{"id":41110,"date":"2020-02-05T21:30:57","date_gmt":"2020-02-05T18:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/metody-otklyucheniya-zashhity-lockdown-v-ubuntu-dlya-udalyonnogo-obhoda-uefi-secure-boot"},"modified":"2020-02-05T21:30:57","modified_gmt":"2020-02-05T18:30:57","slug":"metody-otklyucheniya-zashhity-lockdown-v-ubuntu-dlya-udalyonnogo-obhoda-uefi-secure-boot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/metody-otklyucheniya-zashhity-lockdown-v-ubuntu-dlya-udalyonnogo-obhoda-uefi-secure-boot","title":{"rendered":"Metody dezaktywacji ochrony Lockdown w Ubuntu do zdalnego obej\u015bcia UEFI Secure Boot","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Andriej Konowalow z firmy Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/xairy\/unlockdown\">opublikowa\u0142<\/a><\/noindex> metoda zdalnego dezaktywowania ochrony  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51591\">Lockdown<\/a><\/noindex>, proponowanej w pakiecie z j\u0105drem Linux, dostarczanym w Ubuntu (teoretycznie zaproponowane metody <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugzilla.redhat.com\/show_bug.cgi?id=1599197\">powinny<\/a><\/noindex> dzia\u0142a\u0107 z j\u0105drem Fedory i innych dystrybucji, ale nie zosta\u0142y przetestowane). <\/p>\n<p>Lockdown ogranicza dost\u0119p u\u017cytkownika root do j\u0105dra i blokuje sposoby obej\u015bcia UEFI Secure Boot. Na przyk\u0142ad, w trybie lockdown ogranicza si\u0119 dost\u0119p do \/dev\/mem, \/dev\/kmem, \/dev\/port, \/proc\/kcore, debugfs, trybu debugowania kprobes, mmiotrace, tracefs, BPF, PCMCIA CIS (Card Information Structure), niekt\u00f3rych interfejs\u00f3w ACPI i rejestr\u00f3w CPU MSR, blokowane s\u0105 wywo\u0142ania kexec_file i kexec_load, zabrania si\u0119 przej\u015bcia w tryb u\u015bpienia, ogranicza si\u0119 u\u017cycie DMA dla urz\u0105dze\u0144 PCI, zabrania si\u0119 importu kodu ACPI z zmiennych EFI, nie dopuszcza si\u0119 manipulacji portami wej\u015bcia\/wyj\u015bcia, w tym zmiany numeru przerwania i portu wej\u015bcia\/wyj\u015bcia dla portu szeregowego.<\/p>\n<p>Mechanizm Lockdown zosta\u0142 niedawno dodany do g\u0142\u00f3wnego sk\u0142adu j\u0105dra Linux <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51881\">5.4<\/a><\/noindex>, ale w dostarczanych w dystrybucjach j\u0105drach wci\u0105\u017c jest realizowany w formie poprawek lub uzupe\u0142niany poprawkami. Jedn\u0105 z r\u00f3\u017cnic mi\u0119dzy udost\u0119pnianymi w dystrybucjach rozszerzeniami a wbudowan\u0105 w j\u0105dro realizacj\u0105 jest mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 wy\u0142\u0105czenia dostarczanej blokady przy fizycznym dost\u0119pie do systemu. <\/p>\n<p>W Ubuntu i Fedorze do dezaktywacji Lockdown przewidziano kombinacj\u0119 klawiszy Alt+SysRq+X. Zak\u0142ada si\u0119, \u017ce kombinacj\u0119 Alt+SysRq+X mo\u017cna u\u017cywa\u0107 tylko przy fizycznym dost\u0119pie do urz\u0105dzenia, a w przypadku zdalnego w\u0142amania i uzyskania dost\u0119pu root napastnik nie b\u0119dzie m\u00f3g\u0142 wy\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 Lockdown i na przyk\u0142ad za\u0142adowa\u0107 do j\u0105dra modu\u0142u z rootkitem o niepodpisanym certyfikatem cyfrowym. <\/p>\n<p>Andriej Konowalow pokaza\u0142, \u017ce zwi\u0105zane z u\u017cyciem klawiatury metody potwierdzenia fizycznej obecno\u015bci u\u017cytkownika s\u0105 nieefektywne. Najprostszym sposobem dezaktywacji Lockdown by\u0142oby programowe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/xairy\/unlockdown\/blob\/master\/00-sysrq-trigger\/run.sh\">symulowanie<\/a><\/noindex> naci\u015bni\u0119cia Alt+SysRq+X przez \/dev\/uinput, ale ta opcja jest pocz\u0105tkowo zablokowana. Przy tym uda\u0142o si\u0119 zidentyfikowa\u0107 co najmniej jeszcze dwa sposoby podstawienia Alt+SysRq+X. <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 &#171;sysrq-trigger&#187; &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432 &#171;1&#187; \u0432 \/proc\/sys\/kernel\/sysrq, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c  \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c &#171;x&#187; \u0432 \/proc\/sysrq-trigger. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugs.launchpad.net\/ubuntu\/+source\/linux\/+bug\/1851380\">naprawiono<\/a><\/noindex> w grudniowej aktualizacji j\u0105dra Ubuntu oraz w Fedory 31. Zauwa\u017calne jest, \u017ce programi\u015bci, podobnie jak w przypadku \/dev\/uinput, pierwotnie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.launchpad.net\/~ubuntu-kernel\/ubuntu\/+source\/linux\/+git\/bionic\/commit\/?id=531c25a35b2a93e025e72e04f16b0f3620ace581\">pr\u00f3bowali<\/a><\/noindex> zablokowa\u0107 t\u0119 metod\u0119, jednak blokada nie zadzia\u0142a\u0142a z powodu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/15833.1551974371@warthog.procyon.org.uk\/\">b\u0142\u0119du<\/a><\/noindex> w kodzie.<\/p>\n<p>Drugi spos\u00f3b dotyczy emulacji klawiatury przez  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/usbip.sourceforge.net\/\">USB\/IP<\/a><\/noindex> i wys\u0142ania sekwencji Alt+SysRq+X z wirtualnej klawiatury. W dostarczonym w Ubuntu j\u0105drze USB\/IP jest domy\u015blnie w\u0142\u0105czone (CONFIG_USBIP_VHCI_HCD=m oraz CONFIG_USBIP_CORE=m) i dostarczone s\u0105 niezb\u0119dne do dzia\u0142ania modu\u0142y usbip_core i vhci_hcd z potwierdzonym podpisem cyfrowym. Atakuj\u0105cy mo\u017ce <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/xairy\/unlockdown\/blob\/master\/01-usbip\/keyboard.c\">stworzy\u0107<\/a><\/noindex> wirtualne urz\u0105dzenie USB, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/xairy\/unlockdown\/blob\/master\/01-usbip\/run.sh\">uruchamiaj\u0105c<\/a><\/noindex> serwer sieciowy na interfejsie loopback i \u0142\u0105cz\u0105c go jako zdalne urz\u0105dzenie USB przy u\u017cyciu USB\/IP. O wskazanej metodzie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugs.launchpad.net\/ubuntu\/+source\/linux\/+bug\/1861238\">zg\u0142oszono<\/a><\/noindex> programistom Ubuntu, ale poprawka nie zosta\u0142a jeszcze wydana.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52286\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b Lockdown, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c Linux, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432 Ubuntu (\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c Fedora \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b). Lockdown \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f root \u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 UEFI Secure Boot. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 lockdown \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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