{"id":35134,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:29","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilities in HSM modules that may lead to encryption key attacks","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zesp\u00f3\u0142 badawczy z firmy Ledger, producenta portfeli sprz\u0119towych do kryptowalut, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cryptosense.com\/blog\/how-ledger-hacked-an-hsm\/\">ujawnili<\/a><\/noindex>  zidentyfikowa\u0142 kilka luk w urz\u0105dzeniach HSM (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hardware_security_module\">Modu\u0142 Bezpiecze\u0144stwa Sprz\u0119towego<\/a><\/noindex>), kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 by\u0107 wykorzystane do wydobycia kluczy lub przeprowadzenia zdalnego ataku w celu zainstalowania zmodyfikowanego oprogramowania w urz\u0105dzeniu HSM. Obecnie raport dotycz\u0105cy problemu <noindex>dost\u0119pne<\/noindex> jest dost\u0119pny tylko w j\u0119zyku francuskim, raport w j\u0119zyku angielskim jest planowany <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blackhat.com\/us-19\/briefings\/schedule\/#everybody-be-cool-this-is-a-robbery-16233\">opublikowa\u0107<\/a><\/noindex> na sierpie\u0144 podczas konferencji Blackhat USA 2019. HSM to specjalistyczne zewn\u0119trzne urz\u0105dzenie, kt\u00f3re s\u0142u\u017cy do przechowywania kluczy publicznych i prywatnych, wykorzystywanych do generowania podpis\u00f3w cyfrowych i szyfrowania danych. <\/p>\n<p>HSM znacznie podnosi poziom ochrony, poniewa\u017c ca\u0142kowicie izoluje klucze od systemu i aplikacji, udost\u0119pniaj\u0105c jedynie API do wykonywania podstawowych operacji kryptograficznych, realizowanych po stronie urz\u0105dzenia. Zwykle HSM stosuje si\u0119 w obszarach, w kt\u00f3rych wymagana jest najwy\u017csza ochrona, na przyk\u0142ad w bankach, gie\u0142dach kryptowalut oraz centrum certyfikacji do weryfikacji i generowania certyfikat\u00f3w oraz podpis\u00f3w cyfrowych.<\/p>\n<p>Proponowane metody ataku pozwalaj\u0105 nieautoryzowanemu u\u017cytkownikowi na uzyskanie pe\u0142nej kontroli nad zawarto\u015bci\u0105 HSM, w tym na wydobycie wszystkich przechowywanych na urz\u0105dzeniu kluczy kryptograficznych i danych administratora. Problemy te s\u0105 spowodowane przepe\u0142nieniem bufora w wewn\u0119trznym procesorze komend PKCS#11 oraz b\u0142\u0119dem w implementacji ochrony kryptograficznej oprogramowa\u0144, kt\u00f3ry pozwala na obej\u015bcie weryfikacji podpisu cyfrowego PKCS#1v1.5 i uruchomienie \u0142adowania na HSM w\u0142asnego oprogramowania. <\/p>\n<p>W ramach demonstracji zorganizowano \u0142adowanie zmodyfikowanego oprogramowania, kt\u00f3re zawiera\u0142o tylne drzwi, pozostaj\u0105ce aktywne po kolejnych instalacjach standardowych aktualizacji oprogramowania od producenta. Twierdzi si\u0119, \u017ce atak mo\u017ce by\u0107 przeprowadzony zdalnie (metoda ataku nie jest precyzowana, ale prawdopodobnie dotyczy to podmiany \u0142adowanego oprogramowania lub przesy\u0142ania do przetworzenia specjalnie przygotowanych certyfikat\u00f3w).<\/p>\n<p>Problemy ujawniono podczas testowania fuzzingowego wewn\u0119trznej implementacji polece\u0144 PKCS#11 w HSM. Testowanie zorganizowano poprzez za\u0142adowanie w\u0142asnego modu\u0142u do HSM przy u\u017cyciu standardowego SDL. W wyniku tego w implementacji PKCS#11 ujawniono przepe\u0142nienie bufora, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna by\u0142o wykorzysta\u0107 nie tylko z wewn\u0119trznego \u015brodowiska HSM, ale tak\u017ce poprzez odwo\u0142anie do sterownika PKCS#11 z g\u0142\u00f3wnego systemu operacyjnego komputera, do kt\u00f3rego pod\u0142\u0105czony jest modu\u0142 HSM. <\/p>\n<p>Nast\u0119pnie przepe\u0142nienie bufora zosta\u0142o wykorzystane do wykonania kodu po stronie HSM i nadpisania parametr\u00f3w dost\u0119pu. Podczas badania wn\u0119trza ujawniono kolejn\u0105 luk\u0119, kt\u00f3ra pozwala na za\u0142adowanie nowego oprogramowania bez cyfrowego podpisu. Ostatecznie napisano i za\u0142adowano do HSM w\u0142asny modu\u0142, kt\u00f3ry zrzuca wszystkie przechowywane w HSM sekrety na zewn\u0105trz.<\/p>\n<p>Nazwa producenta, w HSM-ach kt\u00f3rego ujawniono luki, na razie nie zosta\u0142a ujawniona, ale twierdzi si\u0119, \u017ce wadliwe urz\u0105dzenia s\u0105 u\u017cywane przez niekt\u00f3re du\u017ce banki i dostawc\u00f3w us\u0142ug chmurowych. Informacje o problemach zosta\u0142y wcze\u015bniej wys\u0142ane do producenta, kt\u00f3ry ju\u017c naprawi\u0142 luki w nowej aktualizacji oprogramowania. Niezale\u017cni badacze sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce problem mo\u017ce dotyczy\u0107 urz\u0105dze\u0144 firmy Gemalto, kt\u00f3ra w maju <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/safenet.gemalto.com\/technical-support\/security-updates\/?LangType=1049\">wyda\u0142a<\/a><\/noindex> wyda\u0142a aktualizacj\u0119 Sentinel LDK z naprawami luk, dost\u0119p do informacji o kt\u00f3rych jest jak na razie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/supportportal.gemalto.com\/csm?id=kb_article_view&#038;sys_kb_id=f4c8e1624f413b00102400818110c78a&#038;sysparm_article=KB0018794\">zamkni\u0119ty<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50838\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Ledger, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 HSM (Hardware Security Module), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438 HSM-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 Blackhat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Ledger, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 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