{"id":39604,"date":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","slug":"backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"Backport podatno\u015b\u0107 w RouterOS zagra\u017ca setkom tysi\u0119cy urz\u0105dze\u0144.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Backport
\n
\nMo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 zdalnego downgrade'u urz\u0105dze\u0144 opartych na RouterOS (Mikrotik) zagra\u017ca setkom tysi\u0119cy urz\u0105dze\u0144 sieciowych. Wra\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 jest zwi\u0105zana z zatruciem pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej DNS protoko\u0142u Winbox i pozwala na za\u0142adowanie przestarza\u0142ego (z przywr\u00f3ceniem has\u0142a do ustawie\u0144 fabrycznych) lub zmodyfikowanego firmware'u na urz\u0105dzenie.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Backport
\n<\/p>\n

Szczeg\u00f3\u0142y wra\u017cliwo\u015bci<\/h3>\n

\nTerminal RouterOS obs\u0142uguje polecenie rozwi\u0105zywania dla wyszukiwania DNS.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nTo \u017c\u0105danie jest przetwarzane przez plik binarny o nazwie resolver. Resolver jest jednym z wielu plik\u00f3w binarnych po\u0142\u0105czonych z protoko\u0142em Winbox od RouterOS. Na wysokim poziomie \"wiadomo\u015bci\", wysy\u0142ane na port Winbox, mog\u0105 by\u0107 kierowane do r\u00f3\u017cnych plik\u00f3w binarnych w RouterOS na podstawie schematu numeracji opartego na tablicy.<\/p>\n

Domy\u015blnie w RouterOS funkcja serwera DNS jest wy\u0142\u0105czona.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nJednak\u017ce, nawet przy wy\u0142\u0105czonej funkcji serwera, router utrzymuje w\u0142asn\u0105 pami\u0119\u0107 podr\u0119czn\u0105 DNS.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nKiedy wykonujemy zapytanie, u\u017cywaj\u0105c winbox_dns_request, na przyk\u0142ad example.com, router b\u0119dzie przechowywa\u0142 wynik w pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nPoniewa\u017c mo\u017cemy wskaza\u0107 serwer DNS, przez kt\u00f3ry powinno przej\u015b\u0107 zapytanie, wprowadzenie nieprawid\u0142owych adres\u00f3w jest trywialne. Na przyk\u0142ad, mo\u017cna skonfigurowa\u0107 implementacj\u0119 serwera DNS od Filipa Klausa<\/a><\/noindex>, aby zawsze odpowiada\u0142 rekordem A zawieraj\u0105cym adres IP 192.168.88.250.<\/p>\n

def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Odpowied\u017a:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTeraz, je\u015bli za pomoc\u0105 Winboxa poszukamy example.com, mo\u017cna zobaczy\u0107, \u017ce pami\u0119\u0107 podr\u0119czna DNS routera jest zatruta.<\/p>\n
\"Backport
\n
\nOczywi\u015bcie, zatrucie example.com nie jest zbyt u\u017cyteczne, poniewa\u017c router faktycznie nie b\u0119dzie go u\u017cywa\u0142. Niemniej jednak, router musi komunikowa\u0107 si\u0119 z upgrade.mikrotik.com, cloud.mikrotik.com, cloud2.mikrotik.com i download.mikrotik.com. I dzi\u0119ki jeszcze jeden b\u0142\u0105d istnieje mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 zatrucia ich wszystkich jednocze\u015bnie.<\/p>\n
def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"upgrade.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud2.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"download.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Odpowied\u017a:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRouter \u017c\u0105da jednego uprawnienia, a my zwracamy pi\u0119\u0107. Router niew\u0142a\u015bciwie buforuje wszystkie te odpowiedzi.<\/p>\n
\"Backport
\n
\nOczywi\u015bcie ta atak jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c przydatny, je\u015bli router dzia\u0142a jako serwer DNS, poniewa\u017c pozwala atakowa\u0107 klient\u00f3w routera.<\/p>\n
Ten atak pozwala tak\u017ce wykorzysta\u0107 powa\u017cniejsz\u0105 luk\u0119: przeprowadzi\u0107 downgrade lub backport wersji RouterOS. Atakuj\u0105cy odtwarza logik\u0119 serwera aktualizacji, w tym changelog, i sprawia, \u017ce RouterOS postrzega przestarza\u0142\u0105 (wra\u017cliw\u0105) wersj\u0119 jako aktualn\u0105. Niebezpiecze\u0144stwo polega na tym, \u017ce podczas 'aktualizacji' wersji has\u0142o administratora jest resetowane do warto\u015bci 'domy\u015blnej' \u2014 napastnik mo\u017ce zalogowa\u0107 si\u0119 na konto z pustym has\u0142em!<\/p>\n
\r\n        \"Odtwarzaj\r\n        
<\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>
\nAtak jest ca\u0142kowicie skuteczny, mimo \u017ce autor<\/a><\/noindex> wdra\u017ca jeszcze kilka wektor\u00f3w, zwi\u0105zanych mi\u0119dzy innymi z wdro\u017ceniem backdoora w oprogramowaniu<\/a><\/noindex>, ale to ju\u017c nadmiarowa technika, a jej zastosowanie w nielegalnych celach jest niezgodne z prawem.<\/p>\n
Ochrona<\/h3>\n
\nProste wy\u0142\u0105czenie Winboxa pozwala chroni\u0107 si\u0119 przed tymi atakami. Mimo wygody zarz\u0105dzania za pomoc\u0105 Winboxa lepiej skorzysta\u0107 z protoko\u0142u SSH.
\n
\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 RouterOS (Mikrotik) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c DNS-\u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430 Winbox \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e (\u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u043e-\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e\u00bb) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b RouterOS \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 DNS. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c resolver. Resolver \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Backport luka w RouterOS zagra\u017ca setkom tysi\u0119cy urz\u0105dze\u0144 | ProHoster","description":"Mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pl_PL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Backport \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 RouterOS \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:36:42+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:36:42+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"39604","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 02:24:21","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 00:47:24","updated":"2026-01-24 02:24:21","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39604\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}