{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"Minimalna instalacja CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nie mam w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci, \u017ce szlachetni administratorzy Linuxa d\u0105\u017c\u0105 do maksymalnego zminimalizowania zestawu pakiet\u00f3w instalowanych na serwerze. Jest to bardziej ekonomiczne, bezpieczniejsze i daje administratorowi poczucie pe\u0142nej kontroli oraz zrozumienia zachodz\u0105cych proces\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Dlatego typowy scenariusz wst\u0119pnej instalacji systemu operacyjnego polega na wyborze minimalnej wersji, a nast\u0119pnie na uzupe\u0142nieniu jej o niezb\u0119dne pakiety.<\/p>\n

\"Minimalna
\n
\nJednak minimalna wersja oferowana przez instalator CentOS okazuje si\u0119 nieco za ma\u0142o minimalna. Istnieje spos\u00f3b na zmniejszenie rozmiaru pocz\u0105tkowej instalacji systemu w standardowy spos\u00f3b opisany w dokumentacji.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nKorzystaj\u0105c z systemu operacyjnego CentOS, pr\u0119dzej czy p\u00f3\u017aniej odkrywasz automatyzacj\u0119 jego instalacji za pomoc\u0105 mechanizmu Kickstart. Od dawna nie instaluj\u0119 CentOS przy u\u017cyciu standardowego instalatora. W ci\u0105gu mojej pracy zgromadzi\u0142em wystarczaj\u0105co du\u017co plik\u00f3w konfiguracyjnych kickstart, kt\u00f3re pozwalaj\u0105 na automatyczne uruchamianie system\u00f3w, w tym na LVM, sekcjach szyfrowych, z minimalnym GUI itd.<\/p>\n

I oto, w jakiej\u015b wersji si\u00f3dmej RedHat doda\u0142 zaskakuj\u0105c\u0105 opcj\u0119 do Kickstart, kt\u00f3ra umo\u017cliwia jeszcze wi\u0119ksze zminimalizowanie obrazu instalowanego systemu:<\/p>\n

\u2014nocore<\/b><\/p>\n

Dezaktywuje instalacj\u0119 grupy pakiet\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ra w przeciwnym razie jest zawsze instalowana domy\u015blnie. Dezaktywacja grupy pakiet\u00f3w powinna by\u0107 stosowana tylko do tworzenia lekkich kontener\u00f3w; instalacja systemu desktopowego lub serwera z \u2014nocore spowoduje, \u017ce system stanie si\u0119 nieu\u017cywalny. Rdze\u0144<\/a><\/noindex> RedHat szczerze ostrzega przed mo\u017cliwymi konsekwencjami stosowania tej opcji, jednak lata moje u\u017cywanie jej w rzeczywistym \u015brodowisku potwierdzaj\u0105 jej stabilno\u015b\u0107 i zastosowalno\u015b\u0107. Rdze\u0144<\/a><\/noindex> grupa pakiet\u00f3w powinna by\u0107 u\u017cywana tylko do tworzenia lekkich kontener\u00f3w; instalacja systemu desktopowego lub serwerowego z \u2014nocore spowoduje, \u017ce system b\u0119dzie nieu\u017cyteczny.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

install\ntext\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --agreed\nfirstboot --disable\n\nkeyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nlang en_US.UTF-8\ntimezone Africa\/Abidjan\n\nauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512\nrootpw --plaintext ***\n\nignoredisk --only-use=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --location=mbr\nclearpart --all --initlabel\n\npart \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --size=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --size=1 --grow\n\nnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --activate\n\n#reboot\npoweroff\n\n%packages --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%end\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --disable\n\n%end<\/p>\n

Chc\u0119 zauwa\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce CentOS\/RedHat jest bardziej wyrozumia\u0142y ni\u017c Fedora w interpretacji tej opcji. Ostatnia tak mocno wyblaknie system, \u017ce konieczna b\u0119dzie ponowna instalacja z dodatkiem niezb\u0119dnych narz\u0119dzi.<\/p>\n

zainstaluj\ntekst\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --zgodzone\nfirstboot --wy\u0142\u0105cz\n\nklawiatura --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nj\u0119zyk en_US.UTF-8\nstrefa_czasowa Afryka\/Abid\u017can\n\nautoryzacja --w\u0142\u0105czone_ci\u0119\u017ckie_delegacje --algorytm_has\u0142a=sha512\nrootpw --plain ***\n\nignoruj_dysk --u\u017cywaj-tylko=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --lokalizacja=mbr\nclearpart --wszystko --wska\u017anik_inicjuj\u0105cy\n\npart \/boot\/efi --typ_fs=\"efi\" --rozmiar=100 --opcje_fs=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --typ_fs=\"ext4\" --rozmiar=1 --ro\u015bnie\n\nsie\u0107 --bootproto=dhcp --nazwa_hosta=localhost --przy_autostart=on --aktywowa\u0107\n\n#restart\nwy\u0142\u0105cz\n\n%pakiety --nocore --nobase --wyklucz_dokumenty\nyum\n\n%koniec\n\n%dodatek com_redhat_kdump --wy\u0142\u0105cz\n\n%koniec\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nChc\u0119 zwr\u00f3ci\u0107 uwag\u0119 na to, \u017ce CentOS\/RedHat jest bardziej tolerancyjny wobec Fedory w interpretacji tej opcji. Ostatni tak bardzo wyczy\u015bci system, \u017ce konieczna b\u0119dzie ponowna instalacja z dodatkiem niezb\u0119dnych narz\u0119dzi.<\/p>\n
Jako bonus podam \"zakl\u0119cie\" na zainstalowanie minimalnego \u015brodowiska graficznego w CentOS\/RedHat (wersja 7):<\/p>\n
yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nZar\u00f3wno minimalny obraz systemu operacyjnego, jak i minimalne \u015brodowisko graficzne by\u0142y przeze mnie testowane i dzia\u0142aj\u0105 na rzeczywistych systemach.
\n
\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b Linux \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 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\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c CentOS, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Minimalna instalacja CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat | ProHoster","description":"Nie mam w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci, \u017ce szlachetni panowie \u2014 administratorzy Linuxa \u2014 d\u0105\u017c\u0105 do maksymalnego zminimalizowania zestawu pakiet\u00f3w instalowanych na 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