{"id":37655,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","slug":"live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","title":{"rendered":"Na \u017cywo Distro Knoppix po 4 latach u\u017cytkowania zrezygnowa\u0142o z systemd.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p><i>Po czterech latach korzystania z systemd, dystrybucja Knoppix oparta na Debianie usun\u0119\u0142a kontrowersyjny system inicjalizacji.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>W t\u0119 niedziel\u0119 (18 sierpnia <b>*<\/b>) wydana zosta\u0142a wersja 8.6 popularnej dystrybucji Linuxa Knoppix opartej na Debianie. W podstawie tego wydania le\u017cy Debian 10 (Buster), kt\u00f3ry ukaza\u0142 si\u0119 9 lipca, z szeregami pakiet\u00f3w z ga\u0142\u0119zi testing i unstable, aby zapewni\u0107 wsparcie dla nowych kart graficznych. Knoppix to jeden z pierwszych dystrybucji live-CD Linuxa i do dzi\u015b cieszy si\u0119 du\u017c\u0105 popularno\u015bci\u0105 w\u015br\u00f3d entuzjast\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>Wydanie Knoppix 8.6 \u2014 pierwsza publiczna wersja dystrybucji, kt\u00f3ra zrezygnowa\u0142a z systemd, systemu init stworzonego przez Lennarta Poetteringa z Red Hat, maj\u0105cego na celu zast\u0105pienie sysvinit. Podczas gdy adaptacja systemd by\u0142a przedmiotem kontrowersji i krytyki, obecnie systemd jest domy\u015blnym wyborem w mainstreamie. Jest stosowany w upstreamie Knoppix \u2014 Debian; RHEL, CentOS i Fedora; openSUSE i SLES, a tak\u017ce w Mageia i Arch.<\/p>\n<p>Niezadowolenie wzgl\u0119dem systemd w g\u0142\u00f3wnej mierze odnosi si\u0119 do nadmiaru funkcji, kt\u00f3re przejmuje ten subsystem, poniewa\u017c projekt nie odpowiada podstawowej filozofii Uniksa 'zr\u00f3b jedn\u0105 rzecz i zr\u00f3b j\u0105 dobrze'. Inne aspekty, jak logi w formie binarnej (w przeciwie\u0144stwie do czytelnych dla cz\u0142owieka log\u00f3w tekstowych), r\u00f3wnie\u017c wywo\u0142uj\u0105 krytyk\u0119.<\/p>\n<p>Technicznie pierwsz\u0105 wersj\u0105 Knoppix, kt\u00f3ra usun\u0119\u0142a systemd, by\u0142a 8.5; jednak ta wersja by\u0142a dystrybuowana wy\u0142\u0105cznie z papierowymi edycjami Linux Magazine Germany, wcze\u015bniej w tym roku, i nie by\u0142a dost\u0119pna do publicznego pobrania. Tw\u00f3rca Knoppixa Klaus Knopper kr\u00f3tko opisa\u0142 decyzj\u0119 o usuni\u0119ciu systemd w tej wersji (t\u0142umaczenie z niemieckiego, linki dodane dla kontekstu):<\/p>\n<p><i>'Wci\u0105\u017c kontrowersyjny startup systemd, kt\u00f3ry <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/new-linux-systemd-security-holes-uncovered\/\">niedawno wzbudzi\u0142 oburzenie z powodu luk w zabezpieczeniach<\/a>, zosta\u0142 zintegrowany z Debianem od wersji 8.0 (Jessie) i zosta\u0142 usuni\u0119ty pocz\u0105wszy od wydania Knoppix 8.5. Omin\u0105\u0142em surowe zale\u017cno\u015bci z systemem uruchamiania za pomoc\u0105 w\u0142asnych pakiet\u00f3w (poprawek <b>*<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Aby zachowa\u0107 zbli\u017cone do systemd zarz\u0105dzanie sesjami i tym samym umo\u017cliwi\u0107 zwyk\u0142emu u\u017cytkownikowi wy\u0142\u0105czanie i ponowne uruchamianie systemu, u\u017cy\u0142em mened\u017cera sesji elogind. Umo\u017cliwi\u0142o to unikni\u0119cie ingerencji systemd w wiele komponent\u00f3w systemowych i zmniejszy\u0142o z\u0142o\u017cono\u015b\u0107 systemu w ca\u0142o\u015bci. Je\u015bli musisz uruchamia\u0107 w\u0142asne us\u0142ugi przy starcie, nie musisz tworzy\u0107 \u017cadnych jednostek systemd, wystarczy wpisa\u0107 swoje us\u0142ugi w pliku tekstowym \/etc\/rc.local, kt\u00f3ry zawiera przyk\u0142ady z wyja\u015bnieniem.'<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Knoppix u\u017cywa\u0142 systemd od 2014 do 2019 roku, staj\u0105c si\u0119 drugim w bardzo kr\u00f3tkiej li\u015bcie dystrybucji, kt\u00f3re zintegrowa\u0142y, a nast\u0119pnie zrezygnowa\u0142y z systemd \u2014 Void Linux jest pierwszym na tej li\u015bcie. R\u00f3wnie\u017c w 2016 roku stworzono fork Debiana \u2014 Devuan, zbudowany wok\u00f3\u0142 filozofii wolnej od systemd. (Istnieje podobny fork Arch Linux \u2014 Artix, u\u017cywaj\u0105cy openRC.) <b>*<\/b>)<\/p>\n<p>Knoppix jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c dostarczany z systemem dla os\u00f3b z ograniczeniami, ADRIANE (Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment), kt\u00f3ry jest 'systemem m\u00f3wi\u0105cego menu, maj\u0105cym na celu u\u0142atwienie pracy i dost\u0119pu do internetu dla komputerowych nowicjuszy, nawet je\u015bli nie maj\u0105 oni kontaktu wzrokowego z ekranem komputera', opcjonalnie w\u0142\u0105cza system powi\u0119kszenia ekranu oparty na Compiz.<\/p>\n<p><b>* \u2014 przyp. t\u0142umacza<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/linux-general\/15195193\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f systemd, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 Debian \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435(18 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 *) \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 8.6 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043a\u0441-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Knoppix \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 Debian. \u0412 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 9\u0433\u043e \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f Debian 10(Buster), \u0441 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a testing \u0438 unstable \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442. Knoppix \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 live-CD [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f systemd, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 Debian \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435(18 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 *) \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 8.6.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47Live \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 4\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 systemd. | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f systemd, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 Debian \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435(18 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 *) \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 8.6.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:18:51+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:18:51+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Live Dystrybucja Knoppix po 4 latach u\u017cytkowania zrezygnowa\u0142a z systemd. | ProHoster","description":"Po czterech latach u\u017cywania systemd, oparty na Debianie dystrybucja Knoppix, usun\u0119\u0142a kontrowersyjny system inicjalizacji. W t\u0119 niedziel\u0119 (18 sierpnia *) wydano wersj\u0119 8.6.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pl_PL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Live \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 4\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 systemd. | 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