{"id":38012,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","slug":"realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","title":{"rendered":"Implementacja DDIO w chipach Intel umo\u017cliwia atak sieciowy polegaj\u0105cy na przechwytywaniu naci\u015bni\u0119\u0107 klawiszy w sesji SSH","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Grupa badawcza z Uniwersytetu Wolnego w Amsterdamie i Szwajcarskiej Wy\u017cszej Szko\u0142y Technicznej w Zurychu opracowa\u0142a technik\u0119 ataku sieciowego <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vusec.net\/projects\/netcat\/\">NetCAT<\/a><\/noindex> (Network Cache ATtack), kt\u00f3ra pozwala na zdalne okre\u015blenie naci\u015bni\u0119tych przez u\u017cytkownika klawiszy podczas pracy w sesji SSH, stosuj\u0105c metody analizy danych przez kana\u0142y zewn\u0119trzne. Problem wyst\u0119puje tylko na serwerach, kt\u00f3re wykorzystuj\u0105 technologie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remote_direct_memory_access\">RDMA<\/a><\/noindex> (Remote direct memory access) oraz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direct_memory_access#DDIO\">DDIO<\/a><\/noindex> (Data-Direct I\/O).<\/p>\n<p>Firma Intel  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/more-information-netcat\">uwa\u017ca<\/a><\/noindex>, co sprawia, \u017ce realizacja ataku w praktyce jest trudna, poniewa\u017c wymaga dost\u0119pu atakuj\u0105cego do lokalnej sieci, sterylnych warunk\u00f3w i organizacji po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 host\u00f3w z wykorzystaniem technologii RDMA i DDIO, kt\u00f3re zazwyczaj stosuje si\u0119 w izolowanych sieciach, na przyk\u0142ad w klastrach obliczeniowych. Problemowi przypisano niski poziom zagro\u017cenia (CVSS 2.6, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/security-center\/advisory\/intel-sa-00290.html\">CVE-2019-11184<\/a><\/noindex>) i zalecenie, aby nie w\u0142\u0105cza\u0107 DDIO i RDMA w lokalnych sieciach, gdzie nie zapewniono perymetru bezpiecze\u0144stwa i dopuszcza si\u0119 pod\u0142\u0105czenie nieznanych klient\u00f3w. DDIO jest stosowane w procesorach serwerowych Intel od 2012 roku (Intel Xeon E5, E7 i SP). Systemy oparte na procesorach AMD i innych producent\u00f3w nie s\u0105 nara\u017cone na ten problem, poniewa\u017c nie obs\u0142uguj\u0105 zachowywania danych przesy\u0142anych przez sie\u0107 w pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej CPU.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda stosowana do ataku przypomina podatno\u015b\u0107 &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48591\">Throwhammer<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, kt\u00f3ra pozwala na modyfikacj\u0119 zawarto\u015bci pojedynczych bit\u00f3w w pami\u0119ci RAM poprzez manipulacj\u0119 pakietami sieciowymi w systemach z RDMA. Nowy problem jest wynikiem prac maj\u0105cych na celu minimalizacj\u0119 op\u00f3\u017anie\u0144 podczas korzystania z mechanizmu DDIO, kt\u00f3ry zapewnia bezpo\u015bredni\u0105 interakcj\u0119 karty sieciowej i innych urz\u0105dze\u0144 peryferyjnych z cache'em procesora (w trakcie przetwarzania pakiet\u00f3w z karty sieciowej dane s\u0105 przechowywane w cache'u i wydobywane z niego bez odwo\u0142ywania si\u0119 do pami\u0119ci).<\/p>\n<p>Dzi\u0119ki DDIO do pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej procesora trafiaj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c dane generowane podczas z\u0142o\u015bliwej aktywno\u015bci sieciowej. Atak NetCAT bazuje na tym, \u017ce karty sieciowe aktywnie buforuj\u0105 dane, a szybko\u015b\u0107 przetwarzania pakiet\u00f3w w nowoczesnych sieciach lokalnych jest wystarczaj\u0105ca, aby wp\u0142ywa\u0107 na zape\u0142nianie pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej i okre\u015blenie obecno\u015bci lub braku danych w pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej poprzez analiz\u0119 op\u00f3\u017anie\u0144 podczas przesy\u0142ania danych. <\/p>\n<p>Podczas korzystania z interaktywnych sesji, na przyk\u0142ad przez SSH, pakiet sieciowy jest wysy\u0142any bezpo\u015brednio po naci\u015bni\u0119ciu klawisza, co oznacza, \u017ce op\u00f3\u017anienia mi\u0119dzy pakietami koreluj\u0105 z op\u00f3\u017anieniami mi\u0119dzy naci\u015bni\u0119ciami klawiszy. U\u017cywaj\u0105c metod analizy statystycznej i bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119, \u017ce op\u00f3\u017anienia mi\u0119dzy naci\u015bni\u0119ciami klawiszy zazwyczaj zale\u017c\u0105 od pozycji klawisza na klawiaturze, mo\u017cna z pewnym prawdopodobie\u0144stwem odtworzy\u0107 wprowadzane informacje. Na przyk\u0142ad, wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 ludzi zazwyczaj wpisuje &#171;s&#187; po &#171;a&#187; znacznie szybciej ni\u017c &#171;g&#187; po &#171;s&#187;.<\/p>\n<p>Informacje osiadaj\u0105ce w pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej procesora pozwalaj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c oceni\u0107 dok\u0142adny czas pakiet\u00f3w wysy\u0142anych przez kart\u0119 sieciow\u0105 podczas obs\u0142ugi takich po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 jak SSH. Generuj\u0105c okre\u015blony strumie\u0144 ruchu, atakuj\u0105cy mo\u017ce ustali\u0107 moment pojawienia si\u0119 nowych danych w pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej, zwi\u0105zanych z okre\u015blon\u0105 aktywno\u015bci\u0105 w systemie. Do analizy zawarto\u015bci pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej stosuje si\u0119 metod\u0119  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7363305\/\">Prime+Probe<\/a><\/noindex>, kt\u00f3ra polega na wype\u0142nieniu pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej zestawem wzorcowych warto\u015bci i pomiarze czasu dost\u0119pu do nich podczas ponownego wype\u0142niania w celu okre\u015blenia zmian. <\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vusec.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pasted-image-0-2-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacja DDIO w chipach Intel umo\u017cliwia atak sieciowy polegaj\u0105cy na przechwytywaniu naci\u015bni\u0119\u0107 klawiszy w sesji SSH\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/94cfe014f7db5a164cfbde4493290c61.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Nie wyklucza si\u0119 zastosowania proponowanej techniki do okre\u015blenia nie tylko naci\u015bni\u0119\u0107 klawiszy, ale tak\u017ce innych rodzaj\u00f3w danych poufnych, osiadaj\u0105cych w pami\u0119ci CPU. Potencjalnie atak mo\u017ce by\u0107 przeprowadzony r\u00f3wnie\u017c przy wy\u0142\u0105czonym RDMA, ale bez RDMA jego skuteczno\u015b\u0107 jest zmniejszona, a wykonanie znacznie utrudnione. Mo\u017cliwe jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c wykorzystanie DDIO do zorganizowania ukrytego kana\u0142u komunikacyjnego, stosowanego do przesy\u0142ania danych po kompromitacji serwera, omijaj\u0105c systemy zabezpiecze\u0144.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"QXut1XBymAk\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/QXut1XBymAk\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Odtwarzaj wideo\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51467\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 NetCAT (Network Cache ATtack), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435 SSH. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 RDMA (Remote direct memory access) \u0438 DDIO [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 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