w-x-v-openbsd","title":{"rendered":"Plany wzmocnienia mechanizmu ochrony W^X w OpenBSD","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Theo De Raadt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=openbsd-tech&#038;m=155899373514678&#038;w=2\">podzieli\u0142 si\u0119<\/a><\/noindex> planami wzmocnienia mechanizmu ochrony pami\u0119ci W^X (Write XOR Execute). Istota mechanizmu polega na tym, \u017ce strony pami\u0119ci procesu nie mog\u0105 by\u0107 jednocze\u015bnie dost\u0119pne do zapisu i wykonania. W ten spos\u00f3b, kod mo\u017ce by\u0107 wykonany tylko po zablokowaniu zapisu, a zapis do strony pami\u0119ci jest mo\u017cliwy tylko po zakazaniu wykonania. Mechanizm W^X pomaga chroni\u0107 aplikacje w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika przed typowymi atakami, przeprowadzanymi za pomoc\u0105 przepe\u0142nienia bufora, w tym przed przepe\u0142nieniami stosu i jest aktywny w OpenBSD <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=44506\">domy\u015blnie<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Od pocz\u0105tku prac nad W^X by\u0142o jasne, \u017ce to d\u0142uga droga, poniewa\u017c istnieje znaczna liczba aplikacji korzystaj\u0105cych z JIT. Realizacje JIT mo\u017cna podzieli\u0107 na trzy kategorie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prze\u0142\u0105czaj\u0105ce pami\u0119\u0107 mi\u0119dzy stanami W i X, godz\u0105c si\u0119 z \u201ekosztem\u201d wywo\u0142ania systemowego <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man.openbsd.org\/mprotect.2\">mprotect<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tworz\u0105ce aliasy mi\u0119dzy par\u0105 W i X odwzorowa\u0144 tej samej pami\u0119ci.\n<li class=\"l\"> Najbardziej \u201ebrudna\u201d opcja \u2014 wymagaj\u0105ca modelu pami\u0119ci W|X, dopuszczaj\u0105cego jednoczesne wykonywanie zapisu i wykonania.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Obecnie znacznie mniej program\u00f3w korzysta z trzeciej opcji, a wi\u0119cej u\u017cywa pierwszej i drugiej. Niemniej jednak, poniewa\u017c konieczne by\u0142o uruchamianie program\u00f3w z JIT W|X (g\u0142\u00f3wnie Chromium i Iridium), dodano opcj\u0119 montowania systemu plik\u00f3w \u201ewxallowed\u201d, kt\u00f3ra pozwala\u0142a na u\u017cywanie pami\u0119ci jednocze\u015bnie do zapisu i wykonania, je\u015bli wykonywalny plik ELF by\u0142 oznaczony znacznikiem \u201ewxneeded\u201d, a same aplikacje by\u0142y dodatkowo chronione, u\u017cywaj\u0105c mechanizm\u00f3w <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=43295\">pledge<\/a><\/noindex> i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49042\">unveil<\/a><\/noindex> w celu ograniczenia listy u\u017cywanych wywo\u0142a\u0144 systemowych oraz dost\u0119pnych dla aplikacji cz\u0119\u015bci systemu plik\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>Aby dodatkowo utrudni\u0107 wykorzystanie luk w bezpiecze\u0144stwie w podobnych aplikacjach, zaproponowano rozszerzenie mechanizmu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48243\">MAP_STACK<\/a><\/noindex>, kt\u00f3re sprawdza, czy wywo\u0142anie systemowe jest wykonywane z dost\u0119pnej do zapisu strony pami\u0119ci. Je\u015bli strona jest dost\u0119pna do zapisu, proces jest wymuszona zako\u0144czenia. W ten spos\u00f3b, napastnik nie b\u0119dzie m\u00f3g\u0142 u\u017cywa\u0107 wywo\u0142a\u0144 systemowych i b\u0119dzie zmuszony pr\u00f3bowa\u0107 znale\u017a\u0107 odpowiednie gadgety w realizacji JIT lub nawet wykona\u0107 trudniejsz\u0105 prac\u0119 polegaj\u0105c\u0105 na odkrywaniu zast\u0119pczych wywo\u0142a\u0144 systemowych bezpo\u015brednio w <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=44320\">losowo zwi\u0105zanej libc<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>Procesy Chrome\/Iridium s\u0105 ju\u017c do\u015b\u0107 solidnie chronione za pomoc\u0105 pledge i unveil, ale odebranie mo\u017cliwo\u015bci korzystania, na przyk\u0142ad, z systemowego wywo\u0142ania write(2) ma oczywi\u015bcie pewne zalety, poniewa\u017c stwarza atakuj\u0105cemu dodatkowe trudno\u015bci. Niemniej jednak trudno\u015bci mog\u0105 si\u0119 pojawi\u0107, je\u015bli implementacja JIT korzysta z natywnych wywo\u0142a\u0144 systemowych z pami\u0119ci W|X. Mo\u017cna jednak mie\u0107 nadziej\u0119, \u017ce nie b\u0119dzie to konieczne, poniewa\u017c ABI wielokrotnie si\u0119 zmienia\u0142o, ale nikt nigdy nie zg\u0142asza\u0142 problem\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>Zmiany s\u0105 ju\u017c dost\u0119pne w regularnych snapshotach ga\u0142\u0119zi OpenBSD-CURRENT, wszyscy zainteresowani s\u0105 zaproszeni do testowania.<\/p>\n<p>Osobny komentarz ze strony Theo zas\u0142uguj\u0105 powi\u0105zane wiadomo\u015bci o pojawieniu si\u0119 w Chrome\/Iridium trybu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50559\">bez JIT<\/a><\/noindex>. Z jego punktu widzenia jest to akceptowalne dla niekt\u00f3rych modeli u\u017cytkowania, jednak prawdopodobnie nie dla wszystkich, poniewa\u017c w tym trybie oczywi\u015bcie wzro\u015bnie obci\u0105\u017cenie procesora. Teraz Chrome g\u0142\u00f3wnie b\u0119dzie dzia\u0142a\u0107, je\u015bli wy\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 \u201ewxallowed\u201d dla \/usr\/local, chocia\u017c mog\u0105 wyst\u0105pi\u0107 problemy z niekt\u00f3rymi rozszerzeniami (przyk\u0142adem jest ghostery). Tak czy inaczej, Theo ma nadziej\u0119, \u017ce pe\u0142na funkcjonalno\u015b\u0107 w trybie bez JIT zostanie doprowadzona do pe\u0142nej u\u017cyteczno\u015bci w najbli\u017cszym czasie.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50763\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u043e \u0414\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 W^X (Write XOR Execute). \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c W^X \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0422\u0435\u043e \u0414\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f 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